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{{Short description|Ancient Buddha}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox Buddha
| name = Kassapa Buddha
| image = Ananda Temple - Bagan, Myanmar 20130209-03.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = South-facing Kassapa Buddha, [[Ananda Temple]], [[Myanmar]]
| sanskrit_name = काश्यप Kāśyapa
| bengali_name =কাশ্যপ বুদ্ধ Kasshyopa Buddha
| pali_name = कस्सप Kassapa
| burmese_name = {{my|ကဿပ}} ({{IPA-my|kaʔθəpa̰|}})
| chinese_name = 迦葉佛
 ([[Pinyin]]: ''Jiāshè Fó'')
| japanese_name = {{ruby-ja|迦葉仏|かしょうぶつ}} ([[romaji]]: ''Kashō Butsu'')
| tibetan_name = <big><big>འོད་སྲུང་</big></big> Wylie: 'od srung THL: ösung
| mongolian_name = {{MongolUnicode|ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠭᠴᠢ}} Гашив ''Gashiv''
| khmer_name = ព្រះពុទ្ធកស្សបោ ''Preah Puth Kassapao''
| korean_name = 가섭불 ([[Revised Romanization of Korean|RR]]: ''Gaseop Bul'')
| thai_name = พระกัสสปพุทธเจ้า ''Phra Kassapa Phutthachao''
| sinhala_name = කාශ්‍යප බුදුන් වහන්සේ (kashyapa budun vahansē)
| indonesian_name =
| vietnamese_name = Phật Ca Diếp
| veneration = [[Theravada]], [[Mahayana]], [[Vajrayana]]
| attributes =
| shakti =
| preceded_by = [[Kanakamuni Buddha]]
| succeeded_by = [[Gautama Buddha]]
}}'''Kassapa Buddha''' ([[Pali|Pāli]]), is one of the ancient [[Buddhahood|Buddhas]] whose biography is chronicled in chapter 24<ref name=Vicittasarabivamsa>{{cite book|last=Vicittasarabivamsa|first=U|author-link=Mingun Sayadaw|editor-last=Ko Lay|editor-first=U|editor2-last=Tin Lwin|editor2-first=U|title=The great chronicle of Buddhas, Volume One, Part Two|edition=1st|chapter=Chapter 24: Kassapa Buddhavamsa|pages=285–92|publisher=Ti=Ni Publishing Center|location=Yangon, Myanmar|year=1992|url=http://www.myanmarnet.net/nibbana/gotama/gcobv12.htm#24}}</ref> of the ''[[Buddhavaṃsa]]'', one of the books of the [[Pali Canon]]. He was the last Buddha before the historical [[The Buddha|Gautama Buddha]], though living long before him.

According to [[Theravada|Theravāda]] [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] tradition, Kassapa is the twenty-seventh of the [[List of the named Buddhas|twenty-nine named Buddhas]], the sixth of the [[List of the named Buddhas#The Seven Buddhas of Antiquity|Seven Buddhas of Antiquity]], and the third of the five Buddhas of the present [[Kalpa (aeon)|kalpa]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Tradition and modernity in Myanmar|last=Gärtner|first=Uta|author2=Jens Lorenz|year=1994|publisher=LIT Verlag|isbn=978-3-8258-2186-9|page=281}}</ref>

The present kalpa is called a ''mahabhadrakalpa'' (great auspicious aeon). The five Buddhas of the present kalpa are:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Buswell Jr.|first1=RE|last2=Lopez Jr.|first2=DS|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|edition=1st|pages=106|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|year=2014|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ&q=Buddhas+of+the+present+kalpa&pg=PA106}}</ref><ref name=Buddhistdoor>{{cite web|title=Chapter 36: The Buddhas in the three periods of time|work=Buddhism in a Nutshell Archives|publisher=Buddhistdoor International|location=Hong Kong|url=http://www.buddhistdoor.com/OldWeb/bdoor/archive/nutshell/teach36.htm|access-date=2014-12-21}}</ref>
#[[Kakusandha Buddha|Kakusandha]] (the first Buddha of the bhadrakalpa)
#[[Koṇāgamana Buddha|Koṇāgamana]] (the second Buddha of the bhadrakalpa)
#Kassapa (the third Buddha of the bhadrakalpa)
#[[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]] (the fourth and present Buddha of the bhadrakalpa)
#[[Maitreya]] (the fifth and future Buddha of the bhadrakalpa)

==Life==
Kassapa was born in Isipatana Deer Park. This place is located in [[Varanasi]], a city in the modern-day state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in northern [[India]]. His parents were the Brahmadatta and Dhanavatī.

According to legend, his body was twenty [[cubit]]s high, and he lived for two thousand years in three different palaces. They are Hamsa, Yasa, and Sirinanda.<ref name=Vicittasarabivamsa/> (The BuA.217 calls the first two palaces Hamsavā and Yasavā). His chief wife was Sunandā, who bore him a son named Vijitasena.

Kassapa gave up his worldly life travelling in his palace.{{explanation needed|date=April 2017}} He practiced austerities for only seven days. Just before attaining [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]], he accepted a meal of [[Kiribath|milk-rice]] from his wife and grass for his seat from a yavapālaka named Soma. His [[Bodhi Tree|Bodhi tree]] (the tree under which he attained enlightenment) was a [[banyan]], and he preached his first sermon at Isipatana to an assembly of [[Bhikkhu|monks]] who had renounced the world in his company.

Kassapa performed the [[Miracles of Gautama Buddha#Twin miracle|Twin Miracle]] at the foot of an [[Pterocarpus|asana tree]] outside [[Sundar Nagar]]. He held only one assembly of his disciples; among his most famous conversions was that of Nāradeva, a [[Yaksha]]. His chief disciples among monks were Tissa and Bhāradvāja, and among [[Bhikkhuni|nuns]] were Anulā and Uruvelā, his attendant being Sabbamitta. Among his patrons, the most eminent were Sumangala and Ghattīkāra, Vijitasenā, and Bhaddā.

Kassapa died at the age of sixteen thousand years, in the city of [[Varanasi|Kashi]], in the [[Benares State|Kashi Kingdom]] (now known as Varanasi, in the modern-day Indian state of Uttar Pradesh).<ref name="Vicittasarabivamsa" /> Over his relics was raised a [[stupa]] one [[League (unit)|league]] in height, each brick of which was worth one [[crore]] (ten million) [[rupee]]s.

==The Stupa of Kassapa Buddha==
There was initially a great difference of opinion on what should be the size of the stupa and of what material it should be built. Construction of the stupa was begun after these issues were finally settled. But then the citizens found they lacked sufficient funds to complete the stupa. An [[anāgāmi]] devotee named Sorata travelled throughout [[Jambudvipa]], requesting money from the people for the completion of the stupa. He sent the money as he received it, and on hearing that the work was completed, he set out to go and worship the stupa. However, he was seized by robbers and murdered in the forest, which later came to be known as the Andhavana.

[[Boudhanath]] stupa is said to be the stupa that was constructed enshrining the remains of Kassapa.

Upavāna, in a previous birth, became the guardian deity of the stupa, hence his great majesty in his last life (DA.ii.580; for another story of the building of the shrine see DhA.iii.29).

Among the thirty-seven goddesses noticed by Guttila when he visited heaven was one who had offered a scented five-spray at the stupa (J.ii.256). Alāta offered āneja-flowers and obtained a happy rebirth (J.vi.227).

The cause of [[Mahākāśyapa]]'s golden complexion was his gift of a golden brick to the building of Kassapa's shrine (AA.i.116).

At the same stupa, Anuruddha, who was then a householder in Varanasi, offered butter and molasses in brass bowls, which were placed without any interval around the stupa (AA.i.105).

==See also==
*[[Bhadrakalpikasutra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/ka/kassapa.htm Kassapa, der Pali Kanon des Theravāda-Buddhismus]

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{{succession box|title=Seven Buddhas of the Past|before=[[Koṇāgamana Buddha]]|after=[[Gautama Buddha|Śākyamuni Buddha]]|years=}}
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{{28 Buddhas}}
{{Buddhism topics}}

[[Category:Seven Buddhas of the Past]]

Kassapa Buddha - Revision history

Bharatwiki Socrates at 02:06, 2 December 2023