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{{short description|American astronaut (1962–2003)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox astronaut
| name = Kalpana Chawla
|other names =
| image = Kalpana Chawla, NASA photo portrait in orange suit.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date| 1962|3|17}}<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 November 2020|title=Kalpana Chawla Birth Anniversary: Here are lesser-known facts about the first woman of Indian origin to fly to space|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/kalpana-chawla-birth-anniversary-here-are-lesser-known-facts-about-the-first-woman-of-indian-origin-to-fly-to-space/story-s4Tvj78xVDw1jUUx69XywI.html|access-date=30 July 2020|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Karnal]], [[East Punjab]] state, India
{{small|(now [[Haryana]] state)}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2003|2|1|1962|3|17|df=y}}
| death_place = Aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia]] over [[Texas]], U.S.
<br /> in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]]
| alma_mater = {{ubl|Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal
[[Punjab Engineering College]] ([[Bachelor of Engineering|BE]])|[[University of Texas at Arlington]] (MS)|[[University of Colorado at Boulder]] (MS, PhD)}}
| selection = [[List of astronauts by selection#1994|1994 NASA Group]]
| time = 31 days, 14 hours, 54 minutes<ref name="nasahsf">{{cite web
| url = https://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-107/memorial/chawla.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041106130646/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/archives/sts-107/memorial/chawla.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 6 November 2004
| title = Kalpana Chawla – STS-107 Crew Memorial
| last = Dismukes
| first = Kim
| date = 7 May 2009
| publisher = [[NASA]]
| access-date = 22 January 2019
}}</ref>
| mission = [[STS-87]], [[STS-107]]
| insignia = [[File:Sts-87-patch.svg|40px]] [[File:STS-107 Flight Insignia.svg|40px]]
| awards = {{ubl|[[Congressional Space Medal of Honor]]|[[NASA Distinguished Service Medal]]|[[NASA Space Flight Medal]]}}
|citizenship= {{ubl|India (1962–1991)|United States (1991–2003)}}
| module = {{infobox scientist
| embed = yes
| thesis_title = Computation of dynamics and control of unsteady vortical flows
| thesis_year = 1988
| thesis_url = http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20281017
| doctoral_advisor =
| field = [[Aerospace engineering]]
}}}}

'''Kalpana Chawla''' (17 March 1962 – 1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American [[astronaut]] and aerospace [[engineer]] who was the first woman of Indian origin to fly to space.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indo-US astronaut follows Kalpana's footsteps |author=Salim Rizvi |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6169111.stm |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 December 2006 |location=New York |access-date=20 November 2012 |quote=Almost four years after the death of the first American astronaut Kalpana Chawla in the Columbia space shuttle disaster, Nasa has sent another woman of Indian origin into space.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster |author=Nola Taylor Redd |url=http://www.space.com/17056-kalpana-chawla-biography.html |newspaper=[[Space.com]] |publisher=Tech Media Network |access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref> She first flew on [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] in 1997 as a mission specialist and primary [[robotic arm]] operator.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-11 |title=Dr. Kalpana Chawla, astronaut and aerospace engineer, was the first Indian woman in space |url=https://awis.org/historical-women/dr-kalpana-chawla/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=AWIS |language=en-US}}</ref>

Chawla's second flight was on [[STS-107]], the final flight of ''Columbia'', in 2003. She was one of the seven crew members who died in the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster]] when the spacecraft disintegrated during its re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere on 1 February 2003.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28436243|title= Kalpana Chawla|website= [[NBC News]]|access-date=24 May 2012}}</ref> Chawla was posthumously awarded the [[Congressional Space Medal of Honor]],<ref name="NASAbio">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/chawla_kalpana.pdf|title=Astronaut Bio: Kalpana Chawla |date=May 2004 |publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref> and several streets, universities, and institutions have been named in her honor.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Early life and education ==
Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 in [[Karnal]], [[Haryana]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Harrison, Jean-Pierre.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/885972649|title=The edge of time : the authoritative biography of Kalpana Chawla|year=2011|isbn=978-0-9768279-0-0|location=Los Gatos, California|oclc=885972649}}</ref> She completed her schooling from Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School, Karnal. Growing up, Chawla went to local flying clubs and watched planes with her father.<ref name="Chawla, Kalpana">{{Cite book|title=Chawla, Kalpana
|date=April 2008|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|series=American National Biography Online|doi = 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.6028448}}</ref> After earning a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Aeronautical Engineering from [[Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh|Punjab Engineering College]], India, Chawla moved to the United States in 1982 and obtained a Master of Science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the [[University of Texas at Arlington]] in 1984.<ref>{{Citation | last = Chawla | first = Kalpana | title = MS Thesis Optimization of cross flow fan housing for airplane wing installation | publisher = [[University of Texas at Arlington]] |page=97 | date = 1984 }}</ref> She went on to earn a second Master's in 1986 and a [[PhD]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Chawla |first=Kalpana |title=PhD Thesis Computation of dynamics and control of unsteady vortical flows |publisher=[[University of Colorado Boulder]] |page=147 |year=1988}}</ref> in [[aerospace engineering]] in 1988 from the [[University of Colorado Boulder]].<ref name="Space.com">[https://www.space.com/17056-kalpana-chawla-biography.html Kalpana Chawla: Biography & Columbia Disaster] [[Space.com]], 20 December 2017</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Was Kalpana Chawala: Early Life, Education, NASA Career, Death And Legacy |url=https://www.hercircle.in/engage/get-inspired/achievers/who-was-kalpana-chawala-early-life-education-nasa-career-death-and-legacy-2116.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=www.hercircle.in}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 1988, Chawla began working at [[NASA Ames Research Center]], where she did [[computational fluid dynamics]] (CFD) research on [[V/STOL|vertical and/or short take-off and landing]] (V/STOL) concepts. Much of Chawla's research is included in technical journals and conference papers. In 1993, she joined Overset Methods, Inc. as vice president and Research Scientist specializing in simulation of moving multiple body problems. Chawla held a Certified [[Flight instructor|Flight Instructor]] rating for airplanes, gliders and Commercial Pilot licenses for single and multi-engine airplanes, seaplanes and gliders. After becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen in April 1991, she applied for the [[NASA Astronaut Corps]].<ref name=bioreview>{{cite magazine|title=Book Review: Biography of Kalpana Chawla |author=Basu, Biman |url=http://www.niscair.res.in/jinfo/sr/2012/SR%2049%285%29%20%28Book%20Review%29.pdf |magazine=[[Science Reporter (magazine)|Science Reporter]] |pages=40–41 |date=May 2012 |access-date=6 July 2013 |quote=Born on 17 March 1962 in Karnal, Haryana}}</ref> Chawla joined the corps in March 1995 and was selected for her first flight in 1997.

=== First space mission ===
Chawla's first space mission began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] flight [[STS-87]]. Chawla was the first Indian woman to go in space. She spoke the following words while traveling in the weightlessness of space: "You are just your intelligence." Chawla had traveled 10.67 million km, as many as 252 times around the Earth. On her first mission, Chawla traveled 10.4/6.5 million miles in 252 orbits of the earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalpana Chawla biography* |url=https://www.kcgmc.edu.in/KCGMCHome/about_kalpana_chawla |url-status=live |access-date=January 1, 2022 |website=www.kcgmc.edu.in}}</ref><ref name="NASAbio" /> During STS-87, she was responsible for deploying the Spartan Satellite which malfunctioned, necessitating a spacewalk by [[Winston Scott]] and [[Takao Doi]] to capture the satellite. A five-month NASA investigation exonerated <ref>{{cite web |title=Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College & Hospital - [KCGMC], Karnal |url=https://www.kcgmc.edu.in/KCGMCHome/about_kalpana_chawla#:~:text=During%20STS87%2C%20she%20was%20responsible%20for%20deploying%20the,defined%20procedures%20of%20flight%20crew%20and%20ground%20control. |website=KGGMC}}</ref> Chawla by identifying errors in software interfaces<ref>{{Cite web |last=1998-04-29T00:00:00+01:00 |title=Columbia crew is blamed for Spartan deployment failure |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/columbia-crew-is-blamed-for-spartan-deployment-failure/20850.article |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref> and the defined procedures of the flight crew and ground control. After the completion of [[STS-87]] post-flight activities, Chawla was assigned to technical positions in the astronaut office to work on the space station.

=== Second space mission and death ===
{{Main|STS-107|Space Shuttle Columbia disaster}}
[[File:Crew of STS-107, official photo.jpg|thumb|The crew of [[STS-107]] in October 2001. From left to right: [[David M. Brown|Brown]], [[Rick Husband|Husband]], [[Laurel Clark|Clark]], Chawla, [[Michael P. Anderson|Anderson]], [[William C. McCool|McCool]], [[Ilan Ramon|Ramon]]]]
In 2000, Chawla was selected for her second flight as part of the crew of [[STS-107]]. This mission was repeatedly delayed due to scheduling conflicts and technical problems such as the July 2002 discovery of cracks in the shuttle engine flow liners. On 16 January 2003, Chawla finally returned to space aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] on the [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|ill-fated STS-107 mission]]. The crew performed nearly 80 experiments studying Earth and [[space science]], advanced technology development, and astronaut health and safety.

During the launch of [[STS-107]], ''Columbia''{{'}}s 28th mission, a piece of foam insulation broke off from the [[Space Shuttle external tank]] and struck the [[Port_and_starboard|port]] wing of the [[Space Shuttle orbiter|orbiter]]. Previous shuttle launches had seen minor damage from foam shedding,<ref name="foam strikes">{{cite web |publisher=[[Columbia Accident Investigation Board]] |title=6.1 A History of Foam Anomalies (page 121)|date=August 2003 |url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/akamai.netstorage/anon.nasa-global/CAIB/CAIB_lowres_chapter6.pdf |access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> but some engineers suspected that the damage to ''Columbia'' was more serious. [[NASA]] managers limited the investigation, reasoning that the crew could not have fixed the problem if it had been confirmed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Columbia's problems began on left wing |url=http://staugustine.com/stories/020203/new_1299125.shtml |publisher=[[Associated Press]] via staugustine.com |author=Marcia Dunn |date=2 February 2003 |access-date=19 April 2016 |archive-date=2 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102193557/http://staugustine.com/stories/020203/new_1299125.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>

When ''Columbia'' re-entered the [[atmosphere of Earth]], the damage allowed hot atmospheric gases to penetrate and destroy the internal wing structure, which caused the spacecraft to become unstable and break apart.<ref name="USATODAY">{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-03-04-shuttle-investigation_x.htm|agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=Molten Aluminum found on Columbia's thermal tiles|access-date=13 August 2007 | work=[[USA Today]] | date=4 March 2003}}</ref> After the disaster, Space Shuttle flight operations were suspended for more than two years, similar to the aftermath of the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|''Challenger'' disaster]]. Construction of the [[International Space Station]] (ISS) was put on hold; the station relied entirely on the Russian [[Roscosmos State Corporation]] for resupply for 29 months until Shuttle flights resumed with [[STS-114]] and 45 months for crew rotation.

Chawla died on 1 February 2003, in the Space Shuttle ''Columbia'' disaster, along with the other six crew members, when ''Columbia'' disintegrated over [[Texas]] during [[re-entry]] into the [[Earth's atmosphere]], shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107.<ref>{{cite web|last=Correspondent|first=A|title=Space Shuttle Explodes, Kalpana Chawla dead|url=http://www.rediff.com/us/2003/feb/01kalp.htm|publisher=[[Rediff]]}}</ref> Her remains were identified along with those of the rest of the crew members and were cremated and scattered at [[Zion National Park]] in [[Utah]] in accordance with her wishes.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Leinbach |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael D. Leinbach |last2=Ward |first2=Jonathan H. |title=Bringing Columbia home: the untold story of a lost space shuttle and her crew |date=23 January 2018 |publisher=[[Arcade Publishing]] |location=[[New York City|New York]] |isbn=978-1-62872-852-1 |chapter=Chapter 12: Healing and Closure |quote=A a few days later a memorial service was held for Kalpana Chawla at Zion National Monument in Utah, one of her favorite places}}</ref>

== Honours and recognition ==
* The [[Cygnus NG-14|fourteenth contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft]] mission delivering supplies to the ISS was named the S.S. ''Kalpana Chawla'' after her.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americaspace.com/2020/09/09/next-cygnus-cargo-ship-named-for-columbia-astronaut-kalpana-chawla/|title=Next Cygnus Cargo Ship Named for Columbia Astronaut Kalpana Chawla|date=9 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=US spacecraft named after late Indian-American astronaut Kalpana Chawla|url=https://www.theindianhawk.com/2020/09/us-spacecraft-named-after-fallen-astronaut-kalpana-chawla.html|access-date=11 September 2020|website=The Indian Hawk: Latest Indian Defence News, World Defence, IDRW, Indian Army, Air Force, Navy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Laxman|first=Srinivas|title=US mission named after Kalpana Chawla|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/us-mission-named-after-kalpana-chawla/articleshow/78468744.cms|access-date=17 August 2022|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[Asteroid]] [[51826 Kalpanachawla|51826 Kalpana Chawla]], one of seven named after the ''[[Space Shuttle Columbia|Columbia]]''{{'}}s crew<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2003/columbia-tribute.cfm | title=Tribute to the Crew of Columbia | publisher=[[NASA]] [[JPL]] | access-date=10 June 2007 | archive-date=8 February 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208162807/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/2003/columbia-tribute.cfm | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* The lunar crater Chawla is named after Kalpana Chawla.<ref>{{cite web | title=Lunar crater Chawla | url=https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14139;jsessionid=24CD947A3489F6EF60C42E85455DFF6F?__fsk=-1203838122 | publisher = [[IAU]] | access-date=16 June 2021}}</ref>
* On 5 February 2003, the [[Prime Minister of India]] at the time, [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], announced that a meteorological series of satellites, MetSat, was to be renamed "[[Kalpana-1|Kalpana 1]]". The first satellite of the series, "MetSat-1", launched by India on 12 September 2002, was renamed "[[Kalpana-1]]".<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewnews.html?id=732 |title=ISRO METSAT Satellite Series Named After Columbia Astronaut Kalpana Chawla |date=6 February 2003 | publisher=Spaceref.com | access-date=10 June 2007}}</ref>
* 74th Street in the "[[Little India (location)|Little India]]" of [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]], [[Queens]], [[New York City]], New York, United States, has been renamed "Kalpana Chawla Way" in her honor.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Rajghatta|first=Chidanand|title=NY has Kalpana Chawla Way|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/NY-has-Kalpana-Chawla-Way/articleshow/775327.cms|access-date=27 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 July 2004}}</ref>
* In honor of her, a street was named Kalpana Chawla Street in Rayon Nagar in Sirumugai, a village in [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India.
* The Kalpana Chawla Award was instituted by the [[Government of Karnataka]] in 2004 to recognize young women scientists.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032310280500.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040713044512/http://www.hindu.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032310280500.htm | url-status=dead | archive-date=13 July 2004 | title = Kalpana Chawla Award instituted | access-date=10 June 2007 | location=Chennai, India | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=23 March 2004}}</ref>
*[[NASA]] has dedicated a supercomputer to Chawla.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://space.about.com/cs/nasanews/a/chawlacomputer.htm | title = NASA Names Supercomputer After Columbia Astronaut | publisher = [[About.com]] | access-date = 10 June 2007 | archive-date = 30 December 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071230123701/http://space.about.com/cs/nasanews/a/chawlacomputer.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* One of [[Florida Institute of Technology]]'s student apartment complexes, Columbia Village Suites, has halls named after each of the astronauts, including Chawla.
* The NASA [[Mars Exploration Rover]] mission has named seven peaks in a chain of hills, named the [[Columbia Hills (Mars)|Columbia Hills]], after each of the seven astronauts lost in the Columbia shuttle disaster. One of them is Chawla Hill, named after Chawla.
* [[Steve Morse]] from the band [[Deep Purple]] created the song "Contact Lost" in memory of the Columbia tragedy. Chawla knew Morse and took the band's ''[[Machine Head (album)|Machine Head]]'', featuring the song "Space Truckin'" with her on the mission. Morse's tribute song can be found on the album ''[[Bananas (Deep Purple album)|Bananas]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hobbyspace.com/Music/music1.html |title=Space Music – Rock/Pop |publisher=HobbySpace |date=31 August 2005 |access-date=10 December 2010}}</ref>
* Novelist [[Peter David]] named a [[Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)|shuttlecraft]], the ''Chawla'', after the astronaut in his 2007 ''[[Star Trek]]'' novel, ''Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor''.<ref>David, Peter; ''Star Trek: Next Generation: Before Dishonor''; Page 24.</ref>
* The Kalpana Chawla ISU Scholarship fund was founded by alumni of the [[International Space University]] (ISU) in 2010 to support Indian women's participation in international space education programs.<ref>[http://www.kcscholarship.org/ Kalpana Chawla International Space University Scholarship] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301005248/http://www.kcscholarship.org/ |date=1 March 2011 }}</ref>
* The Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship program was instituted by the Indian Students Association (ISA) at the [[University of Texas at El Paso]] (UTEP) in 2005 for meritorious graduate students.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://academics.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=45209 | title=Kalpana Chawla Memorial Scholarship | publisher=[[UTEP]] | access-date=10 June 2008 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002025936/http://academics.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=45209 | archive-date=2 October 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* The Kalpana Chawla Outstanding Recent Alumni Award at the [[University of Colorado]], given since 1983, was renamed after Chawla.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cualum.org/awards/chawla-award-winners | title=Kalpana Chawla Award | publisher=[[University of Colorado]] | access-date=12 February 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309065132/https://www.cualum.org/awards/chawla-award-winners/ | archive-date=9 March 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* The [[University of Texas at Arlington]], where Chawla obtained a Master of Science degree in aerospace engineering in 1984, opened a [[dormitory]] named Kalpana Chawla Hall in 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uta.edu/housing/housing/residence-halls/kc-hall.php | title=Kalpana Chawla Hall | publisher = [[University of Texas at Arlington]] | access-date=16 May 2013}}</ref>[[File:Kalpana Chawla Hall Univ Texas Arlington.JPG|thumb|Kalpana Chawla Hall, [[University of Texas Arlington]]]] In addition, the university dedicated the Kalpana Chawla Memorial on 3 May 2010, in [[Nedderman Hall]], one of the primary buildings in the [[University of Texas at Arlington College of Engineering|College of Engineering]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.uta.edu/news/releases/2010/05/kalpana-chawla-display.php | title = Kalpana Chawla Display Dedicated at Nedderman Hall | publisher = The [[University of Texas at Arlington]] | access-date = 16 May 2013 | archive-date = 29 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170929044156/http://www.uta.edu/news/releases/2010/05/kalpana-chawla-display.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* The girls' hostel (what a university dormitory is called in India) at [[Punjab Engineering College]] is named after Chawla. In addition, an award of [[Indian rupee|INR]] twenty-five thousand, a medal, and a certificate is instituted for the best student in the Aeronautical Engineering department.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=18844 | title = Punjab Engineering College remembers Kalpana | work = [[The Indian Express]] | access-date = 10 June 2007 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060827232518/http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=18844 | archive-date = 27 August 2006 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>
* The Government of [[Haryana]] established the [[List of planetariums#India|Kalpana Chawla Planetarium]] in [[Jyotisar]], [[Kurukshetra]].<ref name=":2">{{cite web|author= |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/planetarium-in-kalpana-chawlas-memory/36993-11.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927102422/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/planetarium-in-kalpana-chawlas-memory/36993-11.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 September 2009 |title=IBN News |publisher=Ibnlive.in.com |date=3 February 2010 |access-date=10 December 2010}}</ref>
* The [[Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur]], named the Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell in her honor.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Saxena |first=Ambuj |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/ambuj/421069342/ |title=Kalpana Chawla Space Technology Cell | Flickr – Photo Sharing! |publisher=[[Flickr]] |date= 14 March 2007|access-date=10 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kcstc.iitkgp.ernet.in/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230094113/http://www.kcstc.iitkgp.ernet.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 December 2007 |title=Space Technology Cell |publisher=Kcstc.iitkgp.ernet.in |access-date=10 December 2010 }}</ref>
*[[Delhi Technological University]] named a girls' hostel block after Chawla.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hostels.dtu.ac.in/girls-hostels/kalpana-chawla-hostel/|title=Delhi University|access-date=30 December 2014|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331063912/http://hostels.dtu.ac.in/girls-hostels/kalpana-chawla-hostel/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* A military housing development at [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]], Maryland, has been named Columbia Colony and includes a street named Chawla Way.
* A hostel block in [[Pondicherry University]] has been named after Chawla.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pondiuni.edu.in/content/hostels-dining|title=Pondicherry University}}</ref>
* [[Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College]] (KCGMC) is a [[Medical college]] located in [[Karnal]], [[Haryana]], India named after Chawla. Kalpana was born in Karnal.
* The [[National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra]] named a girls' [[hostel]] after Chawla.
* The [[Orissa University of Technology & Research (OUTR), Bhubaneswar]] named a girls' [[hostel]] after Chawla.
* The [[National Institute of Technology, Bhopal]] named a girls' hostel Kalpana Chawla Bhawan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manit.ac.in/content/hostel-no-7-kalpana-chawla-bhawan|title=KALPANA CHAWLA BHAWAN}}</ref>
* On 1 April 2022, a satellite named after Chawla ([[ÑuSat|ÑuSat 24]] or "Kalpana", COSPAR 2022-033X) was launched into space as part of the [[Satellogic]] Aleph-1 constellation.

== Private life ==
On 2 December 1983, Kalpana Chawla was married to Jean-Pierre Harrison at the age of 21.<ref name="Space.com" /> After the [[Columbia disaster|''Columbia'' disaster]], Harrison was approached by [[filmmakers]] to make a movie on Chawla's life, but he refused because he prefers to keep their life private.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dhar |first1=Abira |title=Exclusive: Kalpana Chawla's Husband Denies Rights to Make Biopic |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/husband-of-astronaut-kalpana-chawla-on-biopic |access-date=8 June 2021 |work=[[The Quint]] |date=27 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
''Mega Icons'' (2018–2020), an Indian [[Television documentary|documentary television series]] on [[National Geographic (Indian TV channel)|National Geographic]] about prominent Indian personalities, dedicated an episode to Chawla's achievements.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mega Icons Season 2 Episode 4|url=https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/mega-icons/1260000382/kalpana-chawla/1260041496|access-date=12 June 2021|website=[[Disney+ Hotstar]]|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{portal|Biography|Outer space}}
* {{Section link|List of Asian Americans|Space}}
* [[List of female spacefarers]]
{{Clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* ''Among the Stars!: Life and Dreams of Kalpana Chawla'' by Gurdeep Pandher
* ''India's 50 Most Illustrious Women'' ({{ISBN|81-88086-19-3}}) by Indra Gupta
* ''Kalpana Chawla: A Life'' ({{ISBN|0-14-333586-3}}) by Anil Padmanabhan
* ''The Edge of Time: The Authoritative Biography of Kalpana Chawla'' ({{ISBN|978-0976827917}}) by Jean-Pierre Harrison

== External links ==

*{{cite web|url=https://history.nasa.gov/columbia/Troxell/Columbia%20Web%20Site/Biographies/Crew%20Profile%20Information/Crew%20Biographies/ASTRON%7E1.HTM |title=Astronaut Bio: Kalpana Chawla|work=[[NASA]]|date=February 2003|access-date=7 May 2019}}
* [https://www.uta.edu/academics/schools-colleges/engineering/academics/departments/mechanical-aerospace Aerospace Engineering]
*[https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/chawla_kalpana.pdf NASA biography]
*{{IMDb name|id=1527404}}

{{Congressional Space Medal of Honor}}
{{STS-107}}
{{NASA Astronaut Group 15}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chawla, Kalpana}}
[[Category:Kalpana Chawla| ]]
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[[Category:Space Shuttle Columbia disaster]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in Texas]]
[[Category:American aerospace engineers]]
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[[Category:Amateur radio women]]
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[[Category:NASA civilian astronauts]]
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[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]
[[Category:American aviators of Asian descent]]
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[[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

Kalpana Chawla - Revision history

WikiDwarfBOT at 21:09, 21 July 2023