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{{short description|Historical princely estate in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name = Kangra State Kangra-Lambagraon Estate
|common_name = Kangra
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = [[Princely state]] until 1810. [[Jagir|Estate]] of Lambagraon (Annexed by the [[British Raj]]) after 1846
|era =
|year_start = 11th century
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Flag of Kangra state.png
|image_coat =
|image_map = Punjab-Districts 1911.png
|image_map_caption = Kangra district in a 1911 map of Punjab
|stat_area1 =324
|stat_year1 = 1931
|stat_pop1 = 1625000
|today = [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
}}{{More citations needed|date=February 2021}}

'''Kangra-Lambagraon''' was a historical princely [[Jagir|estate]] ''(jagir)'' of [[British India]] located in the present-day state of [[Himachal Pradesh]]. In 1947, the estate comprised 437 villages, encompassing an area of 324 km2. It had with a Privy Purse of Rs 70,000/- and enjoyed a revenue of approx. Rs.1,76,000/-.

The rulers of the estate belonged to the ancient [[Katoch]] dynasty<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Kangra |volume=15 |page=652}}</ref> which had ruled the former '''Kangra State'''.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} Kangra is credited with being the oldest and largest state in the Punjab Hills.<ref>{{citation |last=Srivastava |first=R.P. |title=Punjab Painting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoPu1scXkXYC |year=1983 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-174-4 |page=7}}</ref>

Kangra State was extinguished and annexed by [[Sikh Empire]] in 1810. Its ruler was granted the jagir of Lambagraon by Treaty of Jawalamukhi. In 1846 Kangra was annexed to British India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html|title=Indian Princely States K-Z}}</ref> as part of the [[Treaty of Lahore]].

==History==
{{see also|Kangra Fort|History of the Punjab}}

===Early history of the Kangra State===
The first modern recorded mention of the state, however, is from the 11th century AD. The Katoch dynasty are reputed to have ruled the town of [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] and its vicinity since time immemorial. Several very extended interregnums are acknowledged.

===Medieval invasions===

{{see also|Battle of Kangra|}}

At least three rulers sought to conquer the [[Kangra fort]] and plundered the treasures of its temples: Mahmud Ghazni in 1009, Firuz Shah Tughluq in 1360 and Sher Shah in 1540.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Bs_DQAAQBAJ&q=kangra+fort+akbar&pg=PA37 | title=Everyday Creativity: Singing Goddesses in the Himalayan Foothills| isbn=9780226407562| last1=Narayan| first1=Kirin| date=22 November 2016}}</ref>

[[Battle of Kangra]] Kangra State 1333
During Prithvi Chand II's reign, they defeated the army of [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] which was not able to fight in the hills. Nearly all his 100,000 soldiers perished in 1333 AD and he was forced to retreat.<ref>Chandra, Satish (1997). Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 101–102. {{ISBN|978-8124105221}}.</ref>

===Conflicts with Mughals===
The fort of Kangra resisted [[Akbar]]'s siege. Akbar's son Jahangir successfully subdued the fort in 1620 annexing the surrounding area and reducing the Katoch rajas to the status of vassals.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=165–166}}</ref><ref name=Parry>{{citation |last=Parry |first=Jonathan P. |title=Caste and Kinship in Kangra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MabdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11 |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-54585-6|pages=11–13}}</ref> Kangra was at the time ruled by Raja Hari Chand Katoch of Kangra (also known as Raja Hari Chand II)<ref>{{Cite book| last=Hutchison| first=John | title=History of the Panjab Hill States, Volume 1| publisher=Asian Educational Services (First ed 1913) Ed. 2008 | isbn=978-8175364400 | pages=200–225 | year=2008 }}</ref>

[[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Jahangir]] with the help of Suraj Mal garrisoned with his troops. Under Jahangir, Murtaza Khan the governor of Punjab was directed to conquer Kangra, but he failed on account of the jealousy and opposition of the Rajput chiefs who were associated with him. Then Prince Khurram was put in charge of the command. The siege of Kangra was pushed on for weeks. Supplies were cut off. The garrison had to live on boiled dry grass. It was faced with death and starvation. After a siege of 14 months, the fort surrendered in November, 1620. In 1621, Jahangir visited it and ordered the slaughter of a bullock there.<ref>http://www.preservearticles.com/2012031026090/jahangirs-conquest-of-kangra-and-kistwar.html</ref> A mosque was also built within the fort of Kangra.<ref>{{cite episode |title=Kangra |number=7 |series=Ekaant |language= hi |season=2 |network=[[Epic (TV channel)|EPIC]] |date=2015 }}</ref>

The Katoch Kings repeatedly looted Mughal controlled regions, weakening the Mughal control, aiding in the decline of Mughal power, [[Raja Sansar Chand]] II succeeded in recovering the ancient fort of his ancestors, in 1789.

===State extinguished and annexed by Sikh empire ===
As the Mughal power waned, many former officers of the [[Mughal empire]] took autonomous charge of the areas under their power and this situation affected Kangra. Meanwhile, (in 1758), Ghamand Chand, a supposed scion of the dispossessed family, attained a position of power in the Punjab plains, being appointed governor of [[Jalandhar]] by [[Ahmed Shah Abdali]]. Building upon this ascendency, Ghamand Chand's grandson Sansar Chand rallied an army, ousted the then ruler of Kangra, Saif Ali Khan, and gained possession of his patrimony. This happened in 1783, and Sansar Chand was aided by the Kanhaiya ''misl'', one of several Sikh principalities that ruled [[Punjab region|the Punjab]] in that era.

During the campaign, Raja Sansar Chand and his mercenary force overran other nearby principalities and compelled the submission of their rulers. He reigned over a relatively large part of present-day [[Himachal Pradesh]] for perhaps two decades, but his ambitions brought him into conflict with the [[Gurkha|Gorkha]]s ruling the then nascent state of [[Nepal]]. The Gorkhas and the recently humbled hill-states allied to invade Kangra in 1806. The Raja was defeated and left with no territory beyond the immediate vicinity of the fortress of Kangra, which he managed to retain with the help of a small Sikh force sent to his aid by [[Ranjit Singh]]. In this despair, the Raja treated with Ranjit Singh at Jawalamukhi in 1809. By that treaty, Raja Sansar Chand surrendered his (now largely notional) state to Ranjit Singh, in return for a substantial fief to be held under the suzerainty of the latter. This estate consisted, in 1947, of 20 villages yielding a revenue of Rs. 40,000/- and encompassing an area of 324 km2. Ranjit Singh duly established his rule over the land; Sansar Chand received in addition the estate of Lambagraon.

===British era===
As a result of the [[First Anglo-Sikh War]] (1846), the area between the [[Sutlej]] and [[Ravi river|Ravi]] rivers, including the hill states, were ceded by the Sikhs to the [[British East India Company|HEIC]]. Thus, Lambagraon estate was annexed by the British and was one of the feudatory estates placed under the [[Hill States|Simla Hill States' Superintendency]]. In deference with the ruling dynasty's association with [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]] town (and given the fact that the estate fell within [[Kangra District|Kangra district]]) the estate was referred to as "Kangra-Lambagraon".

The princely estate of Kangra-Lambagraon acceded unto the [[Dominion of India]] in 1947; the following year, it was merged with its sister states of the erstwhile Simla superintendency to create a province named "Himachal Pradesh", administered by a Chief Commissioner.

==See also==
* [[Kangra District|Kangra district]]
* [[Trigarta]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170329030427/http://www.world66.com/asia/southasia/india/himachalpradesh/dharamsala History of Kangra]
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20091104/himplus.htm#8 Katoch Dynasty – Oldest ruling dynasty of the world]
{{History HP}}
{{Princely states of the Punjab and Simla Hills}}
{{Princely states annexed by British India}}
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[[Category:States and territories established in the 5th millennium BC]]
[[Category:Princely states of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Quasi-princely estates of India]]
[[Category:Kangra, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:1947 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1947]]

Kangra State - Revision history

CleanupBot at 18:05, 1 January 2022