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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{original research|date=October 2017}}
[[File:India Kerala locator map.svg|thumb|200px|Location of Kerala in [[India]]]]
'''Kerala Day''' also referred to as '''Kerala Piravi''', marks the birth of the state of [[Kerala]] in southern [[India]]. The state of Kerala was created on 1 November 1956, long after the [[Independence of India]]. Before this, it was three major provinces and several outlying regions under various rulers.

==Timeline/History ==

Prior to 1956, Kerala had been divided into four regions: [[South Canara]] ([[Kasaragod district|Kasaragod region]]), [[Malabar district|Malabar]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] and [[Kingdom of Travancore|Travancore]].

Malabar comprises the northern and north-central region around Cannanore, Calicut, Malappuram, and Palghat, with some portions around Trichur and Cochin. This region had been ruled by the [[Zamorin of Calicut|Zamorin]] of [[Kozhikode|Calicut]], [[Arakkal kingdom]], [[Kolathunadu]], [[Kingdom of Tanur]], and [[Kingdom of Valluvanad]], with several other smaller feudal states, before being unified by [[Tipu Sultan]]. It was then ceded to the [[British East India Company]] after the [[Anglo-Mysore Wars]],<ref name="MuseumDallapiccola2010">{{cite book |author1=British Museum |author2=Anna Libera Dallapiccola |title=South Indian Paintings: A Catalogue of the British Museum Collection |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIzWapiacQcC&pg=PA12 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |date=22 June 2010 |publisher=Mapin Publishing Pvt Ltd |isbn=978-0-7141-2424-7 |pages=12–}}</ref><ref name="ThorpeEdgar">{{cite book |author1=Edgar Thorpe, Showick Thorpe |author2=Thorpe Edgar |title=The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WuBFs6yFRwcC&pg=RA1-PA99 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-5830-4 |page=99}}</ref> and first annexed to the British [[Bombay Presidency]], and then replaced to [[Madras Presidency]].<ref name="The Edinburgh Gazetteer: Or, Geographical Dictionary: Containing a Description of the Various Countries, Kingdoms, States, Cities, Towns, Mountains, &c. of the World; an Account of the Government, Customs, and Religion of the Inhabitants; the Boundaries and Natural Productions of Each Country, &c. &c. Forming a Complete Body of Geography, Physical, Political, Statistical, and Commercial with Addenda, Containing the Present State of the New Governments in South America...">{{cite book |title=The Edinburgh Gazetteer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xRIyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA63 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |year=1827 |publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green |pages=63–}}</ref><ref name="Kumar1965">{{cite book |author=Dharma Kumar |title=Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |year=1965 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=87– |id=GGKEY:T72DPF9AZDK}}</ref><ref name="Ittaman2003">{{cite book |author=K.P. Ittaman |title=History of Mughal Architecture Volume Ii |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQ5lFywZAqYC&pg=PA30 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |date=1 June 2003 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-034-1 |pages=30–}}</ref> The coastal town of [[Mahé, India|Mahe]] remained a French enclave until the early 1950s when it was integrated into the Union Territory of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]. The central region comprised the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Cochin]], administered from Thrissur. The southernmost province was the [[Kingdom of Travancore]], based in the city of Thiruvananthapuram. While Cochin had been a vassal state under the British Raj, Travancore Kingdom was administered under suzerainty.

Early in the 20th century, the [[Mappila]] Muslims of the Calicut region revolted against the Hindu [[zamindars]] and the [[British Raj]].<ref name="Qureshi1999">{{cite book |author=M. Naeem Qureshi |title=Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czKYZPyoyx0C |year=1999 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-11371-8 |pages=445–447}}</ref> In the following years, agitations for political rights and a popular government took place in Travancore and Cochin as well. After India was [[Partition of India|partitioned]] in 1947 into [[India]] and [[Pakistan]], [[Travancore]] and Cochin, part of India were merged on 1 July 1949 to form [[Travancore-Cochin]].<ref name="Sabharwal2007">{{cite book |author=Gopa Sabharwal |title=India Since 1947: The Independent Years |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LKySGJAGVEQC&pg=PA23 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |year=2007 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-310274-8 |pages=23–}}</ref> A popular movement known as Aikya Kerala (United Kerala), for the formation of the State of Kerala, gave an impetus to the reorganisation of the state on a linguistic basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/mmonline.dll/portal/ep/gulfContentView.do?contentId=732939&programId=1073751464&channelId=-1073750346&BV_ID=@@@ |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-date=30 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030081904/http://www.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/mmonline.dll/portal/ep/gulfContentView.do?contentId=732939&programId=1073751464&channelId=-1073750346&BV_ID=@@@ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-01/news/27577157_1_classical-status-travancore-malabar-region |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628091636/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-11-01/news/27577157_1_classical-status-travancore-malabar-region |archive-date=28 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 1 November 1956, the [[taluk]] of [[Kasaragod Town|Kasargod]] in the South Kanara district of Madras, the [[Malabar district|Malabar district of Madras]], and Travancore-Cochin, without four southern taluks (which joined Tamil Nadu), merged to form the state of Kerala under the [[States Reorganisation Act]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nossiter |first1=Thomas Johnson |title=Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation |date=1982 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520046672 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CSQUxVjjWQC&pg=PA12 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="SinghKarafin2009">{{cite book |author1=Sarina Singh |author2=Amy Karafin |author3=Anirban Mahapatra |title=South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KnLFpjEHpUC |accessdate=6 January 2013 |date=1 September 2009 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74179-155-6}}</ref> A [[Communist]]-led government under [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] came to power following the first elections for the new Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1957.<ref name="SinghKarafin2009"/> It was one of the earliest elected Communist governments, after Communist success in the 1945 elections in the [[Republic of San Marino]].<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news |title=50 years of development |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-others/tp-states/50-years-of-development/article1655056.ece?ref=archive |accessdate=30 August 2013 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 April 2007 |author=K.G. Kumar}}</ref><ref name="Desai2006">{{cite book |author=Manali Desai |title=State Formation and Radical Democracy in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=60m9znJQmmkC&pg=PA142 |accessdate=31 August 2013 |date=27 November 2006 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-203-96774-4 |page=142}}</ref><ref name="ChitkaraŚarmā1997">{{cite book |author1=Madan Gopal Chitkara |author2=Baṃśī Rāma Śarmā |title=Indian Republic: Issues and Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YrmNURVoroC&pg=PA134 |accessdate=18 November 2012 |date=1 January 1997 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7024-836-1 |pages=134–}}</ref>

== Events ==
* [[President's Trophy Boat Race]]
* [[States Reorganisation Act|Reorganisation of Indian states]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Indian state foundation days}}
[[Category:Culture of Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian state foundation days]]

Kerala Day - Revision history

CleanupBot at 18:45, 1 January 2022