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{{short description|9th Chief Justice of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox Judge
| name = Koka Subba Rao
| image = Justice K. Subba Rao.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Koka Subba Rao photo in 1955
| order = 9th
| office = Chief Justice of India
| termstart = 30 June 1966
| termend = 11 April 1967
| nominator =
| appointer = [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| predecessor = [[Amal Kumar Sarkar]]
| successor = [[Kailas Nath Wanchoo]]
| office2 = [[Chief Justice]] of [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
| termstart2 = 1956
| termend2 = 1958
| nominator2 =
| appointer2 =
| predecessor2 = [[Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur]]
| successor2 = [[P. Chandra Reddy]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1902|7|15}}
| birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1976|5|6|1902|7|15}}
| death_place =
| spouse =
}}
'''Koka Subba Rao''' (15 July 1902 – 6 May 1976) was the ninth [[Chief Justice of India]] (1966–1967). He also served as the Chief Justice of the [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hc.ap.nic.in/aphc/ksrj.html |title=Profile of the Honorable justice Koka Subba Rao at High Court of Andhra Pradesh. |access-date=3 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721163616/http://hc.ap.nic.in/aphc/ksrj.html |archive-date=21 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=04tDyxmNOhsC&pg=PA178&lpg=PA178&dq=Koka+Subba+Rao&source=bl&ots=dnqkm8TRNo&sig=BfeNm3gs22y73irdSuZuAU4C5PU&hl=en&ei=81-eSpYzlobrA5eE9LQB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3#v=onepage&q=Koka%20Subba%20Rao&f=false Koka Subba Rao: Strong-Willed Judge in The Great Indian Patriots]</ref>

==Early life==
He was born into a [[Velama]] family at [[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendravaram]] on the banks of [[Godavari River]] in present day [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{cn|date=November 2012}} His father, a lawyer, died early.{{cn|date=November 2012}} Rao graduated from the [[Government Arts College, Rajahmundry|Government Arts College]], [[Rajamundry]] and studied law at [[Madras Law College]].{{cn|date=November 2012}} He was a good sportsman.{{cn|date=November 2012}}

==Professional life==
He joined the office of his father-in-law, P. Venkata Raman Rao Naidu, who was junior of the Andhra Kesari [[Prakasam Pantulu]]. He was recruited as District Munsif and worked for a few months in [[Bapatla]], [[Guntur]] district.

After Venkata Raman Rao was elevated as Judge of Madras High Court, Subbarao partnered with gifted brother-in-law [[P. V. Rajamannar]], who later became Advocate-General and Chief Justice of Madras High Court. They commanded the cream of legal work from all parts of composite [[Madras]] state. He was elevated to the Bench in 1948.

After the separation of Andhra, Rajaji wanted to send Govinda Menon, a senior judge to head the [[Andhra Pradesh]] High Court to be established in Guntur in 1954. But Prakasam insisted on having Subbarao as the Special Officer to facilitate the formation of High Court. Automatically he became the Chief Justice.

When [[Sri Venkateswara University]] was established at [[Tirupati]] in 1954, Subbarao became its first [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] and remained in the position till the University Act was amended restoring the Chancellorship to the Governor.

After tenures as a judge at [[Madras High Court]] and a Chief Justice at [[Andhra Pradesh High Court]], he was appointed as a Supreme Court judge on 31 January 1958. He was appointed as [[Chief Justice of India]] on 30 June 1966. His most famous judgment was for the landmark [[Golaknath v. State of Punjab]] case where he ruled that Fundamental Rights could not be amended.<ref name="Austin">{{Cite book | last = Austin | first = Granville | title = Working a Democratic Constitution – A History of the Indian Experience | publisher = Oxford University Press | date = 1999 | location = New Delhi | pages = [https://archive.org/details/workingdemocrati00aust/page/n111 201]–202
| url =https://archive.org/details/workingdemocrati00aust| url-access = limited | isbn = 019565610-5 }}</ref>

Subba Rao retired on 11 April 1967 to contest in the fourth presidential elections as the consensus candidate of opposition parties.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081004060941/http://www.supremecourtofindia.nic.in/judges/bio/ksubbarao.htm Supreme Court of India: Biography of K. Subba Rao]</ref>

==Golaknath Case==
The Judgment of SUBBA RAO, C.J., SHAH, SIKRI, SHELAT and VAIDIALINGAM, JJ. was delivered by SUBBA RAO, C.I. According to this Judgment-(i) the power to amend the Constitution is not to be found in Art. 368 but in Arts. 245, 246 and 248 read with Entry 97 of List 1; (ii) the amending power can not be used to abridge or take away the fundamental rights guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution; (iii) a law amending the Constitution is "Law" within the meaning of Art. 13(2) and (iv). the First, Fourth and Seventeenth Amendments though they abridged fundamental rights were valid in the past on the basis of earlier decisions of this Court and continue to be valid for the future. On the application of the doctrine of "prospective overruling", as enunciated in the judgment, the decision will have only prospective operation and Parliament will have no power to abridge or take away Fundamental Rights from the date of the judgment.

The Judgment of WANCHOO, BHARGAVA and MITTER, JJ. was delivered by WANCHOO, J. According to this Judgment (i) the power of amending the Constitution resides in Art. 368 and not in Arts. 245, 246 and 248, read with EntrY 97 of List 1; (ii) there, are no restrictions on the power if the procedure in Art. 368 is followed and all the Parts of the Constitution including Part III can be amended, (iii) an amendment of the Constitution is not "'law" under Art. 13(2); and (iv) the doctrine of "prospective overruling" cannot be applied in India.

HIDAYATULLAH, J. delivered a separate judgment agreeing with SUBBA RAO, CJ. on the following two points: (i) that the power to amend the Constitution cannot be used to abridge or take away fundamental rights; and (ii) that a law amending the Constitution is "law" under Art. 13 (2). He agrees With WANCHOO, J. that the power to amend does not reside in Arts. 245 and 248 read wish Entry 97 of List 1.

Art. 368, according to him, is sui generis and procedural and the procedure when correctly followed, results in an amendment. He does not rely on the doctrine of "prospective overruling". As regards the First, Fourth and Seventh Amendments, these having long endured and been acquiesced in, he does not treat the question of their validity as being before him. As regards the Seventeenth Amendment he finds sufficient support for it in the Constitution as amended by the First, Fourth and Seventh Amendments and holds that the new definition of "estate", introduced by the Amendment, though it is "law" under Art. 13 (2) and is an inroad into fundamental rights, is beyond the reach of the courts because it falls within the word "law" in Arts. 31 (1), (2), 2A and 31A(1). He, however, declares section 3 of the Seventeenth Amendment Act ultra vires the amending process as an illegitimate exercise of the amending power. [BACHAWAT and RAMASWAMI, JJ. delivered separate judgments concurring with WANCHOO, J.]

==Political life==
He has contested for the [[President of India]] in 1967 as a candidate of united opposition parties. He lost the elections to [[Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]].

He died on 6 May 1976.

==Honours==
* [[Bangalore University]] honoured him with Doctorate.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Notes==
* Luminaries of 20th Century, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 2005.
* Koka Subba Rao : Strong-Willed Judge in The Great Indian patriots, Volume 2, P. Rajeswar Rao, page. 178.

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{{succession box | title=[[Chief Justice of India]] | before=[[Amal Kumar Sarkar]] | after=[[Kailas Nath Wanchoo]] | years=30 June 1966 – 11 April 1967}}
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{{Chief Justices of India}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rao, Subba}}
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:People from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of India]]
[[Category:1902 births]]
[[Category:1976 deaths]]
[[Category:Candidates for President of India]]
[[Category:Chief Justices of the Andhra Pradesh High Court]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian judges]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Judges of the Madras High Court]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian lawyers]]

Koka Subba Rao - Revision history

imported>Nitesh003 at 16:44, 23 August 2021