UpdateBot at 13:59, 18 April 2022

2022-04-18T13:59:51Z

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{{For|old Kamrup district|Undivided Kamrup district}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kamrup district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| total_type = Total
| image_skyline = Three Boats And A Lake (189522955).jpeg
| image_caption = [[Dipor Bil|Dipor Beel]]
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=225 |frame-height=225 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Kamrup district'''
|type=shape |id=Q2247441
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Kamrup district of Assam
|type2=line|id2=Q1164|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Assam
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26|20|N|91|15|E|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint = Amingaon
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lower Assam Division|Lower Assam]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Amingaon]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 3105
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1517542
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 142394
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 70.95%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 914
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]], [[Mangaldoi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mangaldoi]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2 = [[Boko (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Boko]], [[Chaygaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chaygaon]], [[Palasbari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Palasbari]], [[Hajo (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hajo]], [[Kamalpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kamalpur]], [[Rangiya (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rangiya]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 31 (India)|National Highway 31]], [[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Average annual precipitation
| blank_info_sec2 = 1,400 mm
| website = {{URL|https://kamrup.assam.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Kamrup Rural district''', or simply '''Kamrup district''' (Pron: ˈkæmˌrəp or ˈkæmˌru:p), is an administrative [[districts of Assam|district]] in the state of [[Assam]] in India formed by dividing the [[Undivided Kamrup district|old Kamrup district]] into two in the year 2003; other being [[Kamrup Metropolitan district]], named after [[Kamrup region|region]] it constitute. The district, along with [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]], [[Barpeta District|Barpeta]], [[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]], Bajali and [[Baksa district]]s have been created from the [[Undivided Kamrup district]].

==History==
[[Image:Madan Kamdev 8.jpg|thumb|[[Madan Kamdev]]|left]]
Kamrup Rural district was created by bifurcating [[Undivided Kamrup district]] in 2003.

The Government of Assam, during the Chief-ministership of Late [[Tarun Gogoi]], had proposed to bifurcate it further and create a new district, named South Kamrup. In 2016, the process of creation of the district was started.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2016-01-27|title=Assam issues notification to form new administrative districts|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/assam-issues-notification-to-form-new-administrative-districts-116012701006_1.html|access-date=2021-05-10}}</ref> But later that year, the process of creation was stopped midway due to lack of infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=Sentinel Digital|title=Revocation of East Kamrup, South Kamrup districts begins - Sentinelassam|url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/guwahati-today/revocation-of-east-kamrup-south-kamrup-districts-begins/|access-date=2021-05-10|website=The Sentinel Assam|language=en}}</ref>

==Geography and environment==
===Overview===
Kamrup district occupies an area of {{convert|4345|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="Reference Annual">{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> Kamrup district has some territorial disputes with neighbouring [[West Khasi Hills district]], [[Meghalaya]], including that over the village of [[Langpih]].<ref name="Zeenews20081122">{{citation|url=http://zeenews.india.com/Elections08/JKStory.aspx?aid=485586|title=Meghalaya flexes muscle on Assam boundary|periodical=[[Zee News]]|date=2008-11-22|access-date=2012-08-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224003636/http://zeenews.india.com/Elections08/JKStory.aspx?aid=485586|archive-date=24 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Hydrography===
In the immediate neighborhood of the Brahmaputra, the land is low and exposed to annual inundation. In this marshy tract reeds and canes flourish luxuriantly, and the only cultivation is that of rice. At a comparatively short distance from the river banks the ground begins to rise in undulating knolls towards the mountains of [[Bhutan]] on the north, and towards the [[Khasi Hills|Khasi hills]] on the south. The hills south of the [[Brahmaputra River|Brahmaputra]] in some parts reach the height of {{convert|800|ft}}. The Brahmaputra, which divides the district into two nearly equal portions, is navigable by river steamers throughout the year, and receives several tributaries navigable by large native boats in the rainy season. The chief of these are the Manas, Chaul Khoya and Barnadi on the north, and the [[Kulsi River|Kulsi]] and Dibru on the south bank.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Kamrup |volume=12 |page=647 |inline=1}}</ref>

===Flora and fauna===
In 1989 Kamrup district became home to the [[Dipor Bil]] [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|4.1|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment |title=Protected areas: Assam |url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |access-date=25 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823163836/http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm |archive-date=23 August 2011 }}</ref> There is also a plantation where seedlings of teak, sal, sissu, sum, and nahor are reared, and experiments are being made with the caoutchouc tree.<ref name=EB1911/>

Kamrup is home to one of the few large colonies of [[greater adjutant]] storks still in existence. The villagers previously regarded the birds as pests, but outreach efforts including cultural and religious programming, especially aimed at local women, have rallied Kamrup residents to be proud of and protect the storks.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Toomey|first1=Diane|title=From loathed to loved: Villagers rally to save Greater Adjutant storks|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/12/from-loathed-to-loved-villagers-rally-to-save-greater-adjutant-stork/|website=Mongabay|access-date=27 June 2017|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>

==Demographics==

===Population===
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,73,945|13=1911|14=3,04,339|15=1921|16=3,25,816|17=1931|18=3,56,369|19=1941|20=4,24,814|21=1951|22=4,97,763|23=1961|24=5,98,357|25=1971|26=8,04,775|27=1991|28=10,91,651|29=2001|30=13,11,698|31=2011|32=15,17,542|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=}}According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Kamrup district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,517,542,<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the [[West Africa]]n country of [[Gabon]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 2011-10-01 | quote = Gabon 1,576,665}}</ref> or the US state of [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=2010 Resident Population Data |publisher=U. S. Census Bureau |access-date=2011-09-30 |quote=Hawaii 1,360,301 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/619lRoKht?url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |archive-date=23 August 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 327th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name="districtcensus" /> The district has a population density of {{convert|436|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name="districtcensus" /> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 15.67%.<ref name="districtcensus" /> Kamrup has a [[sex ratio]] of 946 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name="districtcensus" /> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 72.81%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 7.11% and 12.00% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus" />
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Kamrup district
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Assam|Hinduism]]|darkorange|57.82}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Assam|Islam]]|#008000|39.66}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Assam|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|2.19}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.33}}
}}
The religious composition of the district includes [[Hinduism]] (877,495) 57.82% majority, second most popular is [[Islam]] numbering (601,784) constituting 39.66% of the region and rest 2.52% include others religions like [[Sikhism]] , [[Christianity]] , [[Buddhism]], [[Jainism]] and indigenous tribal religions according to census 2011 report. The district has people belonging to various [[Assamese people|indigenous Assamese communities]] like Keots/Kaibarta, Bodo, Rabha, Tiwa/Lalung, Amri Karbi, Dom/Nadiyal, Koch-Rajbongshi etc.

===Religious important places===
The district has followers of [[Hinduism]], [[Islam]], [[Christianity]], [[Buddhism]] and [[Animism]]. The ancient temples of [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakhya]] and [[Hajo]] attracts many pilgrims from all quarters.<ref name=EB1911/> The people of Kamrup also donated a sacred Arya [[Avalokiteśvara]] statue to [[Stakna Monastery]] in [[Ladakh]].<ref name="Temples">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhist-temples.com/buddhist-monastery/ladakh/stakna.html|title= Stakna Gompa|publisher=Buddhist-temples.com|access-date=19 October 2009}}</ref>

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kamrup district (2011)
|label1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]] |value1 = 74.43 |color1 = gold
|label2 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value2 = 19.90 |color2 = saddlebrown
|label3 = [[Garo language|Garo]] |value3 = 1.86 |color3 = cornflowerblue
|label4 = [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] |value4 = 1.41 |color4 = royalblue
|label5 = [[Hindi]] |value5 = 1.17 |color5 = orange
|label6 = Others |value6 =1.23 |color6 = grey
|thumb=left
}}

Major language spoken natively is [[Kamrupi dialects|Kamrupi dialect]] of [[Assamese language|Assamese]] with pockets of [[Amri language|Amri]], a language related with [[Karbi language|Karbi]], with 1,30,000 speakers;<ref name='ethnoamri'>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M . Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Amri Karbi: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ajz | access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009| publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref> [[Tiwa (Lalung)]] and [[Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)|A'Tong]], also spoken by 10,000 people, found mostly in southern parts bordering Meghalaya. [[Rabha language|Rabha]] is spoken by some along the Meghalaya border. All the indigenous Assamese communities use Assamese to communicate with other indigenous Assamese communities.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M . Paul Lewis| encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = A'Tong: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aot| access-date = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th | year = 2009| publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>

According to the 2011 census, 74.43% of the population spoke Assamese, 19.90% [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 1.86% [[Garo language|Garo]], 1.41% [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] and 1.17% [[Hindi]] as their first language.<ref name="districtcensus" />

==Economy==
[[Image:Academic complex iitg.jpeg|thumb|200px|{{center|Indian Institute of Technology in North Gauhati}}]]
The staple crop of the district is rice, of which there are three crops{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}. The indigenous manufactures are confined to the weaving of [[silk]] and [[cotton]] cloths for home use, and to the making of brass cups and plates. The chief exports are rice, oilseeds, timber, and cotton; the imports are fine rice, salt, piece goods, sugar, betel nuts, coconuts, and hardware. A section of the Assam-Bengal railway starts from Guwahati and a branch of the Eastern Bengal railway has recently been opened to the opposite bank of the river. A metalled road runs due south from Guwahati to [[Shillong]].{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

==See also==
* [[Silsako]]
* [[Madan Kamdev]]
* [[Kamrup region]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bannerje |first=A C |editor-first=H K |editor-last=Barpujari |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam: Modern Period |publisher=Publication Board, Assam |place=Guwahati |year=1992 |pages=1–43 |chapter=Chapter 1: The New Regime, 1826-31 |volume=IV}}
* {{cite book |last=Hunter |first=William Wislon |title=A Statistical Account of Assam |volume=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tIVJAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2012-12-13 |year=1879 |publisher=Trübner & co. }}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://kamrup.nic.in/ District Administration website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kamrup district
|North =
|Northeast = [[Udalguri district]] <br /> [[Darrang district]]
|East = [[Morigaon district]]
|Southeast = [[Ri-Bhoi district]], [[Meghalaya]]
|South = [[West Khasi Hills district]], Meghalaya
|Southwest = [[East Garo Hills district]], Meghalaya
|West = [[Goalpara district]]
|Northwest = [[Baksa district]] <br /> [[Nalbari district]]
}} <div style="text-align: center;">'''Note''': [[Kamrup Metropolitan district]] is completely surrounded by Kamrup Rural district. </div>

{{Western Assam}}
{{Assam}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamrup District}}
[[Category:Kamrup district| ]]
[[Category:Kamrup region]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:2003 establishments in Assam]]

Kamrup district - Revision history

UpdateBot at 13:59, 18 April 2022