https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=KishtwariKishtwari - Revision history2026-07-31T06:03:20ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Kishtwari&diff=361410&oldid=prevCleanupBot at 03:50, 11 December 20222022-12-11T03:50:09Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|A dialect of Kashmiri language spoken in Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir}}<br />
{{Infobox language<br />
| name = Kishtwari<br />
| altname = Kashtwari<br />
| familycolor = Indo-European<br />
| nativename = ''{{nq|کِشْتَواڑِی}}'', ''𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯''<br/>''Kištawāṛī''<br />
| states = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]<br />
| speakers = 39,748<ref>{{cite web |last1=CENSUS OF INDIA 2011 |title=LANGUAGE |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf |publisher=Government of India |page=7}}</ref><ref name="2011census">{{cite web |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX|work=Census of India 2011 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General }}</ref><br />
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]<br />
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]<br />
| fam4 = [[Dardic languages|Dardic]]<br />
| fam5 = [[Kashmiri languages|Kashmiri]]<br />
| date = 2011 census<br />
| ethnicity = Kishtwari<br />
| image = text(1).png<br />
| iso3 =<br />
| isoexception = dialect<br />
| glotto = kish1245<br />
| glottorefname = Kishtwari<br />
}}<br />
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}<br />
'''Kishtwari''' or '''Kashtwari''' ({{nq|کِشْتَواڑِی}}, 𑚊𑚮𑚧𑚶𑚙𑚦𑚭𑚪𑚯) is a highly distinctive and conservative dialect of the [[Kashmiri language]] spoken in [[Kishtwar Valley]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India. Kishtwari has been classified as a dialect of Kashmiri by scholars such as [[George Abraham Grierson]]. It is one of the two main allegedly Kashmiri dialects (the other being [[Poguli]], perhaps a Western Pahari language) that are spoken outside of the [[Kashmir Valley]].<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Sheikh| first1 = Aejaz Mohammed| last2 = Kuchey| first2 = Sameer Ahmad| date = 2014| title =Kishtwari | journal = Indian linguistics| volume = 75| issue = 3–4| pages = 55–66| issn = 0378-0759}}</ref><br />
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==Overview==<br />
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Grierson, in his [[Linguistic Survey of India]], classified Kishtwari as a highly divergent variety of Kashmiri that had been profoundly influenced by neighbouring [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Pahari languages|Pahari]] languages.<ref>{{cite book |last=Grierson |first=George Abraham Grierson |author-link=George Abraham Grierson |pages=344–383 | volume=8 | title=Linguistic Survey of India}}</ref> Grierson noted that Kishtwari is more conservative in certain aspects than other Kashmiri dialects, as evidenced by the retention of subject pronoun ''thu'', in addition to the [[present participle]] ''an'', features that have disappeared in Standard Kashmiri. A wordlist and preliminary grammatical sketch of Kishtwari were compiled in ''The Languages of the Northern Himalayas''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Thomas Grahame |author-link=Thomas Grahame Bailey |pages=61–70 |title=Languages of the Northern Himalayas}}</ref> <br />
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The 1911 Census of India recorded 7,464 speakers of Kishtwari.<br />
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== Script ==<br />
[[File:Kashtwari.png|thumb|Specimen in Kashtwari language from Grierson's [[Linguistic Survey of India|LSI]] Vol. VIII, Pt. II, page 386|alt=|center]]<br />
Grierson remarks that an idiosyncratic variant of [[Takri script|Takri]] is used to write the Kishtwari language; as well as observing that there does not appear to be standard spelling nor a consistent orthography.<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Indo-Aryan languages}}<br />
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[[Category:Kashmiri language]]<br />
[[Category:Kishtwar district]]</div>CleanupBot