103.210.202.134 at 17:43, 15 January 2023

2023-01-15T17:43:36Z

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{{Short description|Kushan emperor from 230 to 247}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name =Kanishka II
| title =[[Kushan]] emperor
| image= KanishkaIIObverse.JPG
| image_size=270
| caption =<small>Coin with a depiction of Kanishka II.</small>
| reign =200–222 CE
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor =[[Vasudeva I]]
| successor =[[Vāsishka]]
| spouse = Shantimala
| issue =
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| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
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|}}
{{Kushan rulers}}
'''Kanishka II''' ([[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]: [[File:Gupta ashoka kaa.svg|12px]][[File:Gupta ashoka nni.jpg|10px]]<sub>[[File:Gupta ashoka ssk.jpg|12px]]</sub> ''Kā-ṇi-ṣka'') was one of the emperors of the [[Kushan Empire]] from around 225–245 CE. He succeeded [[Vasudeva I]] who is considered to be the last great Kushan emperor.<ref name="KR202"/>

==Rule==
While he upheld Kushan rule in northern India, it is likely that Kanishka II lost the western part of his empire, namely [[Bactria]]/[[Tokharistan]] to the Sasanian [[Shapur I]] (240-272 CE), whose conquests would be consolidated by the [[Kushano-Sassanians]].<ref name="KR202">{{cite book |last1=Rezakhani |first1=Khodadad |title=From the Kushans to the Western Turks |date=2017 |page=202 |url=https://www.academia.edu/32671225 |language=en}}</ref> In his inscriptions at [[Naqsh-e Rostam]] Shapur now claimed that he controlled the realm of the Kushans (Kūšān šahr) "up to Purushapura" ([[Peshawar]]), suggesting that he may have expanding even beyond the [[Hindu-Kush]] at the expense of the Kushans.<ref name="KR202"/> The rock inscription at [[Rag-i-Bibi]] further support this view.<ref name="KR202"/>

Several overstrikes by the [[Kushano-Sasanian]] [[Peroz I Kushanshah]] over coins of Kanishka II are known, and it is from the time of Peroz that the first [[Kushano-Sasanian]] coins were issued south of the [[Hindu-Kush]].{{sfn|Cribb|2018|p=20-21}}

Kanishka II may have retaken control of Gandhara at one point, as well as [[Kapiśa]], and there are suggestions that following these successes he may have created a second Era of Kanishka in celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the original one.<ref name="KR202"/>

==Coinage and dated statuary==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
Image:Coin of KanishkaII.jpg|Coin of Kanishka II with [[Oesho]].
Image:KanishkaIIWithArdoksho.JPG|Kanishka II with [[Ardoksho]].
File:Hariti (Gandhara).jpg|Statue of [[Hariti]] from Skarah Dheri, [[Gandhara]], with the inscription "Year 399", probably in the [[Yavana era]], hence 244 CE.<ref name="PC">{{cite book | url=https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/PublicFiles/media/Final%20e-version%20Problems%20of%20Chronology%20in%20Gandharan%20Art.pdf | title=Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art | pages=35-51 | year=2017 | editor1-first=Wannaporn | editor1-last=Rienjang | editor2-first=Peter | editor2-last=Stewart | publisher=Archaeopress | isbn=978-1-78491-856-9 | accessdate=27 May 2021 }}</ref>
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |title=Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017 |date=2018 |publisher=University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress |url=https://archive.org/details/ProblemsOfChronologyInGandharanArt/page/n27}}

==External links==
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-kanishka2.html Online catalogue of coins of Kanishka II]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box
| title = [[Kushan Empire|Kushan Ruler]]
| years =
| before = [[Vasudeva I]]
| after = [[Vasishka]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Kushans}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanishka 02}}
[[Category:Kushan Empire]]
[[Category:3rd-century Indian monarchs]]

Kanishka II - Revision history

103.210.202.134 at 17:43, 15 January 2023