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{{Short description|Kingdom ruled by the Kalachuris of Raipur}}
{{for-text|other dynasties claiming [[Haihaya]] descent|[[Kalachuri dynasty (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Infobox country
| common_name = Haihaya dynasty
| conventional_long_name = Kalachuris of Raipur
| year_start =
| year_end = 1758
| event_start = Separation from the [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura]]
| event_end = Maratha [[Siege of Ratanpur|invasion of 1740]] and annexation by [[Bimbaji Bhonsle]] in 1758
| image_map = File:Mughal-Maratha Wars in 1680 CE.png
| image_map_caption = Haihaiyavanshi Garh in 17th century, split into two branches at Ratanpur and Raipur
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| capital = [[Raipur]] (Rayapura)
| p1 = Kalachuris of Ratnapura
| s1 = Kingdom of Nagpur{{!}}Bhonsle dynasty
| image_coat =
| coa_size =
| symbol_type =
| today = [[India]]
}}

The '''Kingdom of Haihaiyavansi''', ruled by the '''Kalachuris of Raipur''' was a kingdom which consisted of the central part of the present-day state of [[Chhattisgarh]] located in [[India]].

In 1740, the Maratha general of [[Bhonsles of Nagpur|Nagpur]], [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar|Bhaskar Pant]] conquered the kingdom for [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mellor |first1=John Williams |last2=Weaver |first2=Thomas F. |last3=Lele |first3=Uma J. |title=Developing Rural India: Plan and Practice |date=1968 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-0296-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8dADAAAAMAAJ&q=haihayabansi |language=en}}</ref> The Raipur branch of the kingdom survived until 1753, also being annexed by the [[Nagpur Kingdom|Marathas of Nagpur]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=India |first1=Archaeological Survey of |title=Reports |date=1884 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=md3Hc7gYr7IC&dq=haihayabansi&pg=PA77 |language=en}}</ref>

The last ruler was [[Mohansingh (ruler)|Mohan Singh]], who ruled under the suzerainty of [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghoji Bhonsle]] of [[Nagpur Kingdom|Nagpur]] and died in 1758.<ref name="mohan">{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=P. L. |title=Mohansingh (The Last Kalachuri King) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1969 |volume=31 |pages=207–213 |jstor=44138363 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138363}}</ref>

==History==

The Kalachuris of Raipur branched off from the [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura]] in the 14th century; the Ratnapura branch was, in turn, an offshoot of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Om Prakash Misra |title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0ISjDDWJwQC&pg=PA14 |year=2003 |publisher=Mittal |isbn=978-81-7099-874-7 |pages=13–14 }}</ref>

The Raipur State originated as the eastern province of the tenth-century Tripuri Kalachuri or Chedi kingdom, which was centered in the upper [[Narmada River]] valley.<ref name="virginia"/> The kingdom was located east of the main routes between northern and southern India, and thus was unaffected by the Muslim invasions of the 13th-16th centuries.<ref name="virginia"/><ref name="go">{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Behram H. |title=Gonds of the Central Indian Highlands |date=1984 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X2gpF5bsAjUC&dq=Kingdom+of+chanda&pg=PA263 |language=en}}</ref>{{pn|date=March 2023}} The Haihaiyavanshi state enjoyed under Garha Kingdom 700 years of peaceful existence due to its borders being protected by precipitous mountain ranges on almost all sides.<ref name="virginia">{{cite book |last1=McEldowney |first1=Philip Fredric |title=Colonial Administration and Social Developments in Middle India: The Central Provinces, 1861-1921 |date=August 1980 |publisher=University of Virginia |pages=22–24 |url=https://asianstudies.github.io/area-studies/SouthAsia/Ideas/CP/ch02regions.html |language=English |chapter=Administrative and Social Regions of Middle India, 1500-1920}}</ref>{{better source needed|reason=An unpublished thesis is not a great source when peer-reviewed scholarly works exist|date=March 2023}}<ref name="deccan">{{cite book |title=The Deccan Geographer |date=1984 |publisher=Deccan Geographical Society. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JBANAQAAMAAJ&q=Haihaivanshi+Kingdom |language=en}}</ref>

In the second half of the 12th century, on the accession of Suradeva, the 20th king, the Ratnapura state was divided between him at [[Ratanpur]] (Ratnapura) and his younger brother Brahmadeva, who founded a younger branch at [[Raipur]] to the south.<ref name="IGI2">{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=The Imperial Gazzetter of India: Vol 7: Naaf to Rangmagiri |date=1881 |publisher=Trübner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GYoIAAAAQAAJ&dq=Haihai+Bansi&pg=PA486 |page= 485-487 |language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source inline|reason=Colonial gazzetters are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}<ref name="past">{{cite book |last1=Dube |first1=Saurabh |title=Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power Among a Central Indian Community, 1780-1950 |date=19 March 1998 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3688-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jl-dIbI5kKwC&dq=Haihayavanshi+Kingdom&pg=PA27 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="virginia"/> At the end of the 16th century, the Haihaiyavanshi kings recognized the suzerainty of the [[Mughal Empire]].

It has been conjectured that the name Mahakosal, the greater Kosala, was made common for Dakshin Kosal or Chhattisgarh by the Chedi - Haihaiyavanshi rulers of this region to make their state sound more dignified and their sovereignty seem more pronounced.<ref name="dewas">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Dewas |date=1973 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIphAAAAIAAJ&q=Haihayavanshi+Kingdom |language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}<ref name="durg">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Durg |date=1965 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEVuAAAAMAAJ&q=Haihayavanshi+Kingdom |language=en}}</ref> The town of [[Amarkantak]] is said to have been built by the Haihayavanshis.<ref name="go"/>{{rp|263}}{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}

===Mattha lineage===

In the ancient land of India near the Narmada river, the Mattha clan thrived, tracing their lineage to the legendary Sahastra Bahu, a warrior-king known for his bravery and strength. According to historical accounts, the Mattha clan belonged to the [[Heyhayavansh]] dynasty, renowned for their valor and leadership.

===Maratha suzerainty===
After the death of Raghunath Singh in 1745, [[Mohansingh (ruler)|Mohan Singh]] a member of the Haihaiyavanshi Raipur branch, was placed on the throne by [[Raghoji I Bhonsle]]. He was loyal to the Bhonsle [[Nagpur Kingdom]] and paid regular tribute to the Bhonsle treasury. However, in 1758, [[Bimbaji Bhonsle]] was sent against him to assume direct control of [[Chhattisgarh]]. [[Mohansingh (ruler)|Mohan Singh]] started amassing his forces near [[Raipur]], but died shortly after and thus, [[Bimbaji Bhonsle]] assumed rule of the region with ease.<ref name="m">{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=P. L. |title=Mohansingh (The Last Kalachuri King) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1969 |volume=31 |pages=207–213 |jstor=44138363 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138363}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: West Nimar |date=1978 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3axhAAAAIAAJ&q=Bimbaji |language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Sir Arthur Edward |title=Raipur District: Volume A, Descriptive |date=1909 |publisher=Printed at the British India Press, Byculla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVNRqTCIeYAC&q=Bimbaji |language=en}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}

==Administration==

According to a tradition, popularized by Cecil Upton Wills (1919), the principalities Raipur and [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratanpur]] were "sub-kingdoms", and each had 18 forts; the name "[[Chhattisgarh]]" derives from these 36 (''Chhattis'') forts (''garh''). However, experts disagree with this theory for several reasons: the name Chhattisgarh does not appear in early records, no historical records identify the 36 forts, and early records list 48 forts in the area.<ref>{{cite book |author=Helen Macdonald |title=Witchcraft Accusations from Central India: The Fragmented Urn |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2020 |isbn=9781000225716 |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBIHEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 }}</ref>

According to Willis, the term ''garh'' referred to a district, which was under the charge of the feudal lords (''[[Thakur (title)|thakurs]]'' or ''[[Dewan|diwans]]''), who owed allegiance to the king. The ''garh'' was also known as ''chaurasi'' (eighty-four) because it was meant to be made up of 84 villages. The ''garhs'' were in turn made up of smaller units called ''taluks''. The ''taluk'', which was supposed to contain 12 villages and was also known as ''bahron'' (twelve) was held by a ''dao'' or ''barhainya'' whose authority in the unit closely resembled that of the ''[[Dewan|diwan]]'' within the ''taluk''. The village was held by a ''gaonthia'' or headman.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dube |first1=Saurabh |title=Untouchable Pasts: Religion, Identity, and Power Among a Central Indian Community, 1780-1950 |year=1998 |page=27|publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-3688-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jl-dIbI5kKwC&dq=Haihayavanshi+Kingdom&pg=PA27 }}</ref>

Several parts of [[Chhattisgarh]] country were held by feudatory chiefs who ruled under the suzerainty of the Haihaiyavanshis. Some were [[Kanker State]], [[Sarangarh State]] and [[Sakti State]].<ref>Ratanpur Akhyan by Pandit Shiv Dutt Shastri</ref>{{primary source inline|date=February 2024}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Central Provinces district gazetteers, Vol 10 |date=1906 |publisher=Pioneer Press |location=Allahabad |page=8-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/centralprovinces10cent/page/8/mode/2up?q=ratanpur&view=theater}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}<ref name="IGI">{{cite book |last1=Hunter |first1=William Wilson |title=Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 14 |date=2016 |publisher=Creative Media Partners |isbn=9781313266239 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_408.gif}}</ref>{{unreliable source|reason=Gazetteers written by civil servants are not scholarly works|date=March 2023}}

==See also==
*[[Heheya Kingdom]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Medieval Indian monarchies]]
[[Category:History of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Garha kingdom]]

Kingdom of Haihaiyavansi - Revision history

FranceGqd9358746 at 22:16, 10 April 2026