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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Karmanasa River
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]]
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]]
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| length = {{convert|192|km|mi|abbr=on}}
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| width_avg =385 ft
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| source1 =
| source1_location = Sarodag, [[Kaimur district]], [[Kaimur Range]]
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| source1_elevation = {{convert|350|m|abbr=on}}
| mouth = [[Ganges]]
| mouth_location = Chausa
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|25|30|54|N|83|52|30|E|display=inline,title}}
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The '''Karmanasa River''' ({{lang-hi|कर्मनाशा नदी}}) is a tributary of the [[Ganges]]. It originates in [[Kaimur district]] of [[Bihar]] and flows through the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|states]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]]. Along the boundary between Uttar Pradesh and Bihar it has the districts of [[Sonbhadra district|Sonbhadra]], [[Chandauli district|Chandauli]], [[Varanasi district|Varanasi]] and [[Ghazipur district|Ghazipur]] on its left (UP side); and the districts of [[Kaimur district|Kaimur]] and [[Buxar district|Buxar]] on its right (Bihar side).<ref name=kaimur>{{cite web|url=http://kaimur.bih.nic.in/RSVY/RSVY-Revised%20Final/RSVY_Kaimur.pdf |title=RASHTRIYA SAM VIKASH YOJANA - Revised District Plan |work=Rivers |publisher=District administration |access-date=2010-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410054918/http://kaimur.bih.nic.in/RSVY/RSVY-Revised%20Final/RSVY_Kaimur.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://chandauli.nic.in/ | title =Chandauli |publisher = Chandauli district administration|access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref><ref name=history>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gMoJj-0Z94UC&q=Karmanasa+River&pg=PA473| title =Recent advances in Indo-Pacific prehistory: proceedings of the international .. By Virendra N. Misra, Peter Bellwood | work = p. 473 | isbn =9004075127 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 =Misra | first1 =Virendra N. | last2 =Bellwood | first2 =Peter S. | year =1985 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://ghazipur.nic.in/ghazipurgeographic.htm | title =Ghazipur |publisher = Ghazipur district administration|access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref>

==Disambiguation==
Karmanasa is also the name of a river in the [[Garhwal division|Garhwal]] Himalayas.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://thdc.gov.in/writereaddata/english/pdf/VOL1.pdf |title = Environmental studies for Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project |access-date = 2010-05-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161927/http://thdc.gov.in/writereaddata/english/pdf/VOL1.pdf |archive-date = 21 July 2011 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Etymology==
The name of the river means "destroyer of [[karma|religious merit]]". There are several legends about it.<ref>{{cite EB1911 | wstitle=Karamnasa | volume=15 |page=676}}</ref>

According to one legend, the sage [[Vishvamitra]] through ''tapasya'' (penance, meditation and correct practices) acquired the power to create a whole new universe. When he set out to create a new universe it aroused consternation in [[Indra]]. However, he continued and after creating a copy of our universe, he started creating people, the first being Trishanku whom he decided to send up to rule his new universe. Indra stopped his progress. That is how Trishanku ended up suspended head down in mid-air. The Karmanasa was born out of the saliva dripping from his mouth.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.vidushaka.com/myself.html | title = One - Myself | access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref>

==Course==
The Karmanasa originates at a height of {{convert|350|m}} on the northern face of [[Kaimur Range]] near Sarodag in [[Kaimur district]] of [[Bihar]].<ref name=kaimur/><ref name=jain>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKs1gBhJSWIC&q=Kiul+River&pg=PA357 | title = Hydrology and Water Resources of India By Sharad K. Jain, Pushpendra K. Agarwal, Vijay P. Singh | work = pp. 356-357 | isbn = 9781402051807 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 = Jain | first1 = Sharad K. | last2 = Agarwal | first2 = Pushpendra K. | last3 = Singh | first3 = Vijay P. | date = 16 May 2007 }}</ref> It flows in a north-westerly direction through the plains of [[Mirzapur division|Mirzapur]], then forms the boundary between [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]], and finally joins the Ganges near Village '''Bara''' (East Side) Ghazipur Uttar Pradesh and Chausa (Bihar). The length of the river is {{convert|192|km}}, out of which {{convert|116|km}} lies in Uttar Pradesh and the rest {{convert|76|km}} forms the boundary between Uttar Pradesh (Bara-Ghazipur and Bihar (Chausa). Total drainage area of the Karmnasa along with its tributaries is {{convert|11709| km²}}.<ref name=jain/>

===Tributaries===
Its tributaries are the [[Durgavati River|Durgavati]], the Chandraprabha, the Karunuti, the Nadi, the Goriya and the Khajuri.<ref name=jain/>

===Waterfalls===
The Karmanasa reaches the plains by a succession of leaps, including two falls known as the Devdari and the Chhanpathar, which, from their height and beauty, are
deserving of special notice.<ref name=hunter>{{cite web|url = http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/william-wilson-hunter/the-imperial-gazetteer-of-india-volume-9-tnu/page-54-the-imperial-gazetteer-of-india-volume-9-tnu.shtml | title = The Imperial Gazetter of India (Volume 9), page 54 of 64 | work=Mirzapur 45.5 | first= William Wilson | last=Hunter |publisher =Electronic Library | access-date = 2010-06-28 }}</ref> Chhanpathar Falls is {{convert|100|ft}} high.<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=AYN0n0pzlpcC&q=Chhanpathar&pg=PA3887 | title = The Indian Encyclopaedia | first= Subodh | last=Kapoor | year = 2002 | isbn = 9788177552706 | access-date = 2010-06-28 }}</ref> Devdari Falls, at an edge of the [[Rohtas Plateau]], along the course of the Karmanasa is {{convert|58|m}} high.<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=T1Y_Ytx9wp4C&q=Physical+Geography:+Hydrosphere+Devdari+Falls&pg=PA154 | title =.Physical Geography: Hydrosphere |last= K.Bharatdwaj | work= p. 154| year =2006 | isbn =9788183561679 |access-date = 2010-05-14 }}</ref> However, Chandauli district administration mentions Devdari Fall as being on the Chandraprabha River.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://chandauli.nic.in/tour.htm | title = Tourism |publisher =Chandauli district administration | access-date = 2010-06-28 }}</ref>

===Dams and bridges===
There are two dams across the Karmanasa – the Latif Shah bund and the Nuagarh dam. There also is a dam across the Chandraprabha.<ref>{{cite news|url =http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-03/varanasi/28142961_1_naugarh-check-dams-irrigation |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110318045451/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-02-03/varanasi/28142961_1_naugarh-check-dams-irrigation |url-status =dead |archive-date =2011-03-18 | title =Naugarh falls short of water for irrigation | access-date = 2010-05-05 |work =[[The Times of India]] | date=2010-02-03}}</ref>

The [[Grand Trunk Road]] passes over a bridge on the Karmanasa.<ref>Sir John Houlton, ''Bihar, the Heart of India'', p. 180, Orient Longmans, 1949</ref>

==Archaeology==
UP State Archaeology department after excavations has unearthed iron artifacts dated between 1200 – 1300 BC at Raja Nal Ka Tila site in Karmanasa river valley of north [[Sonbhadra district|Sonebhadra]]. It throws new light on the history of iron-making in India.<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=vVLZZkTcAV8C&q=Karmanasa+River&pg=PA80 | title =Technology of the Gods: The Incredible Sciences of the Ancients By David Hatcher Childress | work = p. 80 | isbn =9780932813732 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 =Childress | first1 =David Hatcher | year =2000 }}</ref>

==History==
The Karmanasa was the eastern boundary of [[Awadh]]. It also possibly was the western boundary of the [[Sena dynasty]].<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TUgnB5v9IucC&q=Avadh+Karmanasa&pg=PA36 | title = History of Delhi sultanate | work = p. 36 | isbn = 9788126118304 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 = Syed | first1 = M. H. | year = 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xugDAAAAMBAJ&q=Avadh+Karmanasa&pg=PT113 | title =Pratiyogita Darpan June 2008 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 =Darpan | first1 =Pratiyogita | date =June 2008 }}</ref>

At the [[Battle of Chausa]], situated on the banks of the Karmanasa, on 26 June 1539, [[Sher Shah Suri|Sher Shah]] defeated the Mughal emperor [[Humayun]] and assumed the royal title of Farīd al-Dīn Shēr Shah.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.india9.com/i9show/Battle-of-Chausa-41974.htm | title = Battle of Chausa | access-date = 2010-05-05 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=i4tsWh7mRwYC&q=Battle+of+Chausa+Karmanasa&pg=PA117 | title = Encyclopaedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh | work = p. 117 | isbn = 9788126113903 | access-date = 2010-05-05 | last1 = Singh | first1 = Nagendra Kr | year = 2003 }}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Besu River]]
*[[Gaangi River|Gangi River]]
*[[Eknaiya River]]
*[[Kodra River]]
*[[Suar River]]
*[[Karmanasa Canal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Karamnasa|year=1905 |short=x}}

{{Rivers in Bihar}}
{{Hydrography of Uttar Pradesh}}

[[Category:Rivers of Bihar]]
[[Category:Rivers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ghazipur district]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]
[[Category:Sonbhadra district]]

Karmanasa River - Revision history

>GreenC bot at 15:59, 14 April 2021