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{{short description|Indian biologist (1917–2001)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Kamal Ranadive
|honorific suffix = [[Padma Bhushan|PB]]
|image = Kamal Ranadive.jpg
|caption =
|birth_name = Kamal Samarath
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1917|11|08|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Poona]], [[Bombay presidency]], [[British India]] <br>(present day [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
|death_date = {{death date and age|2001|04|11|1917|11|08|df=y}}
|death_place =
|field = [[Cell biology]]
|work_institution = Cancer Research Centre and Tata Memorial Hospital
|alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Pioneering cancer research
|prizes = [[Padma Bhushan]]
|spouse = {{marriage|Jayasing Trimbak Ranadive|1939}}
|footnotes =
}}
'''Kamal Jayasing Ranadive''' ([[née]] '''Samarath'''; 8 November 1917 – 11 April 2001) was an Indian [[biomedical research]]er known for her research on the links between [[cancer]]s and [[viruses]]. She was a founding member of the [[Indian Women Scientists' Association]] (IWSA).{{Sfn|Debus|1968|p=1393}}{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|pp=24–26}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iwsa.net/FounderMembers.html|title=Founder Members|publisher=Indian Women Scientists' Association|access-date=24 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111174439/http://www.iwsa.net/FounderMembers.html|archive-date=11 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In the 1960s, she established India's first [[tissue culture]] research laboratory at the Indian Cancer Research Centre in [[Mumbai]].{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|p=24-26}}{{Sfn|Varde|1997|p=39}}

==Early life ==
Ranadive was born in [[Pune]] on 8 November 1917. Her parents were Dinkar Dattatreya Samarath and Shantabai Dinkar Samarath. Her father was a biologist who taught at [[Fergusson College]], Pune.{{Sfn|Debus|1968|p=1393}} He ensured that all his children were well educated. Ranadive was a bright student. She had her schooling at the [[Huzurpaga]]: the H. H. C. P. High School.{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|pp=24–26}} Her father wanted her to study medicine and also marry a doctor, but she decided otherwise. She started her college education at Fergusson College with [[Botany]] and [[Zoology]] as her main subjects. She earned her Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) degree with distinction in 1934.{{Sfn|Varde|1997|p=39}} She then moved to the Agriculture College at Pune where she did her master's degree (M.Sc.) in 1943 with [[cytogenetics]] of [[annonaceae]] as the special subject. She then married J. T. Ranadive, a mathematician, on 13 May 1939 and moved to [[Bombay]]. They had a son, named Anil Jaysingh.{{Sfn|Debus|1968|p=1393}}

In Bombay (now known as Mumbai), she worked at the [[Tata Memorial Hospital]]. Her husband, Ranadive, was a great help in her postgraduate studies in [[Cytology]]; this subject had been chosen by her father.{{Sfn|Varde|1997|p=39}} Here, she also worked for her doctoral degree ([[Doctor of Philosophy]]) at the [[Bombay University]]. Her guide was [[V. R. Khanolkar]], a [[pathologist]] of repute and the founder of the Indian Cancer Research Centre (ICRC).{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|p=24-26}}<ref name="Indian Academy of Sciences - Kamal Ranadive - Obsessed with excellence">{{cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/womeninscience/LD_essays/24-26.pdf|title=Obsessed with excellence|last=Bhisey|first=R|publisher=[[Indian Academy of Sciences]]|access-date=24 February 2015}}</ref> After she received her Ph.D. from the University of Bombay in 1949, she was encouraged by Khanolkar to seek a fellowship at an American University. She obtained a [[postdoctoral research]] fellowship to work on tissue culture techniques and work with [[George Gey]] (famous for his laboratory innovation, the [[HeLa]] cell line) in his laboratory at [[Johns Hopkins University]] in [[Baltimore]].{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|p=24-26}}

==Professional career==
Ranadive, on her return to India, rejoined ICRC and started her professional career as a Senior Research Officer. She was instrumental in establishing Experimental Biology Laboratory and Tissue Culture Laboratory in Bombay.{{Sfn|Shearer|Shearer|1997|pp=3213–13}} From 1966 to 1970 she had assumed the mantle of the Director of the Indian Cancer Research Centre in an acting capacity.{{Sfn|Shearer|Shearer|1997|p=3213}} In the early 1960s, she along with her assistants (whom she had inducted into ICRC) in the fields of biology and chemistry, developed tissue culture media and related [[reagents]]. She was also responsible for establishing new research units in [[Carcinogenesis]], [[Cell biology]] and [[Immunology]]. Her career achievements include research on the pathophysiology of cancer through the medium of animals which led to a further appreciation of causes of diseases such as [[leukaemia]], [[breast cancer]] and [[Esophageal cancer]]. Another notable achievement was in establishing a link to the susceptibility of cancer and hormones and tumour virus relationship. Evolution of the leprosy vaccine was a result of her basic research on the bacteria related to [[leprosy]].{{Sfn|Bhisey|2008|pp=24–26}} She was a great inspiration to Indian women scientists to work on cancer research, in particular on the subject cancer among women and children. One such project was on "Immunohematology of Tribal Blood" related to study of infants.{{Sfn|Shearer|Shearer|1997|pp=3213–13}}

==Special studies==
When Ranadive was working for Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital in Bombay (which later became Cancer Research Centre){{Sfn|Rockefeller Foundation|1952|p=83}} in the department of [[pathology]] she reported on the research studies on the "Comparative morphology of normal mammary glands of four strains of mice varying in their susceptibility to breast cancer". In February 1945, she reported on the studies of [[Breast cancer|cancer of the breast]] that had drawn special attention. She attempted to correlate the course of the disease with [[heredity]], child-bearing, histological structure and other factors.{{Sfn|Sciences|1946|p=18}} [[Cancer|Malignancies]] of genetic origin in children and abnormal states of the blood, known as [[dyscrasia]]s received her special attention.{{Sfn|Rockefeller Foundation|1952|p=83}}

A major study that Ranadive and her team of the Satya Niketan (a voluntary organisation) of Ahmednagar undertook in 1989 was collection of data related to nutritional condition of tribal children in the Akola taluk of [[Ahmednagar district]] of [[Maharashtra]].{{Sfn|CENDIT|1989|p=91}}

Ranadive also provided advice to women in the rural villages near Rajpur and [[Ahmednagar]] on health and medical care through government sponsored projects under the aegis of the Indian Women Association.<ref name=Salwi>{{Cite web|last= Salwi|first= Dilip M|url= http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/may2001/indianwomen.htm|title= Indian Women Association In India|publisher= Vigyan Prasar|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141220121458/http://www.vigyanprasar.gov.in/dream/may2001/indianwomen.htm|archive-date= 2014-12-20}}</ref>

==Awards and honours==
Ranadive was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] (India's third highest civilian award) for Medicine, in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=620|title=Padma Bhushan Awardees|publisher=Archives of Government of India|access-date=24 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023832/http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=620|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was awarded the first Silver Jubilee Research Award 1964, of the [[Medical Council of India]].{{Sfn|Roy|1970|p=31}} This award included a gold medal and a cash award of {{INRConvert|15000|lk=on|year=1964}}.<ref>{{cite book|title=Link|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzRWAAAAYAAJ|year=1964|publisher=United India Periodicals}}</ref> She was also awarded the G. J. Watumull Foundation Prize for 1964 in microbiology.<ref>{{cite book|title=IMDA Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tfdQAAAAYAAJ|year=1965|publisher=All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association}}</ref>

She was an Emeritus Medical Scientist of the [[Indian Council of Medical Research]] (ICMR).<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CcksAQAAIAAJ|title=The Year book of the Indian National Science Academy|year=1978}}</ref>

Ranadive was honored with a [[Google Doodle]] on 8 November 2021, her 104th birthday.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/dr-kamal-ranadives-104th-birthday/|title=Dr. Kamal Ranadive's 104th Birthday|date=8 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Musil |first1=Steven |title=Google Doodle celebrates pioneering Indian biologist Kamal Ranadive |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-doodle-celebrates-pioneering-indian-biologist-kamal-ranadive/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |work=CNET |date=7 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-11-08|title=Google honours biologist Kamal Ranadive with doodle|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/google-honours-biologist-kamal-ranadive-with-doodle/article37378256.ece|access-date=2021-11-08|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Papers published==
Ranadive published more than 200 scientific research papers on cancer and leprosy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Time-Line of Historical Highlights|url=http://www.apa.org/science/wist/time-line.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512154634/http://www.apa.org/science/wist/time-line.html|archive-date=12 May 2009|access-date=2021-11-08|website=www.apa.org|language=en|quote=Introduced tissue culture technology into India and co-founded the first Indian cancer research center. In her lifetime, Ranadive has published over 200 research papers on cancer and leprosy.}}</ref> Some of the papers are: (1) Betel quid chewing and oral cancer: Experimental studies on hamsters;<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Betel quid chewing and oral cancer: Experimental studies on hamsters|doi=10.1002/ijc.2910240623|pmid=544535|volume=24|issue=6|journal=International Journal of Cancer|pages=835–843|year = 1979|last1 = Ranadive|first1 = Kamal J.| last2=Ranadive| first2=S. N.| last3=Shivapurkar|first3=N. M.|last4=Gothoskar|first4=S. V.|s2cid=40177672}}</ref> (2) Effect of Urethan on Nucleic Acids;<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Effect of Urethan on Nucleic Acids|journal=Nature|volume=211|issue=5044|doi=10.1038/211082a0|pmid= 5967475|pages=82–83|year=1966|last1=Bhide|first1=Sumati V.|last2=Ranadive|first2=Kamal J.|bibcode=1966Natur.211...82B|s2cid=4149900}}</ref> (3) Influence of splenectomy on the development of leukemia in male mice of the ICRC strain;<ref>{{Cite journal|title= Influence of splenectomy on the development of leukemia in male mice of the ICRC strain|doi=10.1016/0024-3205(71)90310-9|volume=10|issue=8|journal=Life Sciences|pages=475–479|year=1971|last1=Pai|first1=S.R.|last2= Ranadive|first2=Kamal J.|pmid=5089344}}</ref> (4) Characterisation of mammary tumour virus of strain ICRC mouse.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Karande|first1=K.A.|last2=Joshi|first2=B.J.|last3=Talageri|first3=V.R.|last4=Dumaswala|first4=R.U.|last5=Ranadive|first5=Kamal J.|date=March 1978|title=Characterisation of mammary tumour virus of strain ICRC mouse|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014296478901883|journal=European Journal of Cancer|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=251–261|doi=10.1016/0014-2964(78)90188-3|pmid=204490|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==References==
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}

'''Bibliography'''
*{{cite book|last=Bhisey|first=Rajani|title=Lilavati's Daughters: The Women Scientists of India|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/womeninscience/LD_essays/24-26.pdf|year=2008|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences|location=Bangalore}}
*{{cite book|last=CENDIT|title=Indian Social and Economic Development 1989: An Index to the Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=51K1AAAAIAAJ|date=1 December 1989|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=9780803996298}}
*{{cite book|last=Debus|first=Allen G.|title=World Who's who in Science: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZNNAQAAIAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Marquis-Who's Who}}
*{{cite book|author=Rockefeller Foundation|title=Annual Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7kJAAAAIAAJ|year=1952|publisher=The Foundation}}
*{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Bidhan Chandra|title=Dr. B. C. Roy national award fund and silver jubilee research award fund souvenir, 1969-70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9B9rAAAAMAAJ|year=1970|publisher=Medical Council of India}}
*{{cite book|last=Sciences|first=Indian Academy of|title=Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36AbAAAAMAAJ|year=1946|publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}
*{{cite book|last1=Shearer|first1=Benjamin F.|last2=Shearer|first2=Barbara Smith|title=Notable Women in the Physical Sciences: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313293030|url-access=registration|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-29303-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Varde|first=Abhijit|title=Daughters of Maharashtra: Portraits of Women who are Building Maharastra : Interviews and Photographs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YP4pAAAAYAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Kalnirnay}}

==External links==
* {{Scopus}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1980–1989|state=collapsed}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ranadive, Kamal}}
[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian women biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Pune]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women medical researchers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women scientists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in medicine]]
[[Category:Scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Marathi people]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Women scientists from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian biologists]]

Kamal Ranadive - Revision history

PenneyIrby336 at 06:01, 20 April 2026