>Keinhan at 17:08, 21 June 2021

2021-06-21T17:08:37Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Karnaphuli River
| name_other =
| etymology =
| image = File:Karnafully River to Bay of Bengal (16471666352).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| image_caption = Aerial view of the Karnaphuli River estuary
| subdivision_type1 = Countries
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]] and [[Bangladesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Cities
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chittagong]]
| source1_location = Saithah, [[Mizoram]], India
| mouth_location = [[Bay of Bengal]]
| progression =
| length = {{convert|270|km|mi}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth_elevation =
| river_system =
| basin_size =
| discharge1_avg =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| waterbodies =
| custom_label =
| custom_data =
}}
[[File:Karnaphuli River from BNA road (02).jpg|thumb|Karnaphuli river from BNA road]]
[[File:Karnaphuli River 6 June 2019.jpg|thumb|Karnaphuli River From Shah Amanat Bridge]]
'''Karnaphuli''' ({{lang-bn|কর্ণফুলি}} ''Kôrnophuli''; also spelt '''Karnafuli'''<ref name=Banglapedia>{{citation |author=Mesbah-us-Saleheen and Sifatul Quader Chowdhury|chapter=Karnafuli River|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Karnafuli_River |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |editor=Sirajul Islam and Ahmed A. Jamal |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |edition=Second}}</ref>), or '''Khawthlangtuipui'''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tan|first=Khee Giap|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv62CgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA676&dq&hl=en|title=Annual Analysis Of Competitiveness, Simulation Studies And Development Perspective For 35 States And Federal Territories Of India: 2000-2010|last2=Low|first2=Linda|last3=Tan|first3=Kong Yam|last4=Rao|first4=Vittal Kartik|date=2013-12-31|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4579-49-0|pages=676|language=en}}</ref> (in [[Mizo language|Mizo]], meaning "western river"), is the largest and most important river in [[Chittagong]] and the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. It is a {{convert|667|m|ft|adj=on}} wide river in the south-eastern part of [[Bangladesh]]. Originating from the [[Saithah]] village of [[Mamit district]] in [[Mizoram]], [[India]], it flows {{convert|270|km|mi}} southwest through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the [[Bay of Bengal]]. Before the [[Padma]], it was the fastest flowing river in Bangladesh. It is said to "represent the drainage system of the whole south-western part of Mizoram."<ref name="Pachuau2009">{{cite book|last=Pachuau|first=Rintluanga|title=Mizoram: A Study in Comprehensive Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MYaYKXgAwLwC&pg=PA40|access-date=8 August 2012|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-7211-264-6|page=40}}</ref> Principal tributaries include the [[Kawrpui River]] or Thega River, [[Tuichawng River]] and [[Phairuang River]]. A large [[hydroelectric]] power plant using Karnaphuli river was built in the [[Kaptai Upazila|Kaptai]] region during the 1960s. The mouth of the river hosts [[Port of Chittagong|Chittagong's sea port]], the largest and busiest sea port of Bangladesh.

==Chittagong City==
Chittagong is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] and the [[Bay of Bengal]]. The city is a noteworthy seaside seaport city and monetary focus in southeastern Bangladesh. The Chittagong Metropolitan Area has a populace of more than 6.5 million,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chittagongchamber.com/elc.php|title=Economics Landscape of Chittagong|author=E-Vision Software Limited|work=chittagongchamber.com}}</ref> making it the second biggest city in Bangladesh. It is the capital of an eponymous locale and division. A water treatment plant has been set up by [[Chittagong Port Authority]] to source water from the Karnaphuli river for its uses. The plant will make the port self-reliant in its water needs.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury|first1=Sarwar A|title=Chittagong port sets up water treatment plant|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/chittagong-port-sets-up-water-treatment-plant-63709|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Tlabung==
Tlabung is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River in [[Lunglei district]], [[Mizoram]]. Karnaphuli River links Mizoram with the port cit of [[Chittagong]] on the shores of [[Bay of Bengal]]. British Troops and missionaries used this route to reach Mizoram during the Colonial days. It used to take 5 days to reach from Chittagong to Tlabung on a motorboat, a distance of about 90 kilometers after which they would travel another 35 kilometers to reach [[Lunglei]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pachuau |first1=Joy |title=The Camera as a Witness |publisher=Cambridge University |isbn=9781107073395 |pages=150}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Karnafully Bridge CHittagong.jpg|thumb|[[Shah Amanat Bridge]]]]
The Government has awarded a contract to build a two lane [[Karnaphuli Tunnel|Karnaphuli tunnel]] underneath the Karnaphuli river to [[China Communications Construction Company|China Communication Construction Company]] (CCCC). This will be the first underwater tunnel in Bangladesh. CCCC will receive $706 million for its services with total costs expected to be over $1 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cabinet okays Karnaphuli river tunnel project|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/business/cabinet-okays-karnaphuli-river-tunnel-project-102481|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Aquatic life==
The river is home to [[Ganges river dolphin]], which is an endangered species.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ganges River dolphin OVERVIEW|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/ganges-river-dolphin|website=worldwildlife.org|publisher=World Wildlife Fund|access-date=17 December 2015}}</ref> [[Hilsa]] used to be common in the river, but have nearly disappeared from the river due to pollution.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy|first1=Pinaki|title=Hilsa spawning less and less|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/hilsa-spawning-less-and-less-78387|work=The Daily Star|access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Kaptai dam==
[[File:Kaptai lake01.jpg|thumb|Kaptai Lake on Karnaphuli River]]
The [[Kaptai Dam]] is the location of the Karnafuli Hydroelectric Power Station, constructed in Kaptai in 1962 and the only [[hydro-electric]] power plant in the country. An earth-filled dam on the Karnaphuli River, the Kaptai Dam created the [[Kaptai Lake]], which acts as the water reservoir for the hydropower station. The power plant produces a total of 230 megawatts of electricity. When then east Pakistan built the dam, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru didn't object even though it resulted in part of Indian side getting submerged and inflow of more than 40000 refugees.<ref name="boi">{{cite book |last=Bari |first=M Fazlul |year=2012 |chapter=Dam |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dam |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref>

==Pollution==
Like many rivers in Bangladesh, Karnaphuli is heavily polluted by agricultural runoff. Reducing the amount of oxygen available and harming aquatic life in the river.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Pinaki |date=2 May 2015 |title=Hilsa spawning less and less |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/hilsa-spawning-less-and-less-78387 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref> In 2015, a train carrying oil crashed over a tributary of the river. The spill caused environmental degradation.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 June 2015 |title=Spilled oil flows towards Karnaphuli |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/spilled-oil-flows-towards-karnaphuly-100180 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
Boat on Karnafuli 001.JPG|Boat on Karnaphuli River
Karnaphuli nodi (2586368687).jpg|View of the river
Ships at Karnaphuli River (1).jpg|Ships at Karnaphuli River
Karnaphuli River at night (01).jpg|[[Port of Chittagong]] and Karnaphuli River at night
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of rivers in Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Karnaphuli River}}

{{Rivers in and around Bengal}}
{{Hydrography of North-east India}}
{{Hydrography of Mizoram}}
{{Authority control}}

{{coord|22|13|N|91|48|E|display=title|region:BD_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}

[[Category:Karnaphuli River| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Rivers of India]]
[[Category:Rivers of Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]

Karnaphuli - Revision history

>Keinhan at 17:08, 21 June 2021