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{{Short description|Village in Northern India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kandoora
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| motto =
| image_shield =
| caption =
| image_map = Kandoora.jpg
| pushpin_map = India
| pushpin_mapsize = 200
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type2 = [[Union territory]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Kashmir division]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of districts in India#Jammu and Kashmir (JK)|District]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Budgam district]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[Tehsil]] ([[Subdistrict]])
| subdivision_name5 = [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]]
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = ''Field of stones''
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]] (Village council)
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name = Vacant
| leader_title1 = [[Muqaddam|Moqdam]]
| leader_name1 = Ab Lateef Sheik
| area_total_ha = 200
| elevation_m = 1580
| elevation_min_point= Mahal
| elevation_min_m = 1520
| elevation_max_point= Bhag{{nbsp}}de{{nbsp}}Shafie
| elevation_max_m = 1616
| population_total = 3700
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_density_km2 = 825
| population_demonym = Kandoorians or Kondreek
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1= Official
| demographics1_info1 = {{hlist|[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] | [[Urdu]] | English<ref name="OfficialLang">{{citation |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=Government of India|work=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Yattoo |first1=Irfan |title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 |url=https://www.risingkashmir.com/Parliament-passes-JK-Official-Languages-Bill--2020-83567 |work=Rising Kashmir |date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220124904/https://www.risingkashmir.com/Parliament-passes-JK-Official-Languages-Bill--2020-83567 |archive-date=20 February 2022}}</ref>}}
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = PIN INDIA
| postal_code = 193411
| area_code_type = +91
| registration_plate = JK04
| translit_lang1_info1= [[Koshur]]
| settlement_type = Village
| translit_lang1 =
| image_caption =
| coordinates = {{Coord|33.9923|N|74.5837|E}}
| demographics2_title1= Spoken
| demographics2_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
| demographics_type2 = Language
| other_name = Kondur
}}

'''Kondur''' or '''Kandoora''' is the largest village in the Sukhnag River valley, located on the eastern banks of the [[Sukhnag River]]. It lies on the Beerwah-to-[[Doodhpathri]] road and is {{convert|26|km}} from [[Srinagar]], the largest city and summer capital of the [[union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]],{{r|2011 censusA}} which is the southern portion of the wider [[Kashmir conflict|Indian-administered]] [[Kashmir]] region.

Kandoora is a rural village, with agriculture its main economic activity. It is a Muslim community, with the inhabitants' first language being Koshur ([[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]), with other languages in use for particular purposes.

== Etymology ==
The village name, ''Kandoora'', derives from {{langx|ks|کَنِۂ|translit=kanie|lit=stone}}, and {{lang|ks|ڈُور}}, {{translit|ks|doour}}, {{lit|field}}, together signifying 'field of stones'. The land on which the village of Kandoora is situated is rocky.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

==Village administration==
Kandoora is in the Beerwah subdivision of [[Budgam district]], and governance of Kandoora is by [[representative democracy]]. The village is governed by a [[gram panchayat]] or village council, according to the [[Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996|1996 Panchayats Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2020|title=Pincode, Jammu and Kashmir: Budgam – Kandoora |publisher=Independent News Service |url-status=live |work=India TV News |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/jammu-and-kashmir/budgam/kandoora |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107150256/https://www.indiatvnews.com/pincode/jammu-and-kashmir/budgam/kandoora}}</ref> Its panchayat has eleven members, with each member representing a ward constituency. Each ward has its ward representative.
[[File:Candoora.jpg|thumb|View of a sunset in Kandoora]]

==Geography==
Kandoora is a rural village, one of 102 inhabited villages in the Beerwah tehsil. It has a land area of {{convert|199.87|ha}}.{{r|census 2011 B|p=64}} Nearest to Kandoora is [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]], approximately {{convert|2|km}} distant (measured from Beerwah's bus stand), with the Beerwah [[tehsil]] headquarters, about {{convert|3|km}} away. Beerwah, along with Sodipora, lies to the north of Kandoora. Also neighbouring the village are the surrounding locations of [[Sonapah]] to the northeast; Rankipora and Khatiruna to the east; Larbal to the southeast; Peth Zanigaam and Latinae to the south; Sail and Bun Zanigaamin to the southwest; Kanigund in the west; and Goriepora and Gohlar to the northwest.

===Village layout===
Kandoora is internally divided into ''Neiber Kandoora'' ({{transliteration|ks|neiber|italic=yes}}, meaning, 'spread out' or 'peripheral'), and ''Gamander Kandoora'' ({{transliteration|ks|gamander|italic=yes}}, meaning, 'downtown' or 'central portion').
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{no col break|
* Neiber Kandoora has:
** Hajamabad
** Najarabad
** Brandaker
** Gamudd
** Ghatpur
** Sheikhpur
** Malikpur}}
{{no col break|
* Gamander Kandoora is composed of:
** Bunpur
** Pethpur
** Mirpur (part)
** Hajamabad (part)
** Najarabad (part)
** Old Graveyard of Kandoora
** Masheed-e-Aungun (centre)}}
{{div col end}}
There are several planned or specially built communities within Kandoora. Such communities are widely known as ''colonies'' within the subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book |publisher=Macmillan Education |title=Macmillan Dictionary |url=https://www.macmillandictionary.com/thesaurus-category/british/areas-in-towns-or-cities |access-date=3 October 2021 |language=en |chapter=Areas in towns or cities - synonyms and related words |quote=Colony (noun; Indian English): a planned area within a city for people to live and work in}}</ref>
The Kandoorian colonies are: Zandwan; Sheikh ul Alam; Gousia; and Larbal.

==== Village roads ====
Roads interior to the village include:{{startflatlist}}
* Ghatpur-Masheed e Aungun Street
* Diversion-Malikpur Street
* Diversion-Nagpur Street
* Sheikhpur-Batehar Street
* Gamudd-Maxelum Street
* Maxelumm-Aawrenea Street
* Batehar Street{{endflatlist}}

=== Area road system ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}
Kandoora is well connected to its neighbouring villages by [[link road]]. The roads meet internally in the administrative centre, central Kandoora, locally called ''Masheed-e-Aungun''.
The roads are:{{col div|colwidth=25em}}
# Kandoora-Larbal Link road - {{cvt|1.5|km}}
# Kandoora-Khatiruna Link road - {{cvt|1.7|km}}
# Kandoora-Latina Link Road - {{cvt|1.9|km}}
# Kandoora-Zaniegaam Link Road - {{cvt|2|km}}
# Kandoora-Rankipora Link Road - {{cvt|1.8|km}}
# Kandoora-Kaniegund Link Road - {{cvt|1.7|km}}
# Kandoora-Sail Link Road - {{cvt|2|km}}
# Kandoora-Sodiepora Link Road - {{cvt|2.4|km}}
# Kandoora-[[Arizal, Jammu and Kashmir|Arizal]] Road - {{cvt|11|km}}
{{colend}}

The village can be accessed from:
{{col div|colwidth=15em}}
# [[Budgam]]
#* Budgam-Kandoora Road, via Sonpah
# Beerwah
#* Beerwah-Doodhpathri Road, via Sonpah
#* [[Beerwah, Jammu and Kashmir|Beerwah]]-Kandoora Road, via Rankipora
# [[Khag]]
#* Kandoora-Khag Road, via [[Malpora]] and Sail
# Khan Sahib
#* Kandoora-[[Khan Sahib, Jammu and Kashmir|Khan Sahib]] Road, via Pethkoot
{{colend}}

==Economy==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}
The economy of Kandoora is generally agrarian, being derived from agriculture and horticultural produce. The horticultural sector is on the rise, with the help of [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu]] (SKUAST-J) and [[Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir]]. Many apple orchards are being developed and this sector is expected to boost the local economy.

The production and sale of [[Kashmiri handicrafts]], such as [[Kashmiri shawl]]s, is another avenue for earning income available to Kandoorians.

== People and culture ==

The village population is [[Muslim]] and includes adherents of [[Sunni Islam]], schools of [[Hanafi]], [[Salafi movement|Salafism]], and [[Barelvi]] branches or schools of Islam.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

Disputes are usually brought before the local [[jirga]] to be resolved. The ''jirga'' is an assembly of local Kandoora chieftains. This traditional gathering of leaders has been adapted by [[Kashmiri Muslims]] from its origins in erstwhile [[North-West Frontier Province]] (NWFP) and [[Afghanistan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raina |first1=Muzaffar |title=Justice rolls in Kashmir, Afghan-style – Jilted, sheep stolen? Some people in the Valley never go to police but pin faith on a time-tested tribal system to settle disputes and redress grievances |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/justice-rolls-in-kashmir-afghan-style-jilted-sheep-stolen-some-people-in-the-valley-never-go-to-police-but-pin-faith-on-a-time-tested-tribal-system-to-settle-disputes-and-redress-grievances/cid/970408 |access-date=7 January 2023 |work=The Telegraph India online |date=30 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107144857/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/justice-rolls-in-kashmir-afghan-style-jilted-sheep-stolen-some-people-in-the-valley-never-go-to-police-but-pin-faith-on-a-time-tested-tribal-system-to-settle-disputes-and-redress-grievances/cid/970408 |archive-date=7 January 2023}}</ref>

The mother tongue of Kandoora locals is [[Kashmiri language|Koshur]] (Kashmiri). Several other languages are occasionally{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} used, including [[Urdu]], [[English language|English]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]] and [[Hindi]].

=== Demographics ===
The majority of adult Kandoora residents work or in agriculture and its associated occupations.{{r|census 2011 B|pp=68–69}} There are some government employees. Teenagers and young adults may continue as students, attending further education at institutions in the wider district.<ref>{{cite news |author1=((KL News Network)) |title=LS Polls Phase 2: The Complete Story |url=https://kashmirlife.net/ls-polls-phase-2-the-complete-story-207738/ |work=Kashmir Life |date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924165640/https://kashmirlife.net/ls-polls-phase-2-the-complete-story-207738/ |archive-date=24 September 2020 |quote=There were a few instances in Budgam district where the crowds resorted to stone pelting at paramilitary men. At a few places including Beerwa, Kandoora, Chewdara Kawoosa, Ratsun, Nasrullah Pora, Hafrooda, the police did react. Unofficial reports said three persons were injured.}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2022}}
{{sort under}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under mw-collapsible" style="max-width: 80%;"
|+ {{nowrap| Kandoora village: Enumeration and basic demographic details{{r|census 2011 B|p=}}}}
|-
! scope="col" style="max-width:15em"| Detail
! scope="col" style="max-width:5em"| Total
! scope="col" style="max-width:5em"; "background-color:#FFFCF5;" "border:#FFF7E6;" | Males
! scope="col" style="max-width:5em"; "background-color: #FFF7E6;" "border:#FFF7E6;" |Males %
! scope="col" style="max-width:5em"; "background-color: #F7FFF5;" | Females
! scope="col" style="max-width:5em"; "background-color: #EEFFE6;" | Females %
! scope="col" style="max-width:8em"; style="font-size: 80%;" | Sex ratio
! scope="col" style="max-width:12em"; class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| Population || 2,774 ||style="background-color: #FFFCF5;"| 1,492 ||style="background-color: #FFF7E6"|53.8 ||style="background-color: #F7FFF5"|1,282||style="background-color: #EEFFE6"| 46.2||859|| Sex ratio is no. of females per 1000 males
|-
| Child (0-6) || 677 || style="background-color: #FFFCF5;"| 407||style="background-color: #FFF7E6"| 60.1 ||style="background-color: #F8FFF5" |270 ||style="background-color: #EEFFE6"| 39.9 ||601||
|-
|{{ubl|Literacy|(Tot. literacy rate: 61.56% of pop. aged 7yrs+)}} || 1,291||style="background-color: #FFFCF5;"| 791||style="background-color: #FFF7E6"|72.90 ||style="background-color: #F7FFF5"|500||style="background-color: #EEFFE6"| 49.41 || 613|| All figures calculated as ''effective literacy rate'': Based on population of those 7yrs and over.
|-
|In paid work || 707 ||style="background-color: #FFFCF5;"| 570 ||style="background-color: #FFF7E6"|80.6 ||style="background-color: #F7FFF5"| 137 ||style="background-color: #EEFFE6"|19.4||240||
|-
|Marginal worker || 577 || style="background-color: #FFFCF5;"| 453 || style="background-color: #FFF7E6"|78.5 || style="background-color: #F7FFF5"|124 || style="background-color: #EEFFE6"|21.5 ||274||
|-
| No. of households || 479 ||{{nbsp}}||{{nbsp}}||{{nbsp}}||{{nbsp}}||{{nbsp}}||Source: Census 2011, 15th National census of India{{r|census 2011 B|p=}}
|}

=== Clans ===
The clans living{{citation needed|date=June 2021}} within Kandoora include:
{{col div|colwidth=14em}}
* Ahanger
* Alaiee
* Bhat
* Chopan
* Dar
* Dev
* Ganiee
* Hajam
* [[Khan (surname)|Khan]]
* Lone
* Magrey
* Malik
* Malla
* [[Mir clan|Mir]]
* Mughal
* Najar
* Pandit
* Parry
* Rather
* Reshi
* [[Kashmiri Shaikh|Sheikh]]
* [[Sayyid#North India|Syed]]
* Wani
* Zarger
{{colend}}

=== Religious institutions and organisations ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2025}}
[[File:Jamia Hanafiya Kandoora.jpg|thumb|Jamia Masjid Kandoora|244x244px]]
The township has [[halaqa|halqa]] level bodies of:

* [[Karwan-I-Islami]] International, Jammu and Kashmir
* [[Jamiat-e-Ahle Hadith, J&K]], Jammu and Kashmir

The village has six [[masjid]]s, including two [[jama masjid]]s:
* Grand Jamia Hanafiyah, Kandoora (in central Masheed-e-Aungun area)
* Chanpur Masjid e Shareef (in Chanpur)
* Masjid e Ramzaan a [[mosque]] of the [[Hanafi]] school in Sheikhpur
* Masjid e Gousiya, of the [[Barelvi]] school in Diversion{{where|date=August 2021}} colony
* Jamia Masjid Ahle hadith (Mohammad Bin Abdul Wahab RA) in which local Muslims observe Friday prayers, in Mirpur
* Masjid e Salafiyah, in Ghat Pur, a [[Salafi movement|Salafi School]] masjid

=== Sports ===
Sports played locally include:{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}} {{hlist|Cricket|Volleyball|[[Kabaddi]]|[[Kho kho]]|Rugby}}

== Education ==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2025}}
The village has a [[literacy]] rate of nearly 62 per cent, according to the 2011 census.{{r|census 2011 B|pp=64–65}} This is somewhat lower than the literacy rate of 67.16 per cent in Jammu and Kashmir overall.{{r|2011 censusA|p=48}}

=== Islamic religious education ===
The village of Kandoora has three Islamic educational institutions:
* Imam e Azam Institute of Islamic Studies, a [[Hanafi]] institution
*
* Institute of Islamic Theology and Jurisprudence ({{langx|ur|درسگاہ تعلیم القران والحدیث نبویہ}})
* Shah e Hamdan Institute of Islamic Studies, named in honour of [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]]

=== Independent schools ===
* Islamic Educational Institute Kandoora (IEI, Kandoora), established in 1986
This institution is the first private school in valley of the River Sukhnaag.<ref>[http://www.dsek.nic.in/Hill/index.html Directorate of School Education Kashmir]</ref>

=== Post-primary schools ===
* Government Girls Middle School, Kandoora: {{block indent|Established in 1975 in order to educate girls locally, past the primary school level.}}
* The Government Boys Higher Secondary Institute, Kandoora: {{block indent|Established 1953 as a primary school. In 1963 it was upgraded to middle school level and then, in 1971, to the high school level. It attained a higher secondary school level in 2018. This higher secondary school feeds [[Government Degree College, Beerwah]]. The institute was only the second school in the area, after the Government Boys Senior Secondary Institute School, Beerwah, established in 1953.}}

=== Primary schools ===
* Government Boys Primary School, Chanpur
* Government Boys Primary School, Malik Pur

==See also==
* [[Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]]

==References==
{{Reflist|25em|refs=
<ref name="2011 censusA">{{citation |author=((Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India)) |date=2014 |work=Census of India 2011 |series= Jammu and Kashmir: Series 02 – Part XII&nbsp;A |title= District Census Handbook, Badgam: Village Directory |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/492 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |url-status=live |archive-date=28 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728060405/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/492/download/1616/DH_2011_0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf |mode=cs1}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/492/download/1616/DH_2011_0102_PART_A_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf Direct PDF file download] (3,563 kB) – via Ministry of Home Affairs, Census Division.</ref>
<ref name="census 2011 B">{{citation |author=((Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India)) |work=Census of India 2011 |series= Jammu and Kashmir: Primary Census Abstract (PCA). Series 02 – Part XII&nbsp;B |date=2014 |title=District Census Hand Book, Badgam (Village- and town-wise) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/493 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103235129/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/493/download/1620/DH_2011_0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf|mode=cs1}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/493/download/1620/DH_2011_0102_PART_B_DCHB_BADGAM.pdf Direct PDF file download] (1,454 kB) – via Ministry of Home Affairs, Census Division.</ref>
}}

{{Coord|33.9923|N|74.5837|E|display=title}}
==Further reading==
* {{Cite news |last=Manzoor |first=Mir |date=22 September 2018 |title=Terrorist over ground workers arrested, Beerwah |work=Indiatv |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/let-terrorist-over-ground-workers-arrested-beerwah-jammu-kashmir-619981 |url-status=live |language=en |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127202735/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/let-terrorist-over-ground-workers-arrested-beerwah-jammu-kashmir-619981|ref=none}}

== External links ==
* [https://goo.gl/maps/LejBco7Lf9G7u8qq9 Map of Kandoora]

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

[[Category:Villages in Budgam district]]
[[Category:Kashmir separatist movement]]
[[Category:Kashmir conflict]]
[[Category:Kashmiri people]]
[[Category:Kashmiri language]]

Kandoora - Revision history

CleanupBot at 06:26, 22 March 2026