https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Karana-kutuhalaKarana-kutuhala - Revision history2026-08-01T01:24:21ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Karana-kutuhala&diff=508516&oldid=prevClariceLinderman at 00:38, 14 April 20262026-04-14T00:38:00Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|1183 CE Sanskrit-language book on jyotisha (astrology and astronomy) by Bhaskara II}}<br />
{{Infobox book<br />
| name = Karana-kutuhala<br />
| author = [[Bhaskara II]]<br />
| title_orig = करणकुतूहल<br />
| orig_lang_code = sa<br />
| country = ancient India<br />
| language = [[Sanskrit]]<br />
| subject = [[jyotihshastra|jyotisha]] ([[astrology and astronomy]])<br />
| genre = ''karana'' (concise exposition of astronomy)<br />
| published = 1183 CE<br />
| preceded_by = [[Siddhanta Shiromani]]<br />
}}<br />
'''''Karana-kutuhala''''' ([[IAST]]: ''Karaṇakutūhala'') is a 1183 CE [[Sanskrit]]-language book on [[jyotihshastra|jyotisha]] ([[astrology and astronomy]]) by [[Bhaskara II]], a [[mathematician]]-[[astronomer]] from present-day India.<br />
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== Date and authorship ==<br />
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[[Bhāskara II|Bhaskara II]] wrote ''Karana-kutuhala'' (literally, "Calculation of Astronomical Wonders") in 1183 CE.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Ronald Calinger |title=Classics of Mathematics |year=1999 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=9780023183423 |page=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zXnwAAAAMAAJ }}</ref><br />
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Alternative titles for ''Karana-kutuhala'' include ''Karaṇakutūhalam'', ''Khetakarma'', ''Graha-gama-kutuhala'', ''Brahma-tulya'', and ''Vidagdha-buddhi-vallabha''.<ref name="CESS"/> As the name suggests, the book is a ''[[karana (astronomy)|karana]]'' text, that is, a concise exposition of astronomy. Bhaskara's ''Karana-kutuhala'' was followed by Indian [[Astronomer|astronomers]] for several centuries, during which no other ''karana'' text was produced, until [[Ganesha Daivajna|Ganesha]] composed ''Graha-laghava'' or ''Siddhanta-rahasya'' in the early 16th century.<ref name="DP_1981"/><br />
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The text was popular in west and north-west India,<ref name="DP_1981"/> and survives in form of over 150 manuscripts.<ref name="CESS"/><br />
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== Contents ==<br />
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''Karana-kutuhala'' condenses and approximates many computational formulae from Bhaskara's earlier work, the ''[[Siddhanta Shiromani]]'', in accordance with the ''Brahma-paksha'' sunrise-epoch astronomical school. It uses the epoch of sunrise on 23-24 February 1183 of the [[Julian calendar]] (1 Chaitra [[Shaka era|Shaka]] 1105).<ref name="AM_2020"/><br />
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The text contains following chapters:<ref name="CESS">{{cite book |editor=David Pingree |editor-link=David Pingree |title=Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit Series A |volume=4 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |year=1981 |url=https://archive.org/details/PingreeCESS/Pingree_CESS_A1_1970/ |pages=322–326 }}</ref><br />
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* ''Nabhoga-madhya-sadhana''<br />
* ''Sphuta-kriya''<br />
* ''Tri-prashna''<br />
* ''Sashanka-parva-sadhana''<br />
* ''Ravi-graha-sadhana''<br />
* ''Grahodayashta-sadhana''<br />
* ''Shrngonnatipra-sadhana''<br />
* ''Grahottha-yoga-sadhana''<br />
* ''Pata-sadhana''<br />
* ''Ravindu-parva-sambhava''<br />
* ''Niradarka-vichara''<br />
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== Commentaries and derivative texts ==<br />
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Several later writers composed commentaries on the ''Karana-kutuhala''. These include:<ref name="DP_1981">{{cite book |author=David Pingree |title=Jyotiḥśāstra: Astral and Mathematical Literature |series=A History of Indian Literature |year=1981 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |isbn=3-447-02165-9 |pages=35–36 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0UIAQAAIAAJ }}</ref><br />
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* ''Brahma-tulya-bhashya'' (c. 1370) by Ekanatha, at Mahandanagara, probably in west India<br />
* ''Narmadi'' (c. 1400) by Padmanabha, probably in west India<br />
* ''Karana-kutuhala-tika'' (before 1462) by Sodhala<br />
* ''Brahma-tulyodaharana'' (1612) by Vishvanatha, at [[Varanasi]]<br />
* ''Ganaka-kumuda-kaumudi'' (1621) by Sumati-harsha Gani, near Vindhyadri<br />
* ''Karana-kutuhala-tika'' (before 1658) by Chandi-dasa<br />
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''Brahmatulya-sarani'' (literally "Tables of/for the ''Brahmatulya''"), an anonymous Sanskrit text from the 16th or the 17th century, contains astronomical tables and versified instructions based primarily on the ''Karana-kutuhala''.<ref name="AM_2020">{{cite book |editor1=Anuj Misra |editor2=[[Clemency Montelle]] |editor3=[[Kim Plofker]] |title=The Sanskrit Astronomical Table Text Brahmatulyasāraṇī: Numerical Tables in Textual Scholarship |year=2020 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004432222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujcHEAAAQBAJ |page=9 }}</ref><br />
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A critical edition of the text by Madhava Shastri Purohita, with Sumati-harsha's commentary, was published in 1901.<ref name="CESS"/><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* ''[https://archive.org/details/karnakutuhalabhaskaracharyaganakakumudakaumudisumatiharshavasanavibhushanasudhak_246_b Karaṇa-kutūhala]'' (1991), Sanskrit text with two Sanskrit commentaries (Sumatiharsa's ''Ganaka-kumuda-kaumudi'' and Sudhakar Dwivedi's ''Vasanavi-bhushana'') and a Hindi translation by Satyendra Mishra<br />
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[[Category:Indian astronomy texts]]<br />
[[Category:12th-century Sanskrit literature]]<br />
[[Category:1183 works]]<br />
[[Category:1180s books]]</div>ClariceLinderman