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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox military structure
|name = Kolaba
|partof =
|location = [[Raigad District]], [[Maharashtra]]
|image =[[File:Kolaba Fort - Alibag.JPG|300px]]
|caption = Kolaba fort from Alibag
|map_type = India Maharashtra
|map_size = 300
|map_alt =
|map_caption = Shown within Maharashtra
|type =
|coordinates = {{coord|18.6344|72.8642|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline}}
|code =
|built =
|builder =
|materials = stone
|height = sea level
|used =
|demolished =
|condition = Fairly good
|ownership =
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = Indian Govt.
|garrison =
|current_commander =
|commanders =
|occupants = Nil
|battles =
|events =
|image2 =
|caption2 =
}}
'''Kolaba Fort''' located at Alibag beach is an old [[fortified]] maritime base in [[Alibaug]], [[Konkan]], India. It is situated in the sea at a distance of 1–2 km from the shores of [[Alibag]], 35 km south of [[Mumbai]], in the [[Konkan]] region of [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is a popular tourist destination and a protected monument.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606093840/http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 June 2013 |title=List of the protected monuments of Mumbai Circle district-wise }}</ref>

== History ==

The first mention of Kulaba fort is when it was chosen by [[Shivaji]] to be fortified after the whole of South Konkan became free.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} The work of constructing the fort started in 19 March 1680. In 1662, he strengthened and fortified Kolaba fort to make it one of his chief naval stations.<ref name="sen2">{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra |title=A Textbook of Medieval Indian History |publisher=Primus Books |year=2013 |isbn=978-9-38060-734-4 |pages=207}}</ref> The command of the fort was given to Darya Sarang and Mainak Bhandari under whom Kolaba Fort became the centre of the Maratha attacks on British ships.<ref name=gazette/> Kolaba Fort was captured by Chatrapati Shivaji.

The fort was completed in June 1681 by Chatrapati Sambhaji Raje after the death (in 1680) of [[Shivaji]].<ref>[http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/marathi/Colaba-Trek-Raigad-District.html Colaba Trek Raigad District]</ref> In 1713, under a treaty with Peshwa [[Balaji Vishwanath]], Kolaba along with several other forts was given over to [[Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6533/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> He used it as his main base from which to launch raids on British ships. In 17 November 1721, the British, incensed at Angre's activities, joined the Portuguese in an expedition against Kolaba. A Portuguese land force of 6000 and three English ships of the line under Commodore Mathews co-operated but the attempt failed. The British blamed the failure on the "cowardice of the Portuguese". About this time Kolaba is described by Hamilton as a fort built on a rock, a little way from the mainland and at high water an island.<ref name=gazette/> On 4 July 1729, Kanhoji Raje Angre died on the Kolaba Fort. In 1729, many buildings were destroyed due to a major fire incident near the Pinjara Bastion. In 1787, another major fire incident took place in which the Angre Wada was destroyed. In 1842, the British sold the wooden structures in the fort by auction and used the stones for the construction of Alibag water works.{{cn|date=January 2019}}

==Etymology==
The exact origin of the name Kolaba is unclear, but has been suggested to be derived from ''kolvan'' or ''kolbhat'', meaning a [[Koli people|Koli]] hamlet, and also from ''kalabeh'', which means a neck of land jutting out into the sea.<ref name="Hakluyt ">{{cite book|author=Hakluyt Society|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Works/eIHgAAAAMAAJ|title=Works by Hakluyt Society|publisher=Kraus Reprint|year=1967|isbn=|page=7}}</ref>

== Major features ==

The average height of the fort walls is 25 feet. It has two main entrances, one on the seaside and the other towards Alibag. An interesting feature of this fort is that it has [[freshwater]] wells in its premises even though it is a seaside fort. In the [[monsoons]], the fort can be reached by wading through waist-deep water at low tide. However, at high tide, boats must be used to reach it.
In that fort, there are temples. Many tourists come to visit Kolaba Fort. In the fort are houses in which several people stay to take care of that fort. The celebration of Ganesh festival. Many people come to in this festival. The fort should be visited during the low sea tide timings. There is a Dargah of Haji Kamaluddin Shah on the fort. Near the northern wall of the fort lie, two English cannons mounted on wheels. The inscription on the cannon is "Dawson Hardy Field, [[Low Moor Ironworks]], Yorkshire, England".Dawson,Hardy and Field were directors of this major ironworks from c1790 . The Siddhivinayak temple inside the fort was built by [[Raghoji Angre]] in 1759.<ref name="gazette">{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency|publisher=Govt Central Press|date=1883|pages=261–265|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4bMIAAAAQAAJ&q=kolaba+fort&pg=PA260|access-date=2009-03-19}}</ref>

<gallery>
Image:Colaba Fort, 1855.jpg|Colaba or Kolaba Fort, 1855.
Image:Kolaba fort east side.jpg|Kolaba Fort walls hugging the sea
Image:Kolaba fort north side.jpg|Water tank at the centre of Kolaba Fort
Image:Kolaba fort central temple.jpg|Siddhivinayak temple in Kolaba Fort
Image:Alibag_Fort1.JPG|Looking out to sea
Kolabafort west side.jpg|Kolaba Fort entrance
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[Maratha Army]]
* [[Military history of India]]
* [[Kanhoji Angre]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category|Kolaba fort}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{Forts in India}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Sea forts]]
[[Category:Forts in Raigad district]]

Kolaba Fort - Revision history

Bot at 05:28, 29 October 2022