https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Khong_kangjeiKhong kangjei - Revision history2026-08-01T04:04:06ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Khong_kangjei&diff=130927&oldid=prev>Citation bot at 21:10, 13 April 20212021-04-13T21:10:42Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}<br />
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}<br />
'''Khong kangjei''', also known as '''mukna kangjei''' or sometimes '''kanjei''', and commonly known as '''foot hockey''', '''Manipuri hockey''' or '''hockey on foot''', is a sport similar to [[field hockey]]{{sfn|Green|Svinth|2010|p=297}} primarily of the [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Manipur]] in [[India]]. It is a game which requires stamina, speed, and agility,{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} and is one of the most popular games in Manipur.{{sfn|Folklore|1961|p=226}} It is one of the indigenous sports of Manipur, others being [[Polo|sagol kanjei]] and kang, each of which reflects the martial tradition of Manipur,{{sfn|Green|Svinth|2010|p=297}} and with [[mukna]] captures an ethical code important to the [[Manipur#Culture|culture of Manipur]].{{sfn|Doshi|1989|p=2}}<br />
<br />
The name is derived from the [[Meitei language|Meitei]] terms ''khōng'' (foot), ''kāng'' (ball or round object), and ''jei'', which is derived from the term ''chei'' (to hit).{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=49}}<br />
<br />
After the ''Hiyang Tannaba'', a type of traditional [[boat racing|boat race]]{{sfn|Fazili|Ashraf|2006|p=75}} held annually in Manipur, spectators adjourn to the hockey grounds, on which is played a match of foot hockey. Scoring for these matches "is carried on from year to year".{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=54}}<br />
<br />
==Gameplay==<br />
A match is contested between two teams of seven players.{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} The match is [[referee]]d by an umpire, who also signals change of sides (''pun onba'') and the end of the match. Each team has a leader, referred to as a ''panjenba'', and play commences when the umpire throws a ball between them at the centre line.<br />
<br />
A team attempts to [[Score (sport)|score]] goals against the opponent, and the team first to attain a predetermined number of [[Goal (sport)|goals]] is declared the winner.{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=49}} Each player has one piece of equipment, a slightly curved bamboo stick{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=49}} about {{convert|4|ft|cm}} in length similar to a [[hockey stick]].{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} It is used to strike a ball made of bamboo root{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} of approximately {{convert|4|in|cm}} in diameter.<br />
<br />
Each player is associated with an opposing player, and the two never leave each other during a match.{{sfn|Singh|1980|p=100}} Players may pick up the ball and run with it,{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} a play often terminated by the player tossing the ball in the air and striking it.{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=49}} A player may also kick the ball, but must strike the ball with the stick to score a goal.{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}}<br />
<br />
A player may obstruct an opponent; tripping opponents is permitted, and is known as a ''collar''.{{sfn|Hodson|1908|p=49}} A player carrying a ball may be physically challenged by an opponent, which requires the two players to wrestle (''mukna''),{{sfn|Prakash|2007|p=1559}} after which play resumes.<br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{refbegin}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Dances of Manipur: The Classical Tradition|last=Doshi|first=Saryu|publisher=Marg Publications|year=1989|isbn=9788185026091}}<br />
*{{cite book|series=Encyclopaedia of World Geography|title=Tourism In India Planning & Development|volume=17|last1=Fazili|first1=Asif Iqbal|last2=Ashraf|first2=S Husain<br />
|edition=1|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2006|isbn=9788176256650}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Folklore|volume=2|publisher=Indian Publications|year=1961|ref={{harvid|Folklore|1961}} }}<br />
*{{cite book|series=Martial Arts of the World: Regions and individual arts|title=Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation|volume=1|last1=Green|first1=Thomas A.|last2=Svinth|first2=Joseph R.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=9781598842432}}<br />
*{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/meitheis00hodsgoog#page/n10/mode/2up|title=The Meitheis|last=Hodson|first=Thomas Callan|publisher=[[David Nutt (publisher)|David Nutt]]|year=1908|location=London|oclc=63942822|ol=23534254M}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of North-East India|volume=4|last=Prakash|first=Col Ved|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2007|isbn=9788126907069}}<br />
*{{cite book|title=Religious developments in Manipur in the 18th and 19th centuries|last=Singh|first=Moirangthem Kirti|publisher=Manipur State Kala Akademi|year=1980}}<br />
{{refend}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Sport in Manipur]]<br />
[[Category:Field hockey]]</div>>Citation bot