>JJMC89 bot III at 21:48, 23 June 2021

2021-06-23T21:48:37Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox writer 
| honorific_prefix = [[Dewan Bahadur]]
| name = Keshavlal Harshadrai Dhruv
| image = Keshav-Harshad-Dhruv.jpg
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name = Keshavlal Harshadrai Dhruv
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1859|10|17}}
| birth_place = Bahiyel, [[Dehgam]], [[Gujarat]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1938|3|13|1859|10|17}}
| death_place =
| occupation = philologist, critic, editor
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = * ''Prachin Gurjar Kavyo'' (1927)
* ''Sahitya ane Vivechan'' (1939, 1941)
| spouse = Jasvidya Dhruv.
| children = Sarojini, Vilochan.
| relatives = [[Harilal Dhruv]] (brother)
| awards =
| signature = Autograph of Keshav Harshad Dhruv.svg
| years_active =
}}

[[Dewan Bahadur]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |editor=Joseph T. Shipley |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Literature |url=https://www.questia.com/read/76778485/encyclopedia-of-literature |location=New York |publisher=Philosophical Library |year=1946 |pages=514|url-access=subscription|via=[[Questia]]}}</ref> '''Keshavlal Harshadrai Dhruv''' (17 October 1859 – 13 March 1938), also spelt as '''Keshavlal Harshad Dhruva''' and known by his pen name '''Vanmali''', was a research scholar, philologist, critic, editor of [[Middle Gujarati language|Middle]] and [[Old Gujarati language|Old Gujarati]] works, and translator of [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]] classic poetry and plays from [[British India|India]].<ref name="Das1995">{{cite book|author=Sisir Kumar Das|title=History of Indian Literature: 1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&pg=PA704|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-7201-798-9|page=704}}</ref> He was a professor of Gujarati and taught at [[Gujarat College]]. He headed several literary organizations.

==Life==
Keshavlal was born on 17 October 1859 in Bahiyel near [[Dehgam]] in Gujarat, India. He completed [[matriculation]] in 1876 and Bachelor of Arts in 1882. He taught at Premchand Raichand Training College in [[Ahmedabad]] for a brief period. Later he joined Ranchhodlal Chotalal High School and was appointed as a Headmaster in 1908. He retired from there in 1915 and joined Gujarat College as the professor of [[Gujarati language]] and [[Gujarati literature|literature]].<ref name="Datta1988">{{cite book|author=Amaresh Datta|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1005|volume=2|year=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|page=1005}}</ref> He retired from there in 1934. He headed Gujarat Vidya Sabha from 1920 to 1938. His essay on [[philology]] at the first [[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]], held in 1905, won him praise. He also headed the second Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, held in 1907. His brother [[Harilal Dhruv]] was a lawyer who authored poetry and edited several books. Keshavlal died on 13 March 1938.<ref name=gsp>{{cite web|language =Gujarati |url=http://www.gujaratisahityaparishad.com/prakashan/sarjako/savishesh/Savishesh-Keshav-Dhruv.html|title=ધ્રુવ કેશવલાલ હર્ષદરાય|publisher=[[Gujarati Sahitya Parishad]]|accessdate =3 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="Datta1988"/><ref name="Naravane1991">{{cite book|author=Vishwanath S. Naravane|title=A Cultural history of modern India: nineteenth century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QwscAAAAIAAJ|year=1991|publisher=Northern Book Centre|page=216}}</ref>

==Works==
Keshavlal started writing essays on old Sanskrit works such as ''Malayas of Mudrarakshasha'' and ''Age of Vishakhadatta'' when he was 28 years old.<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Datta1988"/>

His research work on literature and criticism is collected in two volumes of ''Sahitya ane Vivechan'' (1939, 1941). His work on [[Prosody (linguistics)|prosody]] is well known. His five lectures that are part of the Vasanji Madhavji Thakkar Lectures held by the [[University of Bombay]] in 1930-31 are collected in ''Padyarachna ni Aitihasik Alochana'' (1932). They discuss [[Metre (poetry)|metres]] of vernacular languages and their evolution from [[Apabramsha]], [[Prakrit]], and Vedic metres.<ref name="Das1995"/><ref name=gsp/><ref name="Datta1988"/>

Keshavlal has written essays and notes on Sanskrit and medieval Gujarati poets, playwrights, and works. He has edited works of several medieval poets and authors, including a translation of ''[[Kadambari]]'' by [[Bhalan]] (1916, 1927), ''Anubhavbindu'' of [[Akha Bhagat]] (1932), and ''Harishchandrakhyan'' of Ratnahas (1927). He compiled 15th-century Gujarati poems under the title ''Pandarma Shatakna Prachin Gurjar Kavyo'' (1927).<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Datta1988"/>

He translated several Sanskrit plays and poetry into Gujarati. His translated Sanskrit poetry includes ''[[Amaru Shataka]]'' (1892), ''[[Geetgovind]]'' (1895), and ''Chhayaghatakarpar'' (1902). He translated several plays by the early Sanskrit playwright [[Bhāsa]], including ''Pratijna-Yaugandharayana'' (1915), ''[[Swapnavāsavadatta]]'' (1917), ''[[Madhyamavyayoga]]'' (1920), and ''Pratima-nataka'' (1928). He also translated [[Vishakhadatta]]'s ''[[Mudrarakshasa]]'' as ''Mel ni Mudrika'' (1889), [[Harsha]]'s ''[[Priyadarsika]]'' as ''Vindhyavan ni Kanyaka'' (1916), and [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[Vikramōrvaśīyam]]'' as ''Parakram ni Prasadi'' (1915).<ref name=gsp/><ref name="Datta1988"/><ref name="Kendra2007">{{cite book|author=Smt. Hiralaxmi Navanitbhai Shah Dhanya Gurjari Kendra|title=Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g4oMAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Gujarat Vishvakosh Trust|page=356}}</ref>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gujarati-language writers]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Indian literary critics]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian translators]]
[[Category:Scholars from Gujarat]]
[[Category:Translators of Kalidasa]]

Keshavlal Dhruv - Revision history

>JJMC89 bot III at 21:48, 23 June 2021