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{{more citations needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Karimganj district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Assam|District]] of [[Assam]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Longai River, as seen from Karimganj town, Assam..JPG
| image_caption = [[Longai River]] near [[Karimganj]]
| image_map = India Assam Karimganj district map.svg
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of Assam|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Barak Valley]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Karimganj]]
| parts_type = [[Tehsils of India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 =
| area_total_km2 = 1809
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 1228686
| population_footnotes = <ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web|year=2011|title=District census 2011 - Karimganj|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/18/1818_PART_A_DCHB_KARIMGANJ.pdf|url-status=live|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>
| population_urban =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 79.72%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 961
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name = [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]] (shared with Hailakandi district)
| leader_title1 = [[Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name1 = [[Ratabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratabari]], [[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]], [[Karimganj North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj North]], [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]], [[Badarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badarpur]]
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 =
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://karimganj.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
}}

'''Karimganj district''' is one of the 34 [[List of districts of Assam|districts]] of the [[India]]n state of [[Assam]]. [[Karimganj]] town is both the administrative headquarters district and the biggest town of this district. It is located in southern Assam and borders [[Tripura]] and the [[Sylhet Division]] of [[Bangladesh]]. It makes up the [[Barak Valley]] alongside [[Hailakandi district|Hailakandi]] and [[Cachar district|Cachar]]. Karimganj was previously part of the [[Greater Sylhet|Sylhet District]] before the [[Partition of India]]. It became a district in 1983.

==History==
After the [[Conquest of Gour]] in 1303, many disciples of [[Shah Jalal]] migrated and settled in present-day Karimganj where they preached Islam to the local people. Syed Abu Bakr migrated to Chhotalekha, [[Adam Khaki]] and Shah Syed Badruddin to Badarpur and Shah Sikandar to Bundasil (Deorail).

During the 15th century, an independent state was established in the region by a landowner named Malik Pratap, who seceded it from its previous rulers, the [[Manikya dynasty]] of [[Twipra Kingdom|Tripura]]. This state, named the [[Pratapgarh Kingdom]], ruled there for several centuries and came into conflict with the neighbouring monarchs of [[Bengal]] and [[Kachari Kingdom|Kachar]]. Pratapgarh was eventually conquered by the latter during the early 17th century.<ref>{{Citation|last=Chaudhury|first=A.K. Dutta|title=Some aspects of socioeconomic conditions of Karimganj since independence with special reference to community development|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/66339/5/05_chapter%201.pdf|pages=XI–XIV|year=1979|publisher=Gauhati University|location=Gauhati}}</ref>

During the [[partition of India]] 1946–47, a plebiscite was held so as to decide which whether Sylhet region covering entire [[Sylhet]], Moulovi Bazaar, Karimganj would remain in India or join the newly formed Pakistan. [[Abdul Matlib Mazumdar]] was one of the silent Indian freedom fighters who led a delegation before Radcliffe commission to ensure Greater Sylhet region remained with India/Assam. But on stern demands of the [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]], and with support of top leaders of Assam then,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/south-asia/2018/08/13/how-the-1947-sylhet-partition-led-to-assam-s-politics-of-the-foreigner |title = How the 1947 Sylhet partition led to Assam's politics of the foreigner|date = 13 August 2018|access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> plebiscite was held where Sylhet region (including Karimganj) voted to go with Pakistan, winning by a very small margin. The referendum was held in July 1947, and the ayes for Pakistan won by a razor-thin margin. There were allegations of rigging and bogus votes, but that was only to be expected, whichever side won.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/Sundayapp/IxXTuIQ4c4WuXaVZZLhuTJ/My-memories-of-partition.html | title=My memories of partition| date=15 August 2017 |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref> Sylhet was gifted to [[East Pakistan]] with Karimganj being divided and handed over to India/Assam reason stated to let India have proper connectivity with [[Tripura]]. The [[Kushiyara River]] was made the river border between India & East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Parts of Greater Karimganj including [[Beanibazar Upazila|Beani-Bazar]], [[Barlekha Upazila|Barlekha]], Shahpur and [[Zakiganj Upazila|Zakiganj]] fell under [[East Pakistan]] and Karimganj was given to India.

==Geography==
[[File:Kachar Hills , Silchar (114).jpeg|thumb|A typical house of Karimganj|left]]
Karimganj district occupies an area of {{convert|1809|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Alaska]]'s [[Afognak Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | access-date = 11 October 2011 | date = 18 February 1998 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Afognak 1,809km2}}</ref> It is bordered on the north east by [[Cachar District]], east and south by [[Hailakandi district]], south by [[Mizoram]], southwest by [[Tripura]] state, and on the west and northwest by [[Bangladesh]]. [[Karimganj]], the administrative headquarters and main town of the district also bears the same name, that is, Karimganj. Karimganj town is located on the northern fringe of the district adjoining Bangladesh, by the river [[Kushiyara River|Kushiyara]].

Its distance from [[Guwahati]] - the largest city of [[Assam]] - is approximately 330 km by road and about 350 km by rail. Distances of other important places are : [[Silchar]] - 55 km, [[Shillong]] - 220 km, [[Agartala]] - 250 km. Flanked on two sides by the rivers [[Kushiyara River|Kushiyara]] and Longai, Karimganj town is located just on the Bangladesh border with the river Kushiyara flowing in between. One prominent feature of the place is a long and winding canal called Noti Khal meandering through the town. Earlier, it used to be a connecting river way between Kushiyara and Longai facilitating river communication and also balancing of water-levels between the two rivers. Now, however, this canal has been blocked at several places through embankments and landfills to pave way for road transport and construction works. Karimganj and the Barak valley has been prone to serious flooding for decades. The recent floods that did significant damage were in 1976, 1988 and 2007.<ref>http://www.dartmouth.edu/~floods/Archives/2008sum.htm</ref><ref>Phanindra Goyari. "Flood Damages and Sustainability of Agriculture in Assam." Economic and Political Weekly 40, no. 26 (2005): 2723-729. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4416819].</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/webarchives|title=Web Archives|website=www.worldbank.org|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>

The forests of Karimganj were once rich in wildlife but now vanishing due to human onslaught.<ref name="Talukdar, N.R. 2017">Talukdar, N.R., Choudhury, P. (2017). Conserving wildlife wealth of Patharia Hills reserve Forest, Assam, India: a critical analysis. ''Global Ecology and Conservation'' 10:126–138.</ref> Rare species found are Tiger, Hoolock gibbon, Porcupine, Golden Langur (Hanuman), Monkey, Fox, Asian Elephant, Giant river otter, macaw parrots, Parakeets, Hornbill, Maina, different types of local and migratory birds, Snakes, Coypubara (2nd largest rodent in world) etc., have been recorded.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1999). Status and Conservation of the Asian elephant ''Elephas maximus'' in north-eastern India. ''Mammal Review'' 29(3): 141-173.</ref><ref>Choudhury, A.U. (2004). Vanishing habitat threatens Phayre’s leaf monkey. ''The Rhino Found. NE India Newsletter'' 6:32-33.</ref> The Patharia hills reserve forest of the district is the habitat of many mammals and was recommended to upgrade as 'Patharia hills wildlife sanctuary'.<ref name="Talukdar, N.R. 2017"/> The southern part was also recommended as 'Dhaleswari' wildlife sanctuary.<ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1983). Plea for a new wildlife refuge in eastern India. ''Tigerpaper'' 10(4):12-15.</ref><ref>Choudhury, A.U. (1983). Plea for a new wildlife sanctuary in Assam. ''WWF - India Newsletter'' 4(4):15.</ref>

==Economy==
[[File:Paddy across Karimganj.jpeg|thumb|Karimganj is an agricultural district]]
Karimganj town is an important centre of trade and commerce in the North East India. Its river port, with elaborate infra-structures like cargo-terminal, jetty, warehouses etc., is capable of handling large volumes of cargoes carried by steamers plying through [[Waterways|river ways]] via Bangladesh. Karimganj is also a border trade centre and import-export business worth crores of rupees is carried out through the custom trade point at Dakbangla Ghat in the town and Sutarkandi Custom Station.

Karimganj is an agricultural district. Historically, tea has been the major agricultural product of Cachar region including Karimganj.<ref>{{cite book|title=Socio-economic and Political Problems of Tea Garden Workers: A Study of Assam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OsLGZKYP5MC&pg=PR7|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-8324-098-7|page=66}}</ref> Sugarcane is also grown in the district for sugar and Gur production.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

==Administration==
===Divisions===
Karimganj District has one sub-division. The district has 5 [[tehsil]]s or development circles ([[Karimganj]], [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]], [[Nilambazar]], [[Patharkandi]] and [[Ramkrishna Nagar]]), two urban areas (Karimganj and Badarpur) 3 towns (Karimganj, Badarpur, and [[Badarpur Railway Town]]), 7 community development blocks (North Karimganj, South Karimganj, [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]], [[Patharkandi]], Ramkrishna Nagar, Dullavcherra and Lowairpoa), 7 police stations ([[Karimganj]], [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]], Ramkrishna Nagar, [[Patharkandi]], Ratabari, [[Nilambazar]], and Bazarichara), 96 [[gram panchayat]]s, and seven anchalik panchayats.

There are five [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] constituencies in this district: Ratabari, Patharkandi, Karimganj North, Karimganj South, and Badarpur.<ref name="ceo1">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Revenue & Election District wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074811/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.1%20-%20DEOs%20wise%20ACs%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref> Ratabari is designated for [[scheduled caste]]s.<ref name="ceo1"/> All five are in the [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="ceo2">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies showing their Parliamentary Constituencies wise break - up |url=http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Assam website |access-date=26 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322074903/http://ceoassam.nic.in/Gen_Informations/2.2%20-%20PC-wise%20LAC%20breakup.pdf |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:New BG station, Karimganj Junction.jpg|thumb|New BG station, Karimganj Junction]]
[[File:Another view of New BG station, Karimganj Junction.jpg|thumb|upright|Another view of New BG station, Karimganj Junction]]
Karimganj town is linked via both rail and road transport with the rest of India. Karimganj town is a railway junction and [[broad gauge]] lines connecting Tripura with Assam pass through this station. [[Badarpur railway station]] is the biggest junction of the district. The most popular mode of passenger transport, however, is by road. A good number of buses - mostly night services - ply between Karimganj and [[Guwahati]] daily. Direct long-distance bus services are also available to Shillong, Agartala, [[Aizawl]] and so on. Communication with Silchar, [[Badarpur, Assam|Badarpur]], [[Patharkandi]] and other nearby places is also mainly dependent on road transport, with services by all sorts of light and heavy vehicles available at frequent intervals. The nearest airport is [[Kumbhirgram Airport|Kumbhirgram]] (85 km) near Silchar - the headquarters of the adjacent district of [[Cachar]]. Karimganj town is also an important river port and has seasonal cargo and freight transport links with [[Kolkata]] through river ways via Bangladesh.

===Sutarkandi international border crossing===
'''Sutarkandi international border crossing''' on [[Bangladesh–India border]] on Karimganj-[[Beanibazar Upazila|Beanibazar]] route is in Karimganj district of Assam in India.

==Demographics==

===Population===
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Karimganj district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,228,686,<ref name=districtcensus/> roughly equal to the nation of [[Bahrain]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | access-date = 1 October 2011 | quote = Bahrain 1,214,705 July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[New Hampshire]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|title=2010 Resident Population Data
|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau
|access-date=30 September 2011 |quote=New Hampshire 1,316,470
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118011236/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
|archive-date=18 November 2011 }}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 392nd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 673 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 20.74%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Karimganj has a [[sex ratio]] of 961 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 79.72%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 12.85% and 0.16% of the population respectively.<ref name=districtcensus/>

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=2,15,521|13=1911|14=2,43,399|15=1921|16=2,51,172|17=1931|18=2,66,007|19=1941|20=2,91,320|21=1951|22=3,78,324|23=1961|24=4,65,198|25=1971|26=5,82,108|27=1991|28=8,27,063|29=2001|30=10,07,976|31=2011|32=12,28,686|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html|title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|website=www.censusindia.gov.in|access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref>|align=middle}}

===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Karimganj district (2011)<ref name="Religion"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#008000|56.36}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|42.48}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.98}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.18}}
}}

Religious demographics are as follows:<ref name="Religion"/>
* Muslims ([[File:Star and Crescent.svg|18px]]) - 692,489
* Hindus ([[File:Om.svg|15px]]) - 521,962
* Christians ([[File:ChristianitySymbol.svg|17px]]) - 11,990.

According to [[2011 Indian Census]], the [[Muslims]] form a slight majority in the district constituting 56.4% of the population, with [[Hindus]] at 42.5% of the population, followed by 1.0% [[Christians]]. Small populations of Jain, Buddhists and Sikhs also reside in the district.<ref name="Religion">{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>

===Language===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Languages in Karimganj district (2011)<ref name="censuslang">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Karimganj |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1800.XLSX |website=censusindia.gov.in |access-date=16 August 2020}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|value1 = 86.84
|color1 = salmon
|label2 = [[Hindi]]
|value2 = 5.70
|color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Bishnupriya Manipuri language|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]
|value3 = 2.00
|color3 = yellowgreen
|label4 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
|value4 = 1.65
|color4 = peachpuff
|label5 = Others
|value5 = 3.81
|color5 = grey
}}
According to the 2011 census, 86.84% of the district spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 5.70% [[Hindi]], 2.00% [[Bishnupriya Manipuri language|Bishnupriya Manipuri]] and 1.65% [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] as their first language.<ref name="censuslang"/>

Notable minority languages include [[Bishnupriya Manipuri language|Bishnupriya Manipuri]] and [[Meitei language|Meitei]]. There are also a small tribal communities like [[Hrangkhol people|Hrangkhol]], [[Kuki peoples|Kuki]], [[Khasi people|Khasi]], [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]] and [[Sakachep people|Sakachep]].

== Notable people ==
* [[Siddique Ahmed]], MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]
* [[Syed Mujtaba Ali]], author, journalist, travel enthusiast, academic, scholar and linguist
* [[Syed Murtaza Ali]], author, and historian
* [[Radheshyam Biswas]], former MP for [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
* [[Achyut Charan Choudhury]], historian
* [[Khaled Choudhury]], theatre personality
* [[Najib Ali Choudhury]], Islamic scholar and founder of Assam's first madrasa ([[Madinatul Uloom Bagbari]])
* [[Dwarka Nath Das]], former MP for [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
* [[Mission Ranjan Das]], former MLA of [[Karimganj North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj North]] (1991-1996) & (1999-2006)
* [[Nepal Chandra Das]], former MP for [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
* [[Gurusaday Dutt]], folklorist
* [[Ketaki Prasad Dutta]], former president of the District Sports Association, Karimganj
* [[Shukhendu Shekhar Dutta]], former MLA of [[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]]
* [[Zohurul Hoque]], translator of the Qur'an into Bengali, Assamese and English
* [[Adam Khaki]], 14th-century Sufi missionary
* [[Aziz Ahmed Khan (politician)|Aziz Ahmed Khan]], former MLA of [[Karimganj South (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj South]]
* [[Bijoy Malakar]], MLA of [[Ratabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratabari]]
* [[Kripanath Mallah]], MP of [[Karimganj (Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency),|Karimganj]] former Deputy Speaker in the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Sambhu Sing Mallah]], former MLA of [[Ratabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratabari]]
* [[Krishnendu Paul]], MLA of [[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]]
* [[Kamalakhya Dey Purkayastha]], MLA of [[Karimganj North (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Karimganj North]]
* [[Ramapayare Rabidas]], former MLA of [[Ratabari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratabari]]
* [[Kartik Sena Sinha]], former MLA of [[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]]
* [[Lalit Mohan Suklabaidya]], former MP for [[Karimganj (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimganj]]
* [[Madhusudhan Tiwari]], former MLA of [[Patharkandi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patharkandi]] (1991-1996)
* [[Abu Saleh Najmuddin]], former MLA of [[Badarpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Badarpur]] (1991-1996), (1996-2001), and former [[Minister (government)|Minister]] of [[Assam]].
* [[Jamal Uddin Ahmed (MLA)]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://karimganj.gov.in/ Karimganj District official website]
* [http://www.facebook.com/ KarimganjTown]
* [http://www.karimganj.com/ Karimganj District KARIMGANJ ONLINE]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080511175318/http://silchartoday.com/tour_travels/assam/silchar/karimganj_home.htm About Karimganj]
* [http://www.gloriousindia.com/places/as/karimganj.html Karimganj District]
* [[Barak Valley]]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Karimganj district
|North = ''[[Bangladesh]]''
|Northeast =
|East = [[Hailakandi district]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[Mamit district]], [[Mizoram]]
|Southwest = [[North Tripura district]], [[Tripura]]
|West = ''[[Bangladesh]]''
|Northwest =
}}

{{Assam}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|24.8667|N|92.3500|E|type:adm3rd_source:itwiki|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Karimganj District}}
[[Category:Karimganj district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:1983 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]

Karimganj district - Revision history

imported>Yamaguchi先生 at 17:06, 3 August 2021