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{{Short description|Pakistani admiral (died 2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix = [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Admiral]]
| name = Karamat Rahman Niazi
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = 
| honorific-suffix = [[File:Sitara - i -Jurat .png|30px]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] {{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}}
| image = File:Admiral Karamat Rahman Niazi.jpg
| image_size =
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| order = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]
| office =
| term_start = 22 March 1979
| term_end = 23 March 1983
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| predecessor = Adm [[Mohammad Shariff]]
| successor = Adm [[Tariq Kamal Khan|Tariq Kamal]]
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| pronunciation =
| birth_name = Karamat Rahman Niazi
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], British India
| death_date = 4 May 2021
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| nationality = Pakistani
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| allegiance = {{PAK}}
| branch = [[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|20px]] [[Pakistan Navy]]
| serviceyears = 1948–1983
| rank = [[File:15-Pakistan Navy-ADM.svg|15px]] [[Admiral (Pakistan)|Admiral]]
| unit = [[Pakistan Navy#Branches|Naval Operations Branch]] {{small|[[Service number|(S/No. PN. 214)]]}}{{rp|242}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan" />
| commands = [[Chief of Staff of Pakistan Navy|Vice-Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Commander Pakistan Fleet]] [[Pakistan Navy#Submarine Command of the Pakistan Navy|Submarine Command]]
| battles = [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
| mawards = [[File:Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]{{small|[[Nishan-i-Imtiaz|Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}} [[File:Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|40px]]{{small|[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military)]]}} [[File:Sitara-e-Jurat.png|40px]]{{small|[[Sitara-i-Jurat|Sitara-e-Jurat]]}}
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}}

[[Admiral]] '''Karamat Rahman Niazi''' {{small|{{small|[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] [[Sitara-e-Jurat|SJ]]}}}} ({{lang-ur|{{nq|كرامت رحمٰن نيازى}}}} ; usually shortened to '''K.R. Niazi''') (died 4 May 2021) was a senior officer of [[Pakistan Navy]] who served as the [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]] from 1979 to 1983 of [[Pakistan Navy]].

He was renowned for being the [[Commanding officer|commander]] of the submarine [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|second war]] with [[India]] in 1965, for which he was decorated. In 1979, he took over the command of the [[Pakistan Navy]] as its [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] and worked in close coordination with [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] on the matters of national security throughout the 1980s.

==Biography==
===Naval career and between wars===
[[File:Admiral.K.R.Niazi.jpg|thumb|left|Commander Niazi in [[PNS Ghazi]]]]
Karamat Rahman Niazi was born in [[Hoshiarpur]], [[Punjab, British India|Punjab]], [[British Indian Empire|British India]], to a [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] noble family who belonged to the [[Niazi|Niazi tribe]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com">{{cite web |script-title=ur:پاک بحریہ کے سربراہ۔ وائس ایڈمرل کرامت رحمان نیازی |url=http://www.pakistanconnections.com/history/detail/2015-03-22/2203|website=www.pakistanconnections.com/|publisher=www.pakistanconnections.com/|access-date=10 January 2017|language=ur|date=22 March 1979}}{{dead link|date=December 2022}}</ref> After graduating from a local high school, he [[Commissioned officer|commissioned]] in the [[Pakistan Navy]] as a [[midshipman]] in 1948 in [[Pakistan Navy#Branches|Operations Branch]] and initially did his training at the [[Britannia Royal Naval College]] in [[Dartmouth, England|Dartmouth]] in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/> Upon returning, he was promoted as [[Sub lieutenant|sub-lieutenant]] and his career in the Navy progressed extremely well, eventually being promoted to [[Lieutenant commander|lieutenant-commander]] in 1962.<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com"/>

In 1963, Lieutenant-Commander Niazi was directed to the [[United States]] to complete a training on the submarine operations, and qualified for his training from the {{USS|Angler}}, alongside then-[[Lieutenant]] [[Ahmad Tasnim]].<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001">{{cite web|last1=Amin|first1=Abdul Hameed|title=Remembering Our Warriors - Vice Admiral Tasneem|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2001/may/tasneem.htm|website=www.defencejournal.com|publisher=Defence Journal, 2001|access-date=27 January 2017|location=Karachi, Pakistan|pages=1|language=en|date=May 2001}}</ref> Upon [[Ship commissioning|commissioning]] of PNS ''Ghazi'' in the [[Pakistan Navy|Navy]] in 1963, Niazi was promoted as [[Commander (rank)|commander]] and was the first [[commanding officer]] of the nation's first submarine, ''Ghazi''.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001"/>

On 2 September in 1965, ''Ghazi'' was deployed to [[Mumbai|Bombay coast]] under Niazi's command, initially covertly patrolling the [[Rann of Kutch]] coastal areas.<ref name="Defence Journal, 2001"/> However, his mission was to remain off the Bombay coast and engage only major warships of the [[Indian Navy]] which were close to the [[Karachi coast]].<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium">{{cite web|last1=Shabbir|first1=Usman|title=1965 War: Naval operations|url=http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|website=pakdef.org|publisher=PakDef Military Consortium|access-date=27 January 2017|location=Karachi, Sindh|language=en|date=June 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330222928/http://pakdef.org/1965-war-3/|archive-date=30 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> After the [[Operation Somnath|naval shelling]] by the [[Pakistan Navy]] of [[Dwarka]], India, ''Ghazi'' again returned to patrol off the Rann of Kutch area and identified two warships, but did not engage them.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>

On 17 September 1965, Commander Niazi ordered the firing of three [[Mark 14|Mk. 14]] torpedoes at the [[Leopard-class frigate|INS ''Brahmaputra'']] when it was identified by its navigator officers.<ref>{{Cite web
| last =Lodhi
| first =Sardar F.S.
| author-link =
| title =An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan
| work =Defense Journal (Pakistan)
| publisher =Defense Journal of Pakistan and Lieutenant-General (retired) S.F.S Lodhi
| date =January 2000
| url =http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm
| doi =
| access-date =2 November 2010 }}</ref> He ordered an increase in depth to evade the counter attack, as there were three distant explosions heard.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii">{{cite web|last1=wwiiafterwwii|title=Last voyage of PNS Ghazi 1971|url=https://wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/last-voyage-of-pns-ghazi-1971/|website=wwiiafterwwii|publisher=wwiiafterwwii|access-date=18 November 2016|date=24 December 2022}}</ref> Niazi logged the explosions in the [[War diary|war logs]], but ''Brahmaputra'' was not sunk nor had it released any [[depth charge]]s, as no [[Homing missile|homing signals]] were detected by the submarine's [[computer]]s.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> After a [[Tashkent Agreement|ceasefire]] was enforced by the [[India and Pakistan|two nations]], Niazi decided to continue patrolling the [[Arabian sea]] and safely reported back to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard|its base]] on 23 September 1965.<ref name="PakDef Military Consortium"/>

At [[NHQ (Pakistan Navy)|Navy NHQ]], Niazi submitted his mission report, but did not submit an inquiry report of three mysterious explosions that were heard during the course of the mission.<ref name="wwiiafterwwii"/> Niazi and Lieutenant-Commander [[Ahmad Tasnim|Tasnim]] were publicly decorated with [[Sitara-e-Jurat]] by [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Ayub Khan (general)|Ayub Khan]] for their actions.{{rp|165–166}}<ref name="Roli Books Private Limited">{{cite book|last1=Cardozo|first1=Ian|title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories|date=1999|publisher=Roli Books Private Limited|isbn=9789351940999|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=Niazi+PNS+ghazi&pg=PT28|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Manohar, 1998">{{cite book|last=Niaiz|first=Amir Abdullah Khan|title=The Betrayal of East-Pakistan|year=1998|publisher=Manohar, 1998|location=University of Michigan|isbn=978-81-7304-256-0|pages=316–320}}</ref><ref>[http://www.defence.pk/forums/naval-forces/34672-pakistan-navy-submarines-silent-force-reckon.html "Pakistan Navy Submarines: A Silent Force to Reckon with!"] ''Pakistan Defence website'', 20 September 2009</ref>

Niazi commanded ''Ghazi'' until 1967 before being promoted to [[Captain (naval)|captain]] and taking a [[staff officer|staff assignment]] at Navy NHQ.<ref name="www.pakistanconnections.com" />

In 1971, he was promoted to [[Commodore (rank)|commodore]] and temporarily held the rank of [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]] to assume the [[Pakistan Navy#Submarine Command of Pakistan Navy|Submarine Command]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|third war]] with [[India]].{{rp|325}}<ref name="Manohar, 1998"/> In 1972, Commodore Niazi assumed the command of the [[Pakistan Navy#Naval Commands in Field and Commanders|Pakistan Fleet]] before being selected to attend the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] in [[Islamabad]] to complete a [[master's degree]] in [[strategic studies]], also in 1972.{{rp|240}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995">{{cite book|last1=Sirohey |first1=Iftikhar Ahmed |authorlink1=Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |title=Truth Never Retires: An Autobiography of Admiral Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey |date=1995 |publisher=Jang Publishers |location=Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |isbn=978-1606350034 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-IHjAAAAMAAJ&q=rear+admiral+kr++niazi+ |access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>

Upon graduating in 1976, his promotion in the Navy was extremely quick due to the dismissal of senior [[Flag officer|flag ranking]] officers. He was immediately promoted to [[Two-star admiral|two-star]] [[Rear admiral|rear-admiral]], becoming the senior [[Fleet Commander|fleet commander]] as the head of the Pakistan Fleet.{{rp|242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/> In 1977, he was promoted as [[Vice admiral|vice-admiral]] and appointed [[Vice Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)]], where he was instrumental in incorporating new ideas on [[anti-submarine warfare]] methods.{{rp|241–242}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995"/>

===Chief of Naval Staff===
[[Vice-Admiral]] Niazi was promoted as [[Four-star rank|four-rank]] admiral in the Navy and assumed command of the Navy from Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] as its [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] on 22 March 1979.{{rp|242}}<ref name="The Gazette of Pakistan">{{cite book|title=The Gazette of Pakistan|date=1979|publisher=The Gazette of Pakistan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sb1PAQAAMAAJ&q=vice+admiral+will+be+for+a |access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> Admiral Niaz was honored with [[Nishan-i-Imtiaz]] (Military), which is awarded to all the services chiefs upon taking over their respective commands by the President.{{rp|250}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" />

As Chief of Naval Staff, he played a crucial role in stabilizing the [[Zia regime|administration]] of [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] and was appointed [[martial law administrator]] under President Zia.{{rp|115}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Asia & Pacific Annual Review|year=1979 |publisher=World of Information |isbn=9780904439144 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0pEUAQAAMAAJ&q=karamat+rahman+niazi+1971|access-date=28 January 2017 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|251}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980">{{cite book|last=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses|title=Strategic analysis: The Naval dictatorship|year=1980|publisher=Institute for Defense Studies and Analyses., 1980|location=University of California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zTcsAAAAIAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rehman+niazi}}</ref> Admiral Niazi worked in close coordination with Zia on the national security issues, including those involving internal security.{{rp|69–71}}<ref name="Library of Congress">{{cite book|last=Wirsing|first=Robert|title=Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988§ The war in Afghanistan: The interventionist imperative|year=1991|publisher=Library of Congress|location=Washington D.C.|isbn=0-312-06067-X|pages=69–71|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2vOQT18zlWUC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA71}}</ref>

After the [[Soviet Union]] [[Soviet–Afghan War|intervened]] in neighboring [[Communist Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], Admiral Niazi gave authorization to the Navy's depot command in Karachi to store arms and weapons bought by the [[United States]] under a [[Operation Cyclone|covert operation]] to [[United States and state-sponsored terrorism|secretly arm]] the [[Afghan mujahideen]] fighting the Soviet Union.{{rp|261–400}}<ref name="Jang Publishers 1995" /><ref name="Ashgate Publishing Limited">{{cite book|last=Hilali|first=A.Z.|title=U.S.-Pakistan relations: The Russian war in Afghanistan|year=2005|publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited|location=Burlington, VT, United States|isbn=0-7546-4220-8|pages=129–131|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nhqRa0glD9oC&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi&pg=PA131}}</ref> His interests in the country's [[Economy of Pakistan|economy]] was also noted when aiding in preparation of federal budgets.<ref name="Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988">{{cite web|last=Economical History of Eastern Europe and Pakistan|title=Pakistan Economic review, Volume 19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksXsAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+karamat+rahman+niazi|work=the University of Michigan|year=1988|publisher=Economic & Industrial Publications., 1988|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> During the same time, he maintained close ties with the [[People's Republic of China]] and held discussion on upgrading the existing naval infrastructure in the country.{{rp|118}}|<ref>{{cite book|last1=Analyses|first1=Institute for Defence Studies and|title=News Review on Science and Technology|date=April 1981|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snYoAQAAMAAJ&q=admiral+kr+niazi+china|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en}}</ref> His tenure lasted only three years, and he retired on 22 March 1983, handing over command of the Navy to Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian Recorder|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C51tAAAAMAAJ&q=admiral+niazi+china|publisher=K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=1 January 1983}}</ref>

==Post-retirement==

After his retirement, Admiral K.R. Niazi lived a very quiet life and lived on [[Pensions in Pakistan|military pension]].<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis">{{cite web|last1=Upadhyay|first1=P. K|title=From FATA to South Punjab: The Looming Leap of Islamic Radicalism in Pakistan— Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses|url=http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/IslamicRadicalisminPakistanFromFATAtoSouthPunjab_pkupadhyay_301109|website=www.idsa.in|publisher=Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis|access-date=28 January 2017|language=en|date=30 November 2022}}</ref> He did not seek public office, but became a member of ''[[Tablighi Jamaat]]'' in his later life serving on [[Islamic missionary activity|missionary activities]] throughout his life.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>

On 23 January 2008, Admiral Niazi was among the retired senior military officers from the Ex-Servicemen Association who called for [[President of Pakistan|President]] [[Parvez Musharraf]]'s resignation in order to pave the way for a complete restoration of [[Pakistani democracy|democracy]] and [[Law and order in Pakistan|law and order]] in the country.<ref>{{Cite web | last =Staff Report | author-link = | title =Retired generals, officers of other ranks urge Musharraf to step down | publisher = | date =23 January 2008 | url =http://www.naitazi.com/2008/01/23/retired-generals-officers-of-other-ranks-urge-musharraf-to-step-down/ | format = | doi = }}</ref> In 2009 and 2014, it was reported that Admiral Niazi had been secretly monitored by the [[Federal Investigation Agency|FIA]] for his alleged and controversial activities in the country, though no charges were ever leveled against him.<ref name="Institute of Defence Studies and Analysis"/>

== Awards and decorations ==
{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}&ensp;{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hilal-e-Imtiaz.png|width=130}}&ensp;{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Jurat.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Diffa.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War Ribbon.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War.png|width=130}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam.png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Republic Medal 1956 (Pakistan).png|width=130}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|ribbon=Hijri Tamgha.png|width=130}}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
|'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]]'''
'''[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Order of Excellence)''
| colspan="2" |[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|'''Hilal-e-Imtiaz''']]
'''[[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|(Military)]]'''

''(Crescent of Excellence)''
|'''[[Sitara-e-Jurat]]'''
''(Star of Courage)''

'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]]'''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Diffa]]'''
''(General Service Medal)''

'''1. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965|1965 War]] Clasp'''

'''2. [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|1971 War]] Clasp'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War]]'''
''(War Star 1965)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign%20/%20war%20medals|Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War]]'''
''(War Star 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign / war medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1965)''
|-
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Campaign%20/%20war%20medals|Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War]]'''
''(War Medal 1971)''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-]]'''
'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam]]'''

''(100th Birth Anniversary of''

''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]])''

'''1976'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Tamgha-e-Jamhuria]]'''
''(Republic Commemoration Medal)''

'''1956'''
|'''[[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces#Commemorative medals|Hijri Tamgha]]'''
''(Hijri Medal)''

'''1979'''
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Official website of Pakistan Navy]

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mohammad Shariff]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]|years=1979–1983}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tariq Kamal Khan]]}}
{{end}}

{{Pakistan Navy Staff Chief}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Niazi, Karamat Rahman}}
[[Category:Date of birth missing]]
[[Category:Pashtun people]]
[[Category:People from Karachi]]
[[Category:Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]
[[Category:Submarine commanders]]
[[Category:Pakistan Navy admirals]]
[[Category:Admirals of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Naval Staff (Pakistan)]]
[[Category:Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)]]
[[Category:People of the Soviet–Afghan War]]
[[Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:2008 controversies]]
[[Category:Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan politicians]]
[[Category:Pakistani Muslim activists]]
[[Category:Pakistani Islamists]]
[[Category:Controversies in Pakistan]]
[[Category:2014 controversies]]
[[Category:People from Mianwali District]]
[[Category:2021 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

Karamat Rahman Niazi - Revision history

Bot at 15:05, 27 October 2022