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{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Kalsia State
|common_name =Kalsia
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start = 1763
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end = [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Singh Krora Misl
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 = Sikh flag.jpg
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Kalsia-Punjab-Districts 1911.png
|image_map_caption =Kalsia (in red) in a 1911 map of Punjab
|capital = [[Chhachhrauli]]
|stat_area1 = 435
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 67132
|today = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] & [[Haryana]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Kalsia''' was a [[princely state]] in [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], [[British Raj|British India]], one of the former [[Cis-Sutlej states]]. It was founded by [[Gurbaksh Singh (Sikhism)|Raja Gurbaksh Singh Sandhu]] in 1760. After India's independence, it was included in [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union|PEPSU]] and later in the Indian [[East Punjab]] after the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956]]. The area of Kalsia is now located in the modern day Indian states of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] and [[Haryana]]. In 1940 the population of Kalsia was 67,393.<ref>''Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer'', p. 900</ref>

==Geography==
The area of Kalsia was 435 km<sup>2</sup> (168 sq mi), consisting of 20 detached pieces of territory in the [[Ambala district|Ambala]] and [[Ferozepur district]]s, lying mainly between 30° 12 and 30° 25 N and 77° 21 and 77° 35 E.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_326.gif Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 320.]</ref> It was divided into 3 major parts: two [[tehsil]]s, [[Chhachhrauli]] and [[Dera Bassi|Basi]], and a sub-tehsil named Chirak, in [[Ferozepur district]]. It had contained 181 villages in 1903. The capital of Kalsia state was [[Chhachhrauli]].

==History==
The state of Kalsia was founded by Gurbaksh Singh in 1760. He joined the [[Misl|Kroria Misl]] of the Sikh confederacy. [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] had granted the estate of Chhachhrauli to Raja Gurbaksh Singh, a commander of his troops and a resident of Kalsia village. Maharaja Goorbaksh Singh named the state "Kalsia" and Chhachhrauli became its capital city.

Raja Gurbaksh Singh was not famous, but his successor and son, Jodh Singh was an able person. At that time the area of Kalsia state comprised the territory between the Yamuna and the Markanda stream. Jodh Singh captured [[Dera Basi]] from Sardar Khajan Singh and also acquired territories of Lohal and Achrak. When [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] attacked and occupied [[Naraingarh]] in the Shivaliks in 1807, Jodh Singh was with him. In recognition of his services, Ranjit Singh presented him territories of Badala, Kameri and Chhabbal.

Jodh Singh died in [[Multan]] in 1818. After his death, his son Sobha Singh assumed charge of Kalsia state and held it until his death in 1858. Lahna Singh, his successor sided with the British in crushing the revolt of 1857.

After 1858, a period of peace started. When Lahna Singh assumed power, the Kalsia territory was intact as a British protectorate. The state's annual income was nearly [[rupees|Rs]] 300,000 per annum, and the population was around 62,000. After Lahna Singh, came Ranjit Singh Kalsia, then his son Ravi Sher Singh, and finally Ravi Karan Singh. Ravisher Singh in 1916 gave himself the title of Raja.
The Kalsia [[raja]]s held their estate until 1947, when it was merged with the Indian Union.

Both Ranjit Singh Kalsia and Ravi Sher Singh built several public utility buildings, including a charity hospital and schools. Raja Ravi Sher Kalsia Hospital was inaugurated in 1910 by Lt Governor of the Punjab, Sir Luis William Daney. The old court building still exists at Chhachhrauli. The [[dewan]] of the state used to live in a building known as ‘Janak Niwas’. The Kalsias were undoubtedly staunch [[Nanakpanthi]]s.

In volume XIX (Part 1) of the Census of India 1891, [[E. D. Maclagan]], the Provincial Superintendent of Census Operation, records: "Some eighty years ago (i.e., in 1811 AD) the grandfather of the present Lambardar of Jainpur village was carried off by the [[Sikh]] chief of Kalsia, and had all his fingers burnt off, because he refused to acknowledge that [[Nanak]] was the true Guru."<ref name=Rose/>

The state was under the political control of the commissioner of the [[Delhi]] division.

===Rulers===
The rulers of Kalsia State bore the title of 'Sardar', and Maharaja although from 1916 they adopted the title of 'Maharaja', including the last head of the state.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html Princely States of India]</ref>

====Sardar / kings ====
*1763 - 1785 Maharaja Gur Bakhsh Singh (d. 1785)
*1785 - 1818 maharaja Jodh Singh (b. 1751 - d. 1818)
(1818 - 14 Feb 1858 Maharaja Sobha Singh (d. 1858)
*1858 - 19 Feb 1869 Maharaja Lahna Singh (d. 1869)
*1869 - 10 Jul 1883 Maharaja Bishen Singh (b. 1854 - d. 1883)
*1883 - 1886 Maharaja Jagjit Singh (b. 1880 - d. 1886)
*28 Aug 1886 - 1908 Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1881 - d. 1908)
*25 Jul 1908 - 1916 Maharaja Ravisher Singh (b. 1902 - d. 1947)

====Kings and Queens (Raja and Rani ) ====
* 1916 - 1947 Ravisher Singh

==See also==
*[[Cis-Sutlej States]]
*[[Political integration of India]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Rose">
''A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West'',
H.A. Rose, 1997, 532 pages, p. 340, web:
[https://books.google.com/books?id=Th3Mu-_RwjQC&pg=PA340&dq=Kalsia+fingers+burnt&hl=en BooksG-Th]:
notes "carried off by the Sikh chief of Kalsia, and had...
fingers burnt off, because he refused to acknowledge...Nanak".
</ref>
}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|30.25|N|77.37|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of India]]
[[Category:1763 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]

Kalsia - Revision history

UpdateBot at 15:09, 7 June 2022