171.76.237.88 at 16:37, 4 March 2022

2022-03-04T16:37:56Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}
{{Short description|Maratha princely state of India}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|conventional_long_name = Kolhapur State
|common_name = Kolhapur State
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely state]]
|era =
|year_start = 1710
|date_start =
|event_start =
|event1 = Acceded to [[Dominion of India]]
|date_event1 = 1947
|date_end =
|year_end = 1 Mar 1949
|event_end = Merged into [[Bombay State]]
|p1 = Maratha Empire
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Kolhapur flag.svg
|image_coat = Kolhapur State Emblem, 1946.jpg
|symbol_type = State Emblem
|image_map = Kolhapur State Map, 1912.jpg
|image_map_caption = Kolhapur State Map, 1912
|stat_area1 = 8332
|stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 910,011
|today = [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
|footnotes =
|native_name=
|demonym=
|capital=[[Kolhapur]]
}}
'''Kolhapur State''' or '''Kolhapur Kingdom''' (1710–1949) was a [[Maratha]] [[princely State]] of [[India]], under the [[Deccan Division]] of the [[Bombay Presidency]], and later the [[Deccan States Agency]].<ref>{{cite book |title=[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India|The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 15]]|chapter=Kolhapur State|publisher=Oxford at Clarendon Press |year=1909|pages=380–87 |chapter-url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_386.gif |ref=Hi }}</ref> It was considered the most important of the Maratha principalities with the others being [[Baroda State]], [[Gwalior State]] and [[Indore State]]. Its rulers, of the [[Bhonsle]] dynasty, were entitled to a 19-gun salute – thus [[Kolhapur]] was also known as a 19-gun state. The state flag was a swallow-tailed saffron pennant.<ref>[[#Hi|Gazetteer, p. 380]]</ref>

[[File:Kolhapur New Palace.jpg|thumb|right|[[New Palace, Kolhapur|New Palace]], [[Kolhapur]]]]
[[File:Maharani Tarabai of Karvir.jpg|alt=Maharani Tarabai.|thumb|250px|Maharani [[Tarabai]]. Founder of the Karvir State]]
[[File:ShahuIV 1874-1922.jpg|thumb|Rajarshi [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu]] of Kolhapur (r. 1894 – 1922)]]

Kolhapur State, together with its ''[[jagir]]s'' or feudatory vassal estates (including [[Ichalkaranji Jagir|Ichalkaranji]]), covered an area of 3,165 square miles (8,200 km<sup>2</sup>).<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Kolhapur |volume=15 |page=889}}</ref> According to the 1901 census, the state population was 910,011, of which 54,373 resided in Kolhapur Town. In 1901, the state enjoyed an estimated revenue of £300,000.<ref name=EB1911/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kolhapur.html |title=Kolhapur Princely State (19 gun salute) |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052605/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/k/kolhapur.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History ==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2010}}
The [[Maharaja]]s of Kolhapur have a common ancestry with the Bhonsle dynasty of [[Satara State|Satara]], being direct descendants of the [[Maratha]] King [[Shivaji]]. The states of Satara and Kolhapur came into being in 1707, because of the succession dispute over the Maratha kingship. [[Shahuji]], the heir apparent to the Maratha kingdom, captured by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] at the age of nine, remained their prisoner at the death of his father [[Sambhaji]], the elder son of Shivaji the founder of the [[Maratha Empire]], in 1689. The Dowager Maharani [[Tarabai]] (wife of [[Rajaram I]]) proclaimed her son [[Shivaji II]], as Chhatrapati under her regency. The Mughals released Shahu under certain conditions in 1707, and he returned to claim his inheritance. He defeated the regent at the Battle of Khed and established himself at Satara, forcing her to retire with her son to Kolhapur. By 1710 two separate principalities had become an established fact. Shivaji II and Tarabai were soon deposed by the other wife of Rajaram, Rajasbai. She installed her own son, [[Sambhaji II]] as the new ruler of Kolhapur. Sambhaji II signed the Treaty of Warana in 1731 with his cousin [[Shahu I|Shahuji]] to formalize the two separate seats of Bhonsle family. The British sent expeditions against Kolhapur in 1765 and 1792;<ref name=EB1911/> Kolhapur entered into treaty relations with the British, after the collapse of the Maratha confederacy in 1812. In the early years of the 19th century the [[British Empire|British]] invaded again, and appointed a political officer to temporarily manage the state.<ref name=EB1911/><ref>Manohar Malgonkar, ''Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur'', Pub. Popular Prakashan, 1971.</ref>

A [[regent]] called Daji Krishna Pandit [[Court of Wards (India)|was installed]] by the British to govern the state in 1843 at a time when the natural heir to the throne was underage. He took direction from a political agent of the [[East India Company]] and among their actions were reforms to the tax of land. These reforms caused much resentment and, despite Kolhapur having refrained from involvement in the previous [[Anglo-Maratha Wars]], a revolt against the British began in 1844. The rebellion began with soldiers locking themselves into hill-forts such as those as [[Panhala Fort|Panhala]] and [[Vishalgad Jagir|Vishalgad]], and then spread to Kolhapur itself. Both the regent and the political agent were captured by the militia forces led by Babaji Ahirekar.<ref>{{cite book |title=Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt |first=Richard |last=Gott |publisher=Verso Books |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-84467-738-2 |page=343 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sNoz_F_wQPkC&pg=PA343}}</ref>

The last ruler of Kolhapur was Maharaja Shahaji II. After Indian [[independence]] in 1947, Kolhapur acceded to the [[Dominion of India]] on 14 August 1947 and merged into [[Bombay State]] on 1 March 1949. In 1960 Bombay state was divided by languages into the states of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]]. {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} The boundaries of former Kolhapur state correspond very closely with those of modern-day Kolhapur district in [[Maharashtra]] state.

== Rulers of Kolhapur ==
=== Rajas ===
*1710 – 2 Aug 1714 '''[[Shivaji II]]''' (b. 1696 – d. 1726)
*2 Aug 1714 – 18 Dec 1760 '''[[Sambhaji II]]''' (b. 1698 – d. 1760)
*20 Dec 1760 – 17 Feb 1773 '' Rani '''Jiji Bai''' (f) – Regent(b. 1716 – d. 1773)''
*22 Sep 1762 – 24 Apr 1813 ''' [[Shivaji III]]'''(b. 1756 – d. 1813)
*24 Apr 1813 – 2 Jul 1821 ''' [[Sambhaji III]]''' (b. 1801 – d. 1821)
*2 Jul 1821 – 3 Jan 1822 ''' [[Shivaji IV]]''' (b. 1816 – d. 1822)
*2 Jul 1821 – 3 Jan 1822 '' ''' Shahaji''' -Regent (b. 1802 – d. 1838)''
*3 Jan 1822 – 29 Nov 1838 '''[[Shahaji of Kolhapur|Shahaji]] '''
*29 Nov 1838 – 4 Aug 1866 ''' [[Shivaji V]]''' (b. 1830 – d. 1866)
*29 Nov 1838 – 1845 Rani '' '''Sai Bai''' (f) -Regent (d. 1861)''
*4 Aug 1866 – 30 Nov 1870 '''[[Rajaram II]]''' Nagaji Rao (b. 1850 – d. 1870)
*30 Nov 1870 – 12 Oct 1871 '' Rani '''Tara Bai''' (f) – Regent (b. 1855 – d. 1874)''
*12 Oct 1871 – 25 Dec 1883 ''' [[Shivaji VI]]''' Chhatrapati Narayana Rao (b. 1863 – d. 1883)
*25 Dec 1883 – 17 Mar 1884 '' Rani '''Anand Bai''' (f) – Regent''
*17 Mar 1884 – 1900 '''[[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu]]''' Chhatrapati Jashwant (b. 1874 – ''see below'')

=== Maharajas ===
*17 Mar 1884 – 20 Mar 1885 '' '''Jaisinhrao Ghatge''' - Regent''
*1900 – 6 May 1922 '''[[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu]]''' Chhatrapati (''see above''; d. 1922)
*6 May 1922 – 26 Nov 1940 ''' [[Rajaram III]]''' Chhatrapati (b. 1897 – d. 1940)
*26 Nov 1940 – 18 Nov 1942 '' '''Tara Bai''' (f) -Regent (1st time) (b. 1904 – d. ....)''
*18 Nov 1942 – 28 Sep 1946 ''' [[Shivaji VII]]''' Chhatrapati (b. 1941 – d. 1946)
*22 Nov 1942 – 31 Mar 1947 '' ''' Tara Bai''' (f) -Regent (2nd time) (s.a.)''
*31 Mar 1947 – 14 Aug 1947 ''' [[Shahaji II]]''' Chhatrapati (b. 1910 – d. 1983)

===Titular Maharajas===
*15 Aug 1947 – 9 May 1983 '''[[Shahaji II]]'''
*1983 – present '''[[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Shahu II]]'''

=== Family tree ===
[[File:Kolhapur Royal Family.jpg|thumb|300px|Royal family of the erstwhile Kolhapur state in 2011]]
{{Tree list}}
*Babaaji Bhonsle
**{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Maloji Bhosale]] (1552–1606/20/22)
***[[Shahaji|Shahaji Bhonsle]] (c.1594–1664)
****{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|15px]] '''[[Shivaji|SHIVAJI]] The king of the Maratha Kingdom (c.1630–1680; Emperor: 1674–1680)'''
*****[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|15px]] '''[[Sambhaji]], King of the Maratha kingdom''' (1657–1689; r. 1680–1689)
*****{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple gold crown.svg|15px]] '''[[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]], King of the Maratha Kingdom''' (1670–1700; r. 1689–1700)
******[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''I. [[Shivaji II]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1696–1726; Raja of Kolhapur: 1710–1714)
******{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''II. [[Sambhaji II]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1698–1760; r. 1714–1760)
***{{Tree list/final branch}} Sharifjirao
****{{Tree list/final branch}} Trimbukjirao
*****{{Tree list/final branch}} Venkatjirao
******{{Tree list/final branch}} Mankojirao
*******{{Tree list/final branch}} Shahajirao
********[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''III. [[Shivaji III]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1756–1813; r. 1762–1813)
*********[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''IV. [[Sambhaji III]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1801–1821; r. 1813–1821)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''V. [[Shivaji IV]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1816–1822; r. 1821–1822)
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VI. [[Shahaji of Kolhapur|Shahaji I]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1802–1838; r. 1822–1838)
**********[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VII. [[Shivaji V]], Raja of Kolhapur''' [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (1830–1866; r. 1838–1866)
**********Shrimati Akhand Soubhagyavati Aubai Patankar m. (1845) Shrimant Sardar Ramchandrarao Patankar, Patil of Patan
***********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VIII. [[Rajaram II]], Raja of Kolhapur''' (1850–1870; r. 1866–1870)
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} Shrimati Akhand Soubhagyavati Balabai Maharaj Ghatge (d. 1867), m. (1848) Meherban Shrimant Chiranjiva Rajashri Narayanrao Ghatge, Sarjerao, Chief of Kagal Junior (c. 1833–1881)
***********{{Tree list/final branch}} HH Meherban Shrimant Rajamanya Rajashri Jaisinhrao Ghatge, Sarjerao, Vazarat, Ma-ab, Chief of Kagal Senior (1857–1885) m. (2nd; 1878) Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Radhabai Sahib Ghatge
************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''X. [[Shahu of Kolhapur|Shahu I]], Maharaja of Kolhapur''' [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|GCIE]], [[Royal Victorian Order|GCVO]] (1874–1922; r. 1884–1922; Raja of Kolhapur: 1884; Maharaja of Kolhapur: 1900)
*************HH Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Maharani Radhabai Maharaj Puar, Maharani of Dewas Senior (1894–1973) m. (1908) HH Tukojirao III, Maharaja of Dewas Senior [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (1888–1937)
**************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''XIII. [[Shahaji II]], Maharaja of Dewas Senior, Maharaja of Kolhapur''' [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]] (1910–1983; Maharaja of Dewas Senior: 1937–1947; Maharaja of Kolhapur: 1947–1949; titular ruler: 1949–1971; family head: 1971–1983)
***************{{Tree list/final branch}} Shrimant Akhand Soubhagyavati Maharajkumari Shaliniraje Sahib Maharaj Bhonsle (b. 1929) m. (1945) Shrijut Raje Rajaramsinhrao Laxmanrao Bhonsle (d. 1970)
****************{{Tree list/final branch}} '''XIV. [[Shahu II of Kolhapur|Shahu II]], Maharaja of Kolhapur''' (b. 1948; family head: 1983–present)
*************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''XI. [[Rajaram III]], Maharaja of Kolhapur''' [[Order of the Star of India|GCSI]], [[Order of the Indian Empire|GCIE]] (1897–1940; r. 1922–1940)
********Sambhajirao
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} Ramchandrarao
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} Narayanjirao
***********{{Tree list/final branch}} Dinkarrao (b. 1832)
************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''IX. [[Shivaji VI]], Raja of Kolhapur''' [[Order of the Star of India|KCSI]] (1863-1883; r. 1871-1883)
********{{Tree list/final branch}} Swarupjirao
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} Mankojirao
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} Yashwantrao (1832–1884)
***********{{Tree list/final branch}} Appa Sahib
************{{Tree list/final branch}} Shivajirao
*************{{Tree list/final branch}} Shankarrao (b. 1922)
**************{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''XII. [[Shivaji VII]], Maharaja of Kolhapur''' (1941–1946; r. 1941–1946)
{{Tree list/end}}

{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

== Feudatory Jagirs ==
There were Eleven Feudatory Jagirdars of Kolhapur. They all paid Nazar on succession equal to a year's net income of their Jagirs and also an annual contribution towards the maintenance of military force. They are:<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sudarisanam A N|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.85432|title=Indian States Register And Directory 1929|date=1929}}</ref>

* Vishalgad
* Bavda
* Kagal (Senior)
* Kagal (Junior)
* Kapshi
* Torgal
* Ichalkaranji
* Himmat Bahadur
* SarLashkar Bahadur
* Shahi Sarnobat
* Raovishvasrao

== See also ==
* [[Maratha]]
* [[Maratha Empire]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)]]
* [[:Category:Maharajas of Kolhapur|Maharajas of Kolhapur]]
* [[Panhala Fort]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal |title=The Maharaja of Kolhapur and the Non-Brahmin Movement 1902-10 |first=Ian |last=Copland |journal=Modern Asian Studies |volume=7 |issue=2 |year=1973 |pages=209–225 |jstor=311776 |doi=10.1017/s0026749x0000456x}}

== External links ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}
* [http://www.hubert-herald.nl/BhaMaharashtra2.htm Mumbai and Princely States Heraldry]

{{Princely states of India}}
{{Kolhapur district topics}}
{{Princely states of the Deccan States Agency}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|16|41|N|74|14|E|region:IN-KN_type:city_source:kolossus-cawiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Princely states of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Kolhapur]]
[[Category:History of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1710]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1949]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:1710 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1949 disestablishments in India]]

Kolhapur State - Revision history

171.76.237.88 at 16:37, 4 March 2022