->Chandan Guha at 15:47, 21 October 2021

2021-10-21T15:47:54Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kolebira
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7074|N|84.6932|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Simdega district|Simdega]]
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 437.44
| population_total = 71283
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = [[Official language|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835211
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialling|STD]] code
| area_code = 0625
| registration_plate = JH 20
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 70.40%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khunti (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khunti]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Kolebira (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kolebira]]
| website = {{URL|simdega.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kolebira block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Simdega Sadar subdivision of [[Simdega district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
Gumla district was carved out of Ranchi district in 1983. Till 30 April 2001, Simdega was a subdivision of Gumla district and was made a separate district from that date.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://gumla.nic.in/about-district/ |title = Gumla |work = About district | publisher= Gumla district authorities| access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
According to a [[Press Information Bureau|PIB]] release in 2018, Simdega is one of the thirty districts most affected by [[Left wing extremism]] in the country (along with twelve other districts of Jharkhand). “The terrain of the district is very tough and geography is favourable for naxal activities.” All police stations in the district are well fortified and equipped to handle the situation. Community policing activities are being prioritised to involve the simple village folk.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181336 | title = Maoist and Naxal activities in the country| work = 1 August 2018| publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India| access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/simdega | title = District Police Profile Simdega| work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Hemant Soren]], Chief Minister of Jharkhand, has claimed, in September 2021, that as a result of the effective action against [[Far-left politics|Left wing extremism]], the “presence of hardcore Maoists has been limited to mainly four regions, namely Parasnath Pahar, Budha Pahar, Tri-junction of Seraikela-Khunti-Chaibasa district in Kolhan division and some of the areas along the Bihar border”.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/sep/26/presence-of-maoists-limited-to-only-four-regions-in-jharkhand-claims-cm-hemant-soren-2364060.html | title= Presence of Maoists limited to only four regions in Jharkhand, claims CM Hemant Soren | publisher = The New Indian Express, 26 September 2021 | accessdate = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Simdega district lies in the south-western part of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. It has been described as “a dissected upland of ancient crystalline rocks” The general elevation of the district is {{convert|300 to 700|m}} above mean sea level. The landscape is formed of hills and undulating plateau. The Major rivers of this area are [[Sankh River|Sankh]], [[Deo River|Deo]], Girwa, and Palamara.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 8: Physical aspects |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhanhttp://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/Jharkhand/Simdega.pdfd/Simdega.pdf |title = Ground Water Information Booklet Simdega District, Jharkhand State | work= 4. Hydrology |publisher= Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

Kolebira CD block has an area of 437.44 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2022_PART_B_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Pages 26-27: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>[[Kolebira#Police station|Kolebira]] police station serves Kolebira CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/simdega| title= District Police Profile - Simdega |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Kolebira CD block is located at [[Kolebira]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Simdega district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

Kolebira CD block is bounded by [[Basia block|Basia]] in Gumla district on the north, [[Bano block|Bano]] CD block on the east, [[Jaldega block|Jaldega]] CD block on the south, and [[Thethaitangar block|Thethaitangar]] and [[Simdega block|Simdega]] CD blocks on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/simdega.html | title = Simdega CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/gumla.html | title = Gumla CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | access-date = 17 October 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kolebira CD block had a total population of 71,283, all of which were rural. There were 35,993 (50%) males and 35,290 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 11,437. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 9,292 (13.04%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 44,590 (62.55%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kolebira CD block was 42,131 (70.40% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 23,248 (77.33% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 18,883 (63.40% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 13.92%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Simdega district was 67.59%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 14 October 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 14 October 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Simdega district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
At the time of the [[2011 Census of India]], 53.91% of the population in the district spoke [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 22.50% [[Mundari language|Mundari]], 15.44% [[Kharia language|Kharia]], 4.02% [[Hindi]], 1.44% [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] and 1.36% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref>[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue]</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=18 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Simdega, 2011 census,'' [[Christians]] formed 51.14% of the population of Simdega district, followed by [[Hindus]] (33.61%), [[Muslims]] (2.52%), other religions (12.33%) and those with negligible percentages of the population- Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains, and religion not stated.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 30: Note on Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

[[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 424,407 and formed 70.78% of the total population of Simdega district. Within the scheduled tribes the more populous tribes were (percentage of ST population in 2011 in brackets): [[Munda people|Munda, Patars]] (33.61%), [[Kharia people|Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill Kharia]] (25.42%), [[Oraon people|Oraon, Dhangar Oraons]] (20.13%), [[Gondi people|Gonds]] (5.77%) and Lohras (5.32%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 31: Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The ''District Census Handbook, Simdega,'' mentions, “Simdega is one of the least developed districts in the country... As per the survey conducted for the year 1997 –2002 five-year plan more than 60% of population is below poverty line.”<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 9 : District Development Scenario, Agriculture| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>Another report says that 80% and over of the population of Simdega district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Simdega district came down to 38.26%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher [[rural poverty]]."<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Kolebira CD block'''
|value1 = 60.25
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 25.07
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.68
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 11.99
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Kolebira CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 21,939 and formed 60.25%, agricultural labourers numbered 9,128 and formed 25.07%, household industry workers numbered 977 and formed 2.68% and other workers numbered 4,367 and formed 11.99%. Total workers numbered 36,411 and formed 51.08% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 34,872 and formed 48.92% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Simdega, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 53 and 56 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Gumla, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 11-33 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 53 inhabited villages in Kolebira CD block. In 2011, 27 villages had power supply. 1 village had tap water (treated/ untreated), 53 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 53 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 5 villages had post offices, 8 villages had sub post offices, 5 villages had telephone (land lines), 38 villages had mobile phone coverage. 53 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 17 villages had bus service (public/ private), 13 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 5 villages had taxi/ vans, 22 villages had tractors. 3 villages had bank branches, 2 villages had agricultural credit societies, 27 villages had [[public distribution system|ration shops]], 34 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2022_PART_A_DCHB_Simdega.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Simdega, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 222-226 Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Simdega,'' the rural population depends mainly on agriculture for a living. Agriculture in Simdega is in a very primitive state. The district has about 32% of forested area. Out of 1,34,024 hectares of cultivable land only 4,669.83 hectares of land is irrigated. Agriculture is mainly dependent on seasonal rain. The average rainfall of the district is 1100-1200 mm but much of it remains unutilised.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2021_PART_A_DCHB_GUMLA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Simdega, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 9 : Forest, Agriculture| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 18 October 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Simdega district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 19 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012|publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 19 October 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Kolebira CD block had 15 villages with pre-primary schools, 50 villages with primary schools, 32 villages with middle schools, 6 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, all villages have educational facility.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/2022_PART_A_DCHB_SIMDEGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Simdega 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 222-224 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 20 October 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Culture==
Kolebira is surrounded with rock mountain and having old temples . Six Major Temples are 1. Mahadev Sharna Shiv Temple, Near Kolebira Dam, 2. Devi Gudi, Durga Temple near High School, 3. Mahaveer Mandir Near bano Chowk, 4. Bhagwan Jagannath Temple at Bhawar Pahar and 5. Ramnavmi Mandir at Ramnavmi Pahar and 6. Bhaghchandi Mandir 10 km From Kolebira .

==Healthcare==
Kolebira CD block had 1 village with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centre]], 14 villages with primary health subcentres, 2 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensary/ health centres, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 11 villages with medicine shops.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Simdega district}}
{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Simdega district]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

Kolebira block - Revision history

->Chandan Guha at 15:47, 21 October 2021