2409:4053:2C97:A178:0:0:CCCB:BD10 at 14:15, 27 August 2021

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{{About|the municipality in Punjab, India|its namesake district|Kapurthala district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=November 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kapurthala
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Jagatjit Club.JPG
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Jagatjit Club, Kapurthala
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31.38|N|75.38|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kapurthala District|Kapurthala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[ Nawab Kapur Singh Virk ]]<ref>http://www.kapurthala.gov.in/origin.aspx</ref>
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Corporation Kapurthala
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 225
| population_total = 101854
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 144 601
| area_code = 01822
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = PB-09
| website =
| footnotes =
|rulers = [[Ahluwalia Dynasty]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}
[[File:Round about of Kapurthala city toward road approaching Jalandhar.jpg|thumb|Round about of Kapurthala city toward road approaching Jalandhar]]

'''Kapurthala''' is a city in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Kapurthala District]]. It was the capital of the [[Kapurthala State]] (ruled by Ahluwalia Dynasty), a [[princely state]] in [[British India]]. The secular and aesthetic mix of the city with its prominent buildings based on [[French architecture|French]] and [[Indo-Saracenic]] architecture self-narrate its princely past. It is also known as city of Palaces & Gardens. According to the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]], Kapurthala is the least populated city in India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/facts/lowcitypopulation.html|title=Top 10 Least Populated Cities of India - Census.co.in}}</ref>

==History==

===Princely state===
{{main|Kapurthala State}}
[[File:Kapurthala flag.svg|thumb|left|Kapurthala flag]]
Kapurthala was once the capital of [[Kapurthala State]], a [[princely state]] in pre-independence India, ruled by the [[Ahluwalia (misl)|Ahluwalia]] [[Sikh]] rulers.
Kapurthala flag has two color background, with insignia and moto that says "pro rege et patria" (in Latin) meaning "For king and country"

==Demographics==
As per provisional data of 2011 census Kapurthala had a population of 101,854, out of which males were 55,485 and females were 46,169. The literacy rate was 85.82 per cent.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-07-07 }}</ref>
{{See also|List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh}}

{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Kapurthala<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/7-kapurthala.html|title=Kapurthala City Population Census 2011 - Punjab}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Sikhism]]|#FFFF00|34.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF6600|62.74}}
{{bar percent|Others|#9955BB|2.49}}}}

==Monuments and buildings==

[[File:Kapurthala Sainik School.jpg|thumb|240px|Sainik School, Kapurthala]]
The City of Kapurthala has several buildings and places of interest linked to its local history such as the Sainik School (Formerly ''Jagatjit Palace''), Shalimar Bagh (Gardens), District Courts buildings, Moorish Mosque, Panch Mandir ("Five Temples"), Clock Tower, State Gurudwara, Kanjli Wetlands, 15,000-capacity field hockey venue [[Guru Nanak Stadium]], Jagjit Club, and the NJSA Government college. The city also have first climatic change theater of country.

===Sainik School (Jagatjit Palace)===
[[File:Jagatjit Palace, Kapurthala.jpg|thumb|Jagatjit Palace, Kapurthala]]
The [[Sainik School, Kapurthala, Punjab, India|Sainik School]], formerly known as Jagatjit Palace, is housed in what was formerly the palace of the erstwhile Maharajah of Kapurthala state, [[Jagatjit Singh Bahadur|Maharajah Jagatjit Singh]]. The palace building's architecture is based on the [[Palace of Versailles]] and [[Fontainebleau]]{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} and is spread over a total area of {{convert|200|acre|km2}}. It was designed by a French architect M. Marcel and built by a local builder Allah Ditta. It was built in renaissance style with the sunken park in the front (Known as Baija). Its [[Durbar (court)|Durbar]] Hall (Diwan-E-Khas) is one of the finest in India,{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} and the [[Plaster of Paris]] figures and painted ceilings represent the finest features of French and Italian art and architecture.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} The construction of this palace was commenced in 1900 and completed in 1908 in time for the new wife of the Maharajah [[Anita Delgado]].

===Elysee Palace===

The Elysee Palace was commissioned by Kanwar [[Bikrama Singh]] and completed in 1862. This building has now been converted into MGN School of Kapurthala.

===Moorish Mosque===
[[File:Moorish Mosque of Kapurthala in the state of Punjab 01.jpg|thumb|Moorish Mosque of Kapurthala]]
An example of the secular history of Kapurthala is the [[Mosque, Kapurthala|Moorish Mosque]], a replica of the Grand Mosque of [[Marakesh]], [[Morocco]], was built by a French architect, Monsieur M Manteaux. Its construction was commissioned by the last ruler of Kapurthala, [[Jagatjit Singh Bahadur|Maharajah Jagatjit Singh]] and took 13 years to complete between 1917 and 1930. It was then consecrated in the presence of the late Nawab of [[Bhawalpur]]. The Mosque's inner dome contains decorations by the artists of the Mayo School of Art, [[Lahore]]. The Mosque is a National Monument under the Archaeological Survey of India. It was one of the monumental creations in the State during the premiership of late Diwan Sir Abdul Hamid Kt., CIE, OBE. It was his keen interest with Maharaja's blessings that the mosque was completed. Its wooden model lay at the entrance of the Lahore Museum.

===Jagatjit Club===
[[File:Jagatjit Club 1.jpg|thumb|Jagatjit Club Facade]]
Jagatjit Club is an elegant building situated in the heart of the city based on the Greek roman style of architecture. Its design loosely resembles the [[Parthenon]] on the [[Acropolis of Athens]] and features the [[Coat of Arms]] of the erstwhile ruling family of Kapurthala with their royal motto "Pro Rege et Patria" (For King and Country) on its pediment. The building has been used for a variety of purposes since it was constructed, it was used as a church in the early nineteenth century, as a cinema hall in the 1940s and now houses a local club which includes a well built badminton court, a card room and a dining hall.

===Shalimar Gardens===

Shalimar Gardens are situated in roughly the centre of the city and provide an escape from the hustle-bustle of the city. The Shahi Samadhs (The Royal Cenotaphs) in the Shalimar Gardens emphasize the traditions of its ruling Dynasty. [[Marble]] [[obelisks]] inside the red [[sandstone]] Chambers, are Memorials to the former Rulers and their families. Nearby, a grand structure built in 1880 and built on a marble plinth, houses the Samadhs of Maharajas Kharak Singh, Jagatjit Singh and Paramjit Singh.

===Panch Mandir (Five Temples)===

Panch Mandir of Kapurthala is a place of reverence for all faiths. The temple complex is home to five small temples. Built during the reign of Sardar Fateh Singh, an extraordinary feature of this temple is that from the entry door, one can view all the five idols and pay obeisance to all. There is a temple Mandir Shivala Dewan Banna Mal Gautam in [[Nawanshahr]] Which is replica of Panch Mandir Kapurthala. Dewan Banna Mal Gautam was Chief Minister of Kapurthala State and Manager of His Highness Maharaja Sir Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala's estates in Oudh.

===The State Gurdwara===

The large and imposing red sandstone building (now painted white) of the State Gurudwara was consecrated in 1915 under the charge of Revail Singh. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, it has vast expanses of marble haloed by the feet of the hundreds of devotees. It is situated in the center of the city on the Sultanpur road. Recently, it is being renovated. There is a big park behind the Gurudwara building.

=== Brahmkund Mandir ===
Mukhi Shiv Ling Brahmkund Temple is the [[Punjabi_folk_religion#Jathera—ancestral_shrines|jathere]] of Gautam Brahmin Family of Dewan Banna Mal Gautam (Misr). This temple was built by Dewan Banna Mal's sons Dewan Acchru Mal Gautam and Dewan Sundri Mal Gautam. Dewan Banna Mal was Dewan of Maharaja Randhir Singh Bahadur of Kapurthala and Manager of Kapurthala's estate in Oudh. Bana Mala Wala village in Mand area of Kapurthala is after Banna Mal's Name and Dewan Banna Mal has also built Shivala Dewa Banna Mal in Nawanshahr.

===Gurudwara Ber Sahib===

The Gurdwara Ber Sahib is situated at [[Sultanpur Lodhi]], which is one of the four sub-divisions ([[Tehsil]]) of Kapurthala. This [https://www.google.com/search?q=historic&rlz=1C1GCEU_enAU875AU875&oq=historic&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.1663j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8&dlnr=1&sei=b0fLXbaQA4vD3LUPkLquuAU historic] site is of great importance to Sikhism as it is said to be the very place where the First Guru of Sikhs, [[Guru Nanak Dev|Guru Nanak]], spent 14 years (14 years 9 months 13 days) of his life . The place derives its name from a ''Ber'' tree ([[Ziziphus mauritiana|Zizyphus Jujuba]]) said to be planted by Guru Nanak himself and under which he first uttered the [[Mul Mantra|Mool Mantra]] or the "Sacred Word or Revelation" of [[Sikhism]].

===Kanjli Wetlands===

Kanjli Wetlands, on the western Bein rivulet at the outskirts of the city, has been included in under the Ramsar Convention. It is a common site for bird watching and boating. An enormous project is currently being undertaken here to develop it into a destination for bird watching replete with modern-day facilities. Sadly the Kanjli Wetlands have been in a state of neglect lately with little attention being given by the authorities to the condition of flora and fauna and its surrounding infrastructure.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
| location = Kapurthala (1981–2010, extremes 1966–1996)
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| Jan record high C = 27.7
| Feb record high C = 28.2
| Mar record high C = 35.0
| Apr record high C = 43.0
| May record high C = 47.7
| Jun record high C = 47.3
| Jul record high C = 45.5
| Aug record high C = 41.2
| Sep record high C = 41.0
| Oct record high C = 38.1
| Nov record high C = 39.0
| Dec record high C = 28.0
| year record high C = 47.7
| Jan high C = 18.2
| Feb high C = 20.8
| Mar high C = 25.6
| Apr high C = 33.4
| May high C = 38.4
| Jun high C = 40.5
| Jul high C = 36.0
| Aug high C = 34.0
| Sep high C = 34.1
| Oct high C = 31.3
| Nov high C = 25.9
| Dec high C = 20.3
| year high C = 29.9
| Jan low C = 5.0
| Feb low C = 7.5
| Mar low C = 11.8
| Apr low C = 17.1
| May low C = 21.8
| Jun low C = 24.0
| Jul low C = 24.0
| Aug low C = 24.8
| Sep low C = 22.6
| Oct low C = 16.9
| Nov low C = 10.8
| Dec low C = 5.8
| year low C = 16.0
| Jan record low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = 1.0
| Mar record low C = 1.8
| Apr record low C = 7.0
| May record low C = 11.8
| Jun record low C = 15.5
| Jul record low C = 14.5
| Aug record low C = 17.8
| Sep record low C = 12.0
| Oct record low C = 8.0
| Nov record low C = 2.0
| Dec record low C = 0.0
| year record low C = 0.0
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 24.1
| Feb rain mm = 32.8
| Mar rain mm = 35.6
| Apr rain mm = 23.3
| May rain mm = 31.9
| Jun rain mm = 29.3
| Jul rain mm = 171.3
| Aug rain mm = 148.6
| Sep rain mm = 109.0
| Oct rain mm = 12.1
| Nov rain mm = 7.3
| Dec rain mm = 12.0
| year rain mm = 637.3
| Jan rain days = 2.1
| Feb rain days = 3.4
| Mar rain days = 3.2
| Apr rain days = 2.3
| May rain days = 2.2
| Jun rain days = 2.3
| Jul rain days = 6.9
| Aug rain days = 7.3
| Sep rain days = 3.8
| Oct rain days = 0.6
| Nov rain days = 0.7
| Dec rain days = 1.3
| year rain days = 36.1
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 75
| Feb humidity = 74
| Mar humidity = 72
| Apr humidity = 62
| May humidity = 60
| Jun humidity = 56
| Jul humidity = 75
| Aug humidity = 83
| Sep humidity = 72
| Oct humidity = 69
| Nov humidity = 70
| Dec humidity = 72
| year humidity = 70
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Kapurthala Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 389–390
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M170
| access-date = 20 January 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Transport==
The City of Kapurthala is well connected with the main transport routes of the Punjab and [[North India|Northern India]]. It is situated 19 km away toward South-West of its closest neighbouring city of [[Jalandhar]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=How to reach Kapurthala|url=https://kapurthala.gov.in/how-to-reach/|access-date=29 August 2020|publisher=Kapurthala district official website}}</ref>

===Road===
Kapurthala is connected to rest of state and India through [[National Highway 703A (India)|National Highway 703A]] and Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg ([[National Highway 703AA (India)|NH 703AA]]).<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 October 2019|title=Kapurthala-Taran Taran road declared as NH- 703 A A named as Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg|work=[[All India Radio|All India Radio (AIR)]]|url=http://www.newsonair.com/News?title=Kapurthala-Taran-Taran-road-declared-as-NH--703-A-A--named-as-Shri-Guru-Nanak-Dev-Ji-Marg&id=373116|access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=18 October 2019|title=NH No. 703AA in Punjab named as Guru Nanak Dev Ji Marg|work=[[DD News]]|url=http://ddnews.gov.in/national/nh-no-703aa-punjab-named-guru-nanak-dev-ji-marg-gadkari|access-date=29 August 2020}}</ref>

===Railway===
The [[Kapurthala railway station]] which is located on [[Jalandhar–Firozpur line]] connects it to all parts of India through two major railway junctions stations of Jalandhar and Firozpur.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Time table of KAPURTHALA (KXH) railway station|url=https://www.raildrishti.in/raildrishti/IRDBStationTimeTable.jsp?stncode=KXH|access-date=29 August 2020|website=Rail Drishti}}</ref>

===Air===
The nearest airport to Kapurthala, [[Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport]] is located at Amritsar, about 75 km away.<ref name=":0" />

==Education==
The main higher education institutions of Kapurthala are -
*G.N.D.U Regional Campus, Fattudhinga, Sultanpur Lodhi, Kapurthala, established in 2013.
*College of Engineering and Management (CEM)
*SD Public School, Sheikhupur, Kapurthala
* [[NJSA Government College]], established in 1856, popularly known as [[Randhir College]], after its founder Randhir Singh of Kapurthala<ref name=tri>{{cite news |title=College of excellence, 150 years ago |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20061001/society.htm#1 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=1 October 2006 }}</ref>
*Anand College of Engineering and Management (ACEM)
*Hindu Kanya College for women
*Bebe Nanki G.N.D.U college Mithra.
* Lord Krishna Polytechnic College (LKPC), Subhnapur road, Kapurthala
* Shaheed Udham Singh College of Technology, Subhanpur Road, Kapurthala.(SUS COLLEGE)
* Sardar swaran singh national institute of bio energy.

There are numerous primary and secondary schools in Kapurthala, notably -

*Anand Public Senior Secondary School
*Bawa Lalvani Public School
*Christ King Convent School, the only [[Indian Certificate of Secondary Education|ICSE]] pattern based convent school in the city
*Dhilwan International Public School (DIPS)
*Govt. Girls Sr. Sec. School Kapurthala (Ghanta Ghar School)
*J.K. Public Senior Secondary School (started by local personality Jhanda Mal Sharma)
*Kendriya Vidyalaya Kapurthala Cantt
*KR Jain DAV Public School
*MDSD Sr Sec School
*MGN Public School
*Onkar Public Senior Secondary School
*Prita Lee Lesson Senior Secondary School
*Sainik School
*Little Angels Co-Ed School
*Randhir School
*GTB International Sr. Sec. School
*Premjot Sr Sec Public School
*Cambridge International School

==Villages in Kapurthala District==

According to census of 2001 there are 618 Villages in Kapurthala District. [[Kala Sanghian]] and [[Dhilwan]] are large towns in kapurthala district. Kapurthala district itself is divided into four sub districts
#[[Bhulath]]
#Kapurthala
#[[Phagwara]]
#[[Sultanpur Lodhi]]
Here is detailed [[:Villages in kapurthala|link]] for villages in Kapurthala district.

==Culture and Films==
*The film '[[Tanu Weds Manu]]' (2011) had some scenes shot in Kapurthala city and [[Kala Sanghian]].
*Kapurthala gives its name to the Kapurthala stomacher, a wedding gift from the Maharajah to [[Mary of Teck]], the future Queen Mary, in 1893.<ref>Royal Collection http://www.royalcollection.org.uk/microsites/royalwedding1947/object.asp?grouping=&exhibs=NONE&object=200188&row=17&detail=about</ref>
*In the 2010 Pakistani drama [[Dastaan (2010 TV series)|Dastaan]], a period drama that is set during the Partition of India, Kapurthala serves as the place where Bano, the main Muslim female character, is kept for nearly five years by a Sikh family.
*Parts of Hindi movie Firangi (2017) were shot at Sainik School Kapurthala (Jagjit Palace). The appearance of the palace is different in the film compared to how it is in reality and it appears that parts of the school building were painted for the film as well the structure was altered using CGI.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Literature==

*Kapurthala is the birthplace of the renowned [[Urdu]] Poet, [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]]. Kapurthala is also the birthplace of the renowned Indian cricketer [[Lala Amarnath]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.kapurthalainfo.com Information about Kapurthala city] - www.kapurthalainfo.com
*[http://www.kapurthala.co.in Kapurthala, a City of Palaces] - www.kapurthala.co.in
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110207222635/http://kapurthalacity.com/ Kapurthala, a City with a Royal Ambiance] - www.kapurthalacity.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713222406/http://www.kapurthalacity.info/ More Information about Kapurthala] - www.kapurthalacity.info
*[http://www.kapurthala.co.in/index.php Kapurthala City, official website] - www.kapurthala.co.in
*[http://www.kapurthala.online Information about Kapurthala city] - www.kapurthalaonline.com

{{Kapurthala district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kapurthala| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kapurthala district]]

Kapurthala - Revision history

2409:4053:2C97:A178:0:0:CCCB:BD10 at 14:15, 27 August 2021