https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Kanikkaran_language
Kanikkaran language - Revision history
2026-07-30T22:27:09Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
MediaWiki 1.45.4
https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Kanikkaran_language&diff=220888&oldid=prev
->Ser Amantio di Nicolao at 22:49, 26 August 2021
2021-08-26T22:49:03Z
<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
|name=Kanikkaran<br />
|nativename=கணிக்காரன்/കണ്ണിക്കാരൻ<br />
|states=[[India]]<br />
|region=[[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kanyakumari District|Kanyakumari]]<br />
|ethnicity=[[Kanikkaran]]<br />
|speakers=19,000<br />
|date=2007<br />
|ref=e18<br />
|familycolor=Dravidian<br />
|fam2=[[Southern Dravidian languages|Southern]]<br />
|fam3=[[Tamil–Kannada]]<br />
|fam4=Tamil–Kodagu<br />
|fam5=Tamil–Malayalam <br />
|fam6=[[Tamil languages]]<br />
|script= [[Tamil script]], [[Malayalam script]]<br />
|iso3=kev<br />
|glotto=kani1275<br />
|glottorefname=Kanikkaran<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kanikkaran''' is a Dravidian language spoken by about 19,000 [[Kanikkaran|Kanikkar]] tribals in southern India.<ref name="e18" /> They dwell in forests and hills of [[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]] and [[Kollam district|Kollam]] districts of [[Kerala]], and [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]] and [[Tirunelveli]] districts of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is called ''malambhāsha'', or "hill-language."<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Shyam|first=S.K.|date=12 December 2017|title=Aspects of Life and Language of Kanikkar Tribal Community of Kerala –A Study|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/dec2017/syamlanguagekanikar1.html|journal=Language in India}}</ref><br />
<br />
== Phonology ==<br />
<br />
=== Vowels ===<br />
Kanikkaran has 5 vowels, /a, e, i, o, u/. It demonstrates contrastive vowel length.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
=== Consonants ===<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"<br />
! colspan="2" |<br />
![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]<br />
![[Labiodental consonant|Labiodental]]<br />
![[Dental consonant|Dental]]<br />
![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br />
![[Retroflex consonant|Retroflex]]<br />
![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br />
![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan="2" |[[Stop consonant|Stop]]<br />
!<small>voiceless</small><br />
|p<br />
|<br />
|t̪<br />
|<br />
|ʈ<br />
|c<br />
|k<br />
|-<br />
![[Voice (phonetics)|<small>voiced</small>]]<br />
|b<br />
|<br />
|d̪<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br />
|m<br />
|<br />
|n̪<br />
|n<br />
|ɳ<br />
|ɲ<br />
|ŋ<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]<br />
|<br />
|ʋ<br />
|<br />
|l<br />
|ɭ<br />
|j<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|r<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|-<br />
! colspan="2" |[[Tap and flap consonants|Flap]]<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|ɾ<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|<br />
|}<br />
They use the phoneme /l̩/ occasionally.<br />
<br />
Kanikkaran has transformed words in Malayalam starting with /a/ into /e/. ''aɳcu'' (5) becomes ''eɳcu'', ''ari'' (rice) becomes ''ei'', ''arivāɭu'' (sickle) becomes ''erivāɭu'', ''aluku'' (split reed) becomes ''elakku''. It also adds a suffix ''-in'' or ''-n'' after all noun stems, except for nouns ending with ''-n'' in accusative.<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
== Grammar ==<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
!<br />
!singular<br />
!plural<br />
|-<br />
!1st<br />
|ɲān<br />
|ɲāɳkaɭu<br />
|-<br />
!2nd<br />
|īl<br />
|nīɳkaɭu<br />
|-<br />
!3rd<br />
|avanu/avaɭu<br />
|avaru<br />
|}<br />
The language cannot use personal terminations, similar to Old Malayalam. Example: ''pōvā'' (will not go) and ''vārā'' (will not come).<ref name=":0" /><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Incubator|code=kev}}<br />
<br />
{{Dravidian languages}}<br />
{{Languages of Tamil Nadu}}<br />
{{Languages spoken in Kerala}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dravidian languages]]<br />
[[Category:Endangered diaspora languages]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Tamil Nadu]]<br />
[[Category:Languages of Kerala]]<br />
<br />
<br />
{{dr-lang-stub}}</div>
->Ser Amantio di Nicolao