https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Khazan_systemKhazan system - Revision history2026-07-30T20:57:45ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Khazan_system&diff=509684&oldid=prevAverma at 09:59, 8 July 20252025-07-08T09:59:42Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Traditional farming system in India}}<br />
The '''Khazan''' is a traditional farming system of [[Goa]], India. It comprises mainly [[rice-fish system|rice-fish fields]] established on reclaimed [[coastal wetland]]s, [[salt marsh]]es and [[mangrove forest]]s. It involves construction of [[levee]]s and [[sluice gate]]s to prevent [[sea water]] from entering the fields.{{sfn|Sangeeta M. Sonak|2013|p=33}}<br />
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The Bandora (Bandiwade) [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copper-plate inscription]] of Anirjita-varman (likely a [[Mauryas of Puri|Konkan Maurya]] king), dated to 5th-6th century on palaeographical grounds, refers to the khazan system as ''khajjana''. It records the grant of tax-exempt land in Dwadasa-desha (modern [[Bardez]]), including one ''hala'' (a unit) of ''khajjana'' land. The recipient of the grant was expected to convert this wetland into a cultivated field by constructing a [[bunding|bund]] to prevent the salty sea water from entering the land.{{sfn|N. Shyam Bhat|Nagendra Rao|2013|p=254}}<br />
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Historically, an association of villagers (''gaunkari''s) maintained the local khazan fields and its associated levees. This system continued under the [[Portuguese India|Portuguese rule]], with [[Comunidades of Goa|communidades]] maintaining the khazan system through an association of farmers (''bhou''s or ''bhau''s).{{sfn|Sangeeta M. Sonak|2013|p=67}}<br />
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== Cultural Significance of Khazans ==<br />
Khazans are intertwined with the religious and cultural aspect of Goa. The Konsachem Fest (harvest festival) is first celebrated at Our Lady of Snows Church in Raia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Khazans of Goa: A Socio-Cultural Perspective |url=http://www.sahapedia.org/khazans-goa-socio-cultural-perspective |access-date=2025-07-08 |website=Sahapedia |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
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=== Bibliography ===<br />
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* {{cite book |author=Sangeeta M. Sonak |title=Khazan Ecosystems of Goa: Building on Indigenous Solutions to Cope with Global Environmental Change |year=2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9789400772021 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-r_EBAAAQBAJ}}<br />
* {{cite journal |author1=N. Shyam Bhat |author2=Nagendra Rao |title=History of Goa with Special Reference to its Feudal Features |journal=Indian Historical Review |volume=40 |issue=2 |year=2013 |doi=10.1177/0376983613499680 |s2cid=145048379 }}<br />
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[[Category:Flood control in India]]<br />
[[Category:Coastal construction]]<br />
[[Category:Wetlands of India]]</div>Averma