Ajay Kumar at 17:52, 12 August 2023

2023-08-12T17:52:57Z

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{{Short description|Major figure in early Tamil literature}}
{{for|the films|Karaikkal Ammaiyar (1943 film)|Karaikkal Ammaiyar (1973 film)}}
[[File:MET DT7391.jpg|thumb|Karaikkal Ammaiyar, c. 13th century]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2016}}
'''Karaikal Ammaiyar''' (born '''Punītavatī'''), meaning ''"The Revered Mother of [[Karaikal]]"'', is one of the three women amongst the 63 [[Nayanars|Nayanmars]] and one of the greatest figures of early [[Tamil literature]]. She was born in [[Karaikal]], [[South India]], and probably lived during the 5th century AD.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kōmati Cūriyamurtti|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55679869|title=Kāraikkālammaiyār|date=2003|others=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1645-0|oclc=55679869 |edition=1st|language=ta}}</ref> She was a devotee of [[Shiva]].<ref>{{cite book|title=101 Mystics of India|author=V. K. Subramanian|publisher=Abhinav Publications, 2006 - Hindus - 219 pages|page=33}}</ref><ref>Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2018) Recollection of Memories: Hymns of Kāraikkālammaiyār - South Indian Śaiva Iconography. In Sudipa Ray Bandyopadhyay and Swati Mondal Adhikari, eds. ''Śaiva Iconography: A Facet of Indian Art and Culture''. Kolkata: Sagnik Books, pp. 73-92 & 141-147 (Pl.VII.1-13). https://www.academia.edu/37515115/Recollection_of_Memories_Hymns_of_K%C4%81raikk%C4%81lammaiy%C4%81r_-_South_Indian_%C5%9Aaiva_Iconography</ref>

==Early life==
[[File:தெய்வ மாங்கனியை பெறுதல்.jpg|thumb|Ammaiyar gets mango from Shiva|left]]
Karaikal was a maritime trading city in [[Chola Nadu]]. Ammaiyar, whose original name was Punitavati, was born to Dhanadattan in a merchant community known as [[Nattukottai Nagarathar]] (also known as Nattukottai Chettiar).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Nagarathar-children-trace-their-roots/article14571805.ece|title=Nagarathar children trace their roots|date=2016-08-16|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-08-28|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nagaratharikkiyasangam.org/about_nagarathar_1.php|title=Welcome to Nagarathar Ikkiya Sangam|website=nagaratharikkiyasangam.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/zFfFXDx6mTs?t=114|title=Karaikkal Ammaiyar Temple, Karaikkal {{!}} Aalayangal Arputhangal {{!}} 04/01/2016 {{!}} Puthuyugam TV|date=2016-01-04|website=YouTube|publisher=Puthuyugam TV}}</ref> She was married to Paramadattan, a wealthy merchant from [[Nagapattinam]].

==Ammaiyar Image in Cambodia==

'''Banteay Srei''' or '''Banteay Srey''' ({{lang-km|បន្ទាយស្រី}} {{IPA-km|ɓɑntiəj srəj|}}) is a 10th-century [[Cambodia]]n temple dedicated to the [[Hindu]] god [[Shiva]]. Located in the area of [[Angkor]], it lies near the hill of [[Phnom Dei]], {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-east of the main group of temples that once belonged to the medieval capitals of [[Yasodharapura]] and [[Angkor Thom]].<ref name=Higham_p79>Higham, ''The Civilization of Angkor'', p.79.</ref>

===The second enclosure===
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| image1 = Stone bas relief at Banteay Srei in Cambodia from front.jpg
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| caption1 = The combat between Vāli and Sugrīva is depicted on the western gopura.

| image2 = pedlintelsrei 2.JPG
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Śiva Nāṭarāja is depicted on the eastern gopura of the inner enclosure wall.

| header = The second enclosure
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The inner enclosure wall has collapsed, leaving a gopura at the eastern end and a brick shrine at the western. The eastern pediment of the gopura shows Śiva [[Nataraja]]; the west-facing pediment has an image of [[Karaikal Ammaiyar]], one of the three women saints amongst the sixty three [[Nayanmars]] (hounds of Śiva).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/Across-space-and-time/article15941294.ece|title=Across space and time|newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 March 2009|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

== References ==
* Dallapiccola, Anna. ''[[Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend]]'' ({{ISBN|0-500-51088-1}})
* Karavelane (in French). ''Kareikkalammeiyar, oeuvres editees et traduites'', institut francais d'indologie, Pondicherry (1956)
* Jagadeesan, N. ''The Life and Mission of Karaikkal Ammaiyar'' Bhattacharya, N.N. [ed] ''Medieval Bhakti Movements in India'' Munishiram Manoharlal, New Delhi (1989), pages 149–161
*Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2018) Recollection of Memories: Hymns of Kāraikkālammaiyār - South Indian Śaiva Iconography. In Sudipa Ray Bandyopadhyay and Swati Mondal Adhikari, eds. ''Śaiva Iconography: A Facet of Indian Art and Culture''. Kolkata: Sagnik Books, pp. 73–92 & 141-147 (Pl.VII.1-13). '''{{ISBN|978-93-84101-40-4}}'''.
* Schouten, Jan Peter (in Dutch). ''Goddelijke vergezichten – mystiek uit India voor westerse lezers'', Ten Have b.v., Baarn, the Netherlands (1996), {{ISBN|90-259-4644-5}}
* de Bruijn, Peter. ''Kāraikkālammaiyār: Part 1: An iconographical and textual study; Part 2: Poems for Siva'' ({{ISBN|978-90-811564-1-7}}) 2007. 147 pp. colour, B/W plates.
* Craddock, Elaine ''Śiva's Demon Devotee: Kāraikkāl Ammaiyār'', SUNY Press, Albany (2010), {{ISBN|978-1-4384-3087-4}}
* McGlashan, Alastair The History of The Holy Servants of the Lord Siva, page 161 Trafford (2006), {{ISBN|978-1-4120-7914-3}}
* {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&pg=PA31 | page = 31 | title = A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular | volume = 6 | first = Sisir Kumar | last=Das | publisher=Sahitya Akademi | year=2005 | isbn=9788126021710 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.dlshq.org/download/nayanar.htm#_VPID_27 Karaikal Ammaiyar]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170216030317/http://www.stichtingnederlandsrilanka.nl/Extra.htm#Karaikkalammaiyar_in_Sri_Lanka Karaikkal Ammaiyar in Sri Lanka], article in Dutch on Karaikkalammaiyar

==See also==
[[Parayi petta panthirukulam]]

{{Nayanars}}

[[Category:Nayanars|Ammaiyar]]
[[Category:Hindu female religious leaders]]

Karaikkal Ammaiyar - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 17:52, 12 August 2023