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{{short description|Indian cattle breed}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Kangayam
| image =Kangayam_01.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Cow
| image2 =Kangayam_02.JPG
| image_alt2 =
| image_caption2= Bull
| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=135}}|[[DAD-IS]] (2021): not at risk{{r|dad}}}}
| altname = {{ubl|Kangeyam|Kanganad|Kongu|Cangaian (in Brazil)}}
| country = India
| distribution =
| standard =
| use =
| weight =
| maleweight = 523 kg{{r|dad}}
| femaleweight = 341 kg{{r|dad}}
| height =
| maleheight = 140 cm{{r|dad}}
| femaleheight = 125 cm{{r|dad}}
| skincolour =
| coat = grey, darker in bulls
| horn = horned
| subspecies = indicus
| note =
}}

The '''Kangayam''' or '''Kangeyam''' is an Indian [[list of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[draught cattle]] from the [[States of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], in [[South India]].{{r|joshi|page=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding [[Coimbatore]], close to the border between Tamil Nadu and [[Kerala]],{{r|cabi|page=214}} but it is distributed over a considerably wider area.{{r|felius|page=410}} The breed name derives from that of the [[taluk]] of [[Kangeyam (taluk)|Kangeyam]].{{r|nic}} It may also be called '''Kanganad''' or '''Kongu'''.{{r|dad}}

== History ==

The Kangayam is a traditional draught breed of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is not closely related to the other draught breed of the state, the [[Umblachery]], but may have some influence from the [[Ongole (cattle)|Ongole]].{{r|cabi|page=214|joshi|p2=211}} Its area of origin is the region surrounding [[Coimbatore]], close to the border between Tamil Nadu and [[Kerala]],{{r|cabi|page=214}} but it is distributed over a considerably wider area;{{r|felius|page=410}} the name of the breed derives from that of the [[taluk]] of [[Kangeyam (taluk)|Kangeyam]] in [[Tiruppur District]].{{r|nic}}

In 1996 there were {{val|479000}} of the cattle;{{r|cabi|p=214}} in 2022 a total population of between {{val|127500}} and {{val|152500}} head was reported to [[DAD-IS]].{{r|dad}}

It has been exported to Brazil, where it is called the ''' Cangaian'''.{{r|dad2}}

== Characteristics ==

The Kangayam is of medium size, with a height at the [[withers]] of some {{nobreak|125–140 cm}} and a body weight of {{nobreak|340–525 kg;}}{{r|dad}} two body types are described, a larger and a smaller.{{r|cabi|p=214}}

The calves are red when born, but change to grey by the age of two; cows are grey or dark grey, bulls are darker and may be black on the head and foreparts. The colour of cows and [[oxen]] fades as they age, and cows may become completely white.{{r|cabi|p=214}}

== Use ==

The Kangayam was one of the two principal draught breeds used in Tamil Nadu, the other being the [[Hallikar]]. The cows give little milk: annual yield is in the range {{nobreak|342–1455 kg}}, with an average of {{nobreak|540 kg}}; the [[butterfat|fat content]] is approximately 3.9%.{{r|cabi|p=214}}

Bulls are used in traditional bull races, as are Hallikar and Ongole bulls.{{r|cabi|p=214}} They are also commonly used in the traditional sport of [[Jallikattu]].{{r|nic|nie}}

== References ==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], an annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=dad>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=IND&specie=Cattle&breed=Kangayam Breed datasheet: Kangayam / India (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>

<ref name=dad2>[https://fao-dadis-breed-detail.firebaseapp.com/?country=BRA&specie=Cattle&breed=Cangaian Breed data sheet: Cangaian / Brazil (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2021.</ref>

<ref name=felius>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.it/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>

<ref name=joshi>N.R. Joshi, Ralph W. Phillips (1953). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201185853/http://www.fao.org/3/a-an469e.pdf ''Zebu Cattle of India and Pakistan'']. FAO Agriculture Studies No. 19. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>

<ref name=nic>[https://tiruppur.nic.in/departments/animal-husbandry-2/ Animal Husbandry: Kangayam Cattle]. Tiruppur District Administration. Accessed June 2022.</ref>

<ref name=nie>L. Rajagopal (14 January 2018). [https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2018/jan/14/tamil-nadu-bull-dose-jallikattu-revives-kangeyam-popularity-1753230.html Tamil Nadu: Bull dose Jallikattu revives Kangeyam popularity]. ''New Indian Express''. Accessed June 2022.</ref>



}}

{{Cattle breeds of India}}

[[Category:Cattle breeds]]
[[Category:Animal husbandry in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]

Kangayam cattle - Revision history

UpdateBot at 13:11, 29 June 2022