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{{About|the Indian monarch|the father of the deceased American soldier|Khizr and Ghazala Khan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Khizr Khan
| title = [[Sultan|Supreme Sultan]] <br> [[Darugachi|The loyal Governor of Mongol]]
| succession = 25th [[Delhi Sultanate|Sultan of Delhi]]
| image = File:Khizr Khan (4).jpg
| caption = Silver Tanka of Khizr Khan INO Muhammad Bin Firoz
| reign = 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421
| coronation = 28 May 1414
| predecessor = [[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq]]
| regent = [[Shah Rukh]]
| reg-type = [[Monarch|Servicing Ruler]]
| successor = [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house = [[Sayyid dynasty]]
| father =
| mother =
| succession1 = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] - [[Governor]] of [[Multan]]
| reign1 = ? - 31 December 1398
| succession2 = [[Timurid dynasty|Timurid]] - [[Governor]] of [[Delhi]]
| reign2 = 31 December 1398 - 18 February 1405
| coronation2 = [[Battle of Delhi (1398)|Timur Invasion of Delhi Sultanate]]
| reg-type2 = [[Monarch|Servicing Ruler]]
| regent2 = [[Timur]]
| birth_date = unknown
| birth_place =
| death_date = 20 May 1421
| death_place =
| place of burial = Delhi, India
}}

'''Sayyid Khizr Khan''' (reigned 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421) was the founder of the [[Sayyid dynasty]], the ruling dynasty of the [[Delhi sultanate]], in northern India soon after the invasion of [[Timur]] and the fall of the [[Tughlaq dynasty]].<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=122–123}}</ref>

Khan was Governor of [[Multan]] under the Tughlaq ruler, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]], and was known to be an able administrator. He did not take up any royal title due to fear of [[Amir Timur]] (better known historically as [[Tamerlane]]) and contended himself with the titles of ''Rayat-i-Ala'' (Sublime Banners) and ''Masnad-i-Aali'' or (Most High Post). During his reign, coins were continued to be struck in the name of previous [[Tughlaq]] rulers.<ref name="Nelson">Nelson, Wright [1974], ''The Coinage & Metrology of the Sultans of Dehli'', New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., pp. 239.</ref> After his death on 20 May 1421, he was succeeded by his son [[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Khan]],<ref name="mahajan">Mahajan, V. D. (2007) [1991], ''History of Medieval India'', New Delhi: S. Chand, {{ISBN|81-219-0364-5}}, pp. 237–9.</ref> who took the title of ''Muizz-ud-Din Mubarak Shah''.

==Ancestry and early life==
A contemporary writer [[Yahya bin Ahmad Sirhindi|Yahya Sirhindi]] mentions in his ''Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi'' that Khizr Khan belonged to an [[Arab]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Porter|first1=Yves|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xj83AQAAIAAJ&q=Sayyid+Khizr+Khan+was+a+arab|title=The Glory of the Sultans: Islamic Architecture in India|last2=Degeorge|first2=Gérard|date=2009|publisher=Flammarion|isbn=978-2-08-030110-9|location=Though Timur had since withdrawn his forces , the Sayyid Khizr Khān , the scion of a venerable Arab family who had settled in Multān , continued to pay him tribute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHbiAAAAMAAJ&q=and+rested+chiefly+on+its+causal+recognition+by+the+famous+saint+Sayyid+Jal%C3%A1l|title=The Cambridge History of India|date=1958|publisher=S. Chand|location=The claim of Khizr Khān , who founded the dynasty known as the Sayyids , to descent from the prophet of Arabia was dubious , and rested chiefly on its causal recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalāl - ud - dīn of Bukhārā .|language=en}}</ref> family and was a descendant of [[Muhammad]]. However, Yahya Sirhindi based his conclusions on unsubstantial evidence, the first being a casual recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalaluddin Bukhari of Uch Sharif of his Sayyid heritage,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CHbiAAAAMAAJ&q=and+rested+chiefly+on+its+causal+recognition+by+the+famous+saint+Sayyid+Jal%C3%A1l|title=The Cambridge History of India|date=1958|publisher=S. Chand|location=The claim of Khizr Khān , who founded the dynasty known as the Sayyids , to descent from the prophet of Arabia was dubious , and rested chiefly on its causal recognition by the famous saint Sayyid Jalāl - ud - dīn of Bukhārā .|language=en}}</ref> and secondly the noble character of the Sultan which distinguished him as a Muhammad's descendant.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_History_and_Culture_of_the_Indian_Pe/03lDAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=The+Delhi+Sultanate+-+Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&dq=The+Delhi+Sultanate+-+Ramesh+Chandra+Majumdar&printsec=frontcover |title= The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi sultanate |author= Ramesh Chandra Majumdar }}</ref> According to Richard Eaton, Khizr Khan belonged to a [[Punjab]]i chieftain of [[Multan]] from the [[Khokhar]] clan<ref>{{cite book|title= India in the Persianate Age: 1000–1765|author= Richard M. Eaton|isbn=978-0-520-32512-8|page= 117|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIF6DwAAQBAJ}}</ref> Malik Mardan Daulat, the Governor of [[Multan]], adopted Khizr Khan's father, Malik Sulaiman, as his son. Sulaiman succeeded Malik Shaikh, another son of Malik Mardan, to the governorship. After his death, [[Firuz Shah Tughlaq]] appointed Khizr Khan as governor. But in 1395, he was expelled from Multan by Sarang Khan, brother of Mallu Iqbal Khan. He fled to [[Mewat]] and later joined [[Timur]]. It is believed that before his departure, Timur appointed Khizr Khan his viceroy at Delhi although he could only establish his control over Multan, [[Dipalpur]] and parts of [[Sindh]].<ref name="majumdar">Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). ''The Delhi Sultanate'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp. 125–8</ref> He defeated Mallu Iqbal Khan Lodi in 1405.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=Rita |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13330657 |title=The Afghan nobility and the Mughals : 1526-1707 |date=1985 |publisher=Vikas Pub. House |isbn=0-7069-2752-4 |location=New Delhi |oclc=13330657}}</ref>

==Reign==
After his accession to the throne, Khizr Khan appointed Malik-us-Sharq Tuhfa as his [[Vizier|wazir]] and he was given the title of ''Taj-ul-Mulk'' and he remained in office until 1421. The fief of [[Saharanpur]] was given to Sayyid Salim. Abdur Rahman received the fiefs of Multan and Fatehpur. In 1414, an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to suppress the rebellion of Har Singh, the Raja of [[Katehar]]. Raja fled to the forests but finally was compelled to surrender and agree to pay tributes in future. In July, 1416 an army led by Taj-ul-Mulk was sent to [[Bayana]] and [[Gwalior]] where it plundered the peasants in the name of realizing the amount equivalent to the tributes to be paid.<ref name="mahajan"/> In 1417, Khizr Khan obtained permission from Shah Rukh to have his own name also suffixed to that of Shah Rukh.<ref name="majumdar"/> In 1418, Har Singh revolted again but was defeated completely by Taj-ul-Mulk. On May 28 1414, Khizr Khan Captured Delhi and imprisoned Daulat Khan Lodi.<ref name="mahajan"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{commons category}}
*''Muntakhab-ul Lubab'', Muḥammad Hāshim Khāfī Khān, Sir Henry Miers Elliot, John Dowson, 2006.
{{S-start}}
{{succession box |
before=[[Tughlaq dynasty]]<br />([[Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq]]), [[Dauwlat Khan]],<br>[[Lodi dynasty]]|
title=[[Shah|Shah of Delhi]]|
years=1414-1421|
after=[[Mubarak Shah (Sayyid dynasty)|Mubarak Shah]]}}
{{S-end}}
[[Category:Sayyid dynasty]]
[[Category:Sultans of Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Indian people of Arab descent]]

Khizr Khan - Revision history

UpdateBot at 18:43, 25 June 2022