Ajay Kumar at 17:10, 29 August 2023

2023-08-29T17:10:04Z

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{{Coord|31|35|N|78|25|E|display=title|region:IN-HP_type:adm2nd_source:dewiki}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kinnaur district
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|District]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|size = 250
|photo1a = Old structure in the temple premises at Kamru fort (18425791889).jpg
|photo1b = Chandika Devi temple at Kothi near Rekong Peo Himachal Pradesh India.jpg
|photo2a = Kalpa (8512894537).jpg
|photo2b = Nako Lake and Nako Village, Himachal Pradesh.jpg
|photo3a = Kinnaur kailash(6050m) and Jorkanden (6473 m) from Kalpa photographed By Sumita Roy.jpg
}}
| image_caption = Clockwise from top-left: Kamru Fort, Chandika Devi Temple, [[Reckong Peo]], Nako Lake, [[Kinnaur Kailash]], view of Kalpa
| image_map = Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh (India).svg
| image_map1 =
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Himachal Pradesh
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Reckong Peo
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Reckong Peo]]
| parts_type = [[List of subdistricts in India|Tehsils]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = Kalpa, Pooh, Sangla, Moorang, Hangrang, [[Bhaba Nagar]].
| area_total_km2 = 6401
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 84,121
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 0.00%
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 88.37%(male), 71.34%(female)
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 819<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hpkinnaur.nic.in/demography/|title=Demography of Kinnaur district|website=hpkimnaur.nic.in}}</ref>
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = '''HP-25, HP-26, HP-27'''
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 5 (India)]]
| blank_name_sec2 =
| blank_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|https://hpkinnaur.nic.in/}}
}}

'''Kinnaur district''' is one of the twelve administrative [[list of districts in India|district]]s of the state of [[Himachal Pradesh]] in northern India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hpkinnaur.nic.in|title=About Kinnaur|website=hpkinnaur.nic.in}}</ref> The district is divided into three administrative areas ([[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]], [[Nichar]] (Bhabanagar), and [[Poo, India|Pooh]]) and has six [[tehsil]]s. The administrative headquarters of the district is at [[Reckong Peo]]. The mountain peak of [[Kinnaur Kailash]] is found in this district. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Himachal Pradesh (out of [[List of districts of Himachal Pradesh|12 districts]]), after [[Lahaul and Spiti district|Lahaul and Spiti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hpkinnaur.nic.in/demography/|title=Demographics of Kinnaur|website=hpkinnaur.nic.in}}</ref>

==General==
[[File:Kinner Kailash Mountain Range (edited).jpg|thumb|[[Kinnaur Kailash]] range and the town of [[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]] at dawn|left]]Kinnaur is about {{convert|235|km|abbr=on}} from the state capital, Shimla, located in the northeast corner of Himachal Pradesh bordering Tibet to the east. It has three high mountain ranges, namely [[Zanskar]] and the [[Himalayas]], that enclose the valleys of [[Baspa Valley|Baspa]], [[Satluj Valley|Satluj]], and [[Spiti Valley|Spiti]], as well as their tributaries. The slopes are covered with thick wood, orchards, fields and hamlets. At the peak of [[Kinnaur Kailash]] mountain is a natural rock Shivling (Shiva [[lingam]]). The district was opened to outsiders in 1989. The old [[National Highway 5 (India)|Hindustan-Tibet Road]] passes through the Kinnaur valley along the bank of river [[Sutlej]] and finally enters Tibet at [[Shipki La]] pass. Kinnaur is the second richest district in terms of per capita income after [[Solan]] in Himachal Pradesh.

==History==
Kinnaur was a part of erstwhile ''Chini Tehsil'' of Mahasu district. It became a separate district on 1 May 1960. Earlier, Kinnaur was a north-eastern segment of the erstwhile [[Bushahr]] principality, which had its capital at [[Kamru]]. Later, the capital was shifted to [[Rampur, Himachal Pradesh|Rampur Bushahr]]. After the fall of the [[Kannauj|Kannauj Empire]] the rulers of [[Kamru, Himachal Pradesh|Kamru]] annexed adjoining territories by force and laid the foundation of the state of Bushahr, to which the region of Kinnaur belonged till the dissolution of the state after independence of India. In the absence of authentic historical records the early history of the Kinnaur region is obscure and the reference of the Kinnaur or ''Kannaura'' and their land is by and large confined to legends and mythological accounts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0212_PART_B_DCHB_KINNAUR.pdf|title=Census of Kinnaur|website=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113234200/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0212_PART_B_DCHB_KINNAUR.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Kinnaur also has historical cultural links with [[Ngari Prefecture]] of the [[Tibetan Autonomous Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://himachalwatcher.com/2019/11/21/western-himalayan-silk-route/
|title= Kinnaur-Ngari Corridor: An Argument for The Revival of The Western Himalayan Silk Route - Himachal Watcher|access-date=2020-08-01}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Nako Lake and Nako Village, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|thumb|Himalayan landscape, [[Nako Lake]] and [[Nako, India|village]] shown|left]]A mountainous area, ranging in altitude from {{convert|2320|to|6816|m}}, Kinnaur is one of the smallest districts in [[India]] by population. It is known for the [[Kinnaur Kailash]], a mountain sacred to [[Hinduism|Hindus]], close to the [[China|Chinese]] border.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations|11=1901|12=27,232|13=1911|14=28,470|15=1921|16=28,191|17=1931|18=30,445|19=1941|20=33,238|21=1951|22=34,475|23=1961|24=40,980|25=1971|26=49,835|27=1981|28=59,547|29=1991|30=71,270|31=2001|32=78,334|33=2011|34=84,121|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901]</ref>|align=center}}
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kinnaur district has a population of 84,121.<ref name="districtcensus">{{cite web |year=2011 |title=District Census Handbook: Kinnaur |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/474/download/1544/DH_2011_0212_PART_A_DCHB_KINNAUR.pdf |access-date= |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 620th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]). The district has a population density of {{convert| 13 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}. Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 7.61%. Kinnaur has a [[sex ratio]] of 819 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males, and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 80%. The entire population was rural. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 17.53% and 57.95% of the population respectively.<ref name="districtcensus"/>
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Kinnaur district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Himachal Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11375/download/14488/DDW02C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|76.95}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh|Buddhism]]|yellow|21.50}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.58}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|0.53}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.44}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}
{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Kinnaur district (2011)<ref name="languages"/>
|label1 = [[Kinnauri language|Kinnauri]]
|value1 = 72.05
|color1 = goldenrod
|label2 = [[Hindi]]
|value2 = 8.03
|color2 = orange
|label3 = [[Nepali language|Nepali]] |value3 = 7.03
|color3 = sienna
|label4 = [[Western Pahari|Pahadi]] |value4 = 3.47
|color4 = crimson
|label5 = [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]
|value5 = 1.04
|color5 = darkorange
|label6 = Others
|value6 = 8.38
|color6 = grey}}

At the 2011 census, 72% of the population in the district spoke [[Kinnauri language|Kinnauri]], 16.65% [[Hindi]] and 7.03% [[Nepali language|Nepali]] as their first language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Himachal Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10205/download/13317/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0200.XLSX|website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Climate==
[[File:Hindustan-Tibet Highway.jpg|thumb|200px|Hindustan-Tibet Highway in Kinnaur]]
[[File:Kailash1_1980.jpg|thumb|200px|Kinner Kailash in 1980]]

Most of Kinnaur enjoys a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with long winters from October to May, and short summers from June to September. The lower parts of the Sutlej Valley and the [[Baspa Valley]] receive monsoon rains. The Baspa valley receives highest rainfall in July month.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://raachotrekkers.com/sangla-a-buddhist-town-in-the-lap-of-himalayas/|title=Sangla valley|website=Raacho Trekkers}}</ref> The upper areas of the valleys fall mainly in the rain-shadow area. These areas are considered to be arid regions, similar to the climate of [[Tibet]] and Central Asian countries. A study by the [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|IIT Delhi]] in 2016 established that Kinnaur district has the cleanest air in the country<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wap.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/want-to-breathe-clean-air-travel-to-himachal-s-kinnaur-district-environmental-feature-116042900296_1.html|title=Want to breathe clean air? Travel to Himachal's Kinnaur.|website=Business Standard}}</ref>

== Flora and fauna ==
Portions of Kinnaur are situated high in the [[Himalaya]], where vegetation is sparse and consists primarily of hardy grasses. Alpine species such as [[juniper]], [[pine]], [[fir]], [[Cupressus|cypress]], and [[rhododendron]] can be found at elevations between 3,500 and 5,000 metres, primarily in Middle Kinnaur. At lower altitudes, temperate-climate trees are found, including [[oak]], [[chestnut]], [[maple]], [[birch]], [[alder]], [[magnolia]], [[apple]], and [[apricot]].

[[Yak]]s and [[dzo]]s are reared by local farmers in the higher areas. Scattered populations of the [[Himalayan black bear]] and small [[horse|ponies]] may also be found.

==Politics==
{{transcluded section|source=13th Himachal Pradesh Assembly}}
{{#section:13th Himachal Pradesh Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:13th Himachal Pradesh Assembly|Kinnaur district}}
|}

==Transport==
===Air===
No direct flight commute to Kinnaur. The nearest airport is Shimla Airport that is connected with all the major cities.

===Rail===
Kinnaur does not have any railway service commuting directly to the place. One can reach Shimla that is connected by a narrow-gauge railway line from Kalka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kinnaur.nic.in/how-to-reach/|title=How to Reach|website=Kinnaur}}</ref>

===Road===
Connected by National Highway 05 Kinnaur can be easily reached via [[Shimla]]. Busses run by Himachal Road Transport Corporation ply from Shimla to different parts of Kinnaur.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Nako Village.jpg|[[Nako, Himachal Pradesh|Nako]]
File:Leo_Spiti_NH505_Himachal_Jun18_D72_6785.jpg|[[Leo, Kinnaur|Leo]], view from NH-505 near Nako
File:Kalpa 2015.jpg|[[Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh|Kalpa]]
File:Confluence_Spiti_Satluj_Jun18_D72_6744.jpg|Confluence of the Spiti (left) with the Satluj (right) near Khab
File:Kinnaur 392.jpg|[[Sutlej River]] in [[Kinnaur]] Valley
</gallery>

== See also ==

* [[Kinnauri Nati]]
* [[Kinnauri Shawl]]
* [[Kinnauri language]]
* [[West Himalayish languages]] (Kinnauri languages)
* [[Pahari Kinnauri language]]
* [[Chitkuli Kinnauri language]]
* [[Bhoti Kinnauri]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* [http://hpkinnaur.gov.in/ The official website of Kinnaur]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101125204142/http://himachalpr.gov.in/intranet/Kinnaur/A.%20DISTRICT%20PROFILE.doc DISTRICT PROFILE]
* [http://www.klausdierks.com/Himalaya/photo_documentation-2003.htm Photo Documentation of Lahul-Spiti and Kinnaur-November 2003]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071113031014/http://athene.gis.univie.ac.at/project/nako/ About the 'Nako Research and Preservation Project (NRPP)' of the Vienna University, Austria]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190726111900/http://debashisdey.com/ Murmur of the Lonely Brook] - a book by Debashis Dey based on Kinnaur and the practice of [[Polyandry]]
* [http://www.td-photoscout.com/photos/spiti/ Photo Gallery of Kinnaur and Spiti - Winter 2013]
* [http://devilonwheels.com/kinnaur-valley-travel-guide-kalpa-sangla-chitkul/ Detailed Travel Guide on Kinnaur Valley]
* {{cite web|title=Language Map|url=http://www.kinnauri.com/en/language-map|publisher=Kinnaura Masihi Lok Sahitya Manch|access-date=6 November 2013}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kinnaur district
|North = [[Lahaul and Spiti district]]
|Northeast =
|East = ''[[China]]''
|Southeast =
|South = [[Uttarkashi district]], [[Uttarakhand]]
|Southwest =
|West = [[Shimla district]]
|Northwest = [[Kullu district]]
}}

{{Districts of Himachal Pradesh}}
{{Geo HP}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kinnaur district| ]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]

Kinnaur district - Revision history

Ajay Kumar at 17:10, 29 August 2023