https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=KendaraKendara - Revision history2026-07-31T06:34:40ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Kendara&diff=509206&oldid=prevShowbiz sportlight at 16:37, 8 September 20252025-09-08T16:37:43Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Wooden string instrument}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}<br />
{{Infobox Instrument<br />
|name=Kendara<br />
|names=Kendera<br />
|image=Kendara, traditional instrument from Odisha.jpg<br />
|image_capt=An old Kendara displayed at [[Odisha State Museum]], Bhubaneswar.<br />
|background=string<br />
|hornbostel_sachs=321.322-71<br />
|hornbostel_sachs_desc=Composite [[chordophone]] sounded by a [[bow (music)|bow]]<br />
|developed=<br />
|range=<br />
|related=<br />
* [[Khamak]]<br />
* [[Ektara]]<br />
|musicians=<br />
|builders=<br />
}}<br />
[[File:ଯୋଗୀ କେନ୍ଦରା ବାଦକ.webm|thumb|A ''jogi'' playing Kendara.]]<br />
The '''Kendarā''' ( [[Odia language|Odia]]- କେନ୍ଦରା ) is a wooden [[string instrument]]. The ''kendara'' has one [[strings (music)|string]] and is most commonly played by drawing a [[bow (music)|bow]] across its string.<ref name="NettlPorter1998">{{cite book|author1=Bruno Nettl|author2=James Porter|author3=Timothy Rice|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=PA983|year=1998|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|pages=983–}}</ref> They are mostly played traditionally by ''jogi''s, people who would go from door to door with a dried [[gourd]] container to keep rice, and a kendara to play while singing, and accept food as alms.<ref name="BeheraIndia)1991">{{cite book|author1=Mohan Behera|author2=Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute (Bhubaneswar, India)|title=The Jayantira Pano: a scheduled caste community of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ITWAAAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Tribal and Harijan Research-cum-Training Institute}}</ref> They are rarely used in genres of folk including [[country music]]. The folk genre of music played in a ''kendara'' is known as ''Kendarā Gita'' ( [[Odia language|Odia]]- କେନ୍ଦରା ଗୀତ ).<ref name="HejmadiPatnaik2007">{{cite book|author1=Priyambada Mohanty Hejmadi|author2=Ahalya Hejmadi Patnaik|title=Odissi, an Indian classical dance form|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PSD0AAAAMAAJ|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Aryan Books International|isbn=978-81-7305-324-5}}</ref><ref name="Behera1997">{{cite book|author=Jyoshnarani Behera|title=Political Socialization of Women: A Study of Teenager Girls|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UJr97JZXJPcC&pg=PA82|year=1997|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Dist|isbn=978-81-85495-21-7|pages=82–}}</ref><ref name="(India)">{{cite book|author=Orissa (India)|title=Orissa District Gazetteers: Sambalpur|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XTduAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Superintendent, Orissa Government Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Praharaj |first=Gopal Chandra |url=http://dsalsrv02.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.10:8421.praharaj |title=Purnachandra Ordiya Bhashakosha |publisher=Utkal Sahitya Press |year=1931 |location=Vuttack |quote=ଭିକମଗା ଉତ୍କଳୀଯ ୟୋଗୀଙ୍କ ବୀଣା—1. A one-stringed fiddle (horse-hair-stringed instrument) used by J̄ogī-beggars of Orissa.}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes|url=https://desibulletin.in/%e0%ac%89%e0%ac%a4%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b3%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%af%e0%ad%9f%e0%ad%8b%e0%ac%97%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%99%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%ac%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%a3%e0%ac%be-%e0%ac%8f%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b8%e0%ac%82/}}</ref> The instrument rose to popularity during 12th century when [[Sanskrit]] was made the official language of the then [[Utkala Kingdom]] but the common people did not understand, but the jogis were performing folk songs.<ref name="Jena1980">{{cite book|author=B. B. Jena|title=Orissa, people, culture, and polity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4zNuAAAAMAAJ|year=1980|publisher=Kalyani Publishers}}</ref> Kendara is often tied to ''Natha'' ([[Odia language|Odia]]-ନାଥ), a particular sect of the jogis that play the most popular variation of kendara. The other variation is known as ''Majhi Kendarā'' ( [[Odia language|Odia]]- ମଝି କେନ୍ଦରା ) and is played by the [[Santhal people]] in Odisha.<ref>{{cite book|title=Folk Culture: Folk music & dance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2lDAAAAYAAJ|date=1983|publisher=Institute of Oriental and Orissan Studies}}</ref><ref name="KarPanda1997">{{cite book|author1=Indu Bhusan Kar|author2=Durga Charan Panda|title=Art Heritage of Orissa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a_WAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Advanced Centre for Indological Studies}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-23 |title=ଉତ୍କଳୀଯ ୟୋଗୀଙ୍କ ବୀଣା: ଏକ ସଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଓ ସଂଗୀତମୟ ଅଭିଯାନ - Desi Bulletin |url=https://desibulletin.in/%e0%ac%89%e0%ac%a4%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b3%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%af%e0%ad%9f%e0%ad%8b%e0%ac%97%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%99%e0%ad%8d%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%ac%e0%ad%80%e0%ac%a3%e0%ac%be-%e0%ac%8f%e0%ac%95%e0%ac%b8%e0%ac%82/ |access-date=2024-06-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Odia culture}}<br />
{{Indian musical instruments|state=autocollapse}}<br />
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[[Category:Indian musical instruments]]<br />
[[Category:Stringed percussion instruments]]<br />
[[Category:Plucked membranophones]]<br />
[[Category:Music of Odisha]]<br />
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