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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox mine
| name = Korba Coalfield
| image =
| width =
| caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chhattisgarh
| pushpin_label = Korba Coalfield
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in India
| coordinates = {{coord|22|20|30|N|82|34|4|E|region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| place =
| subdivision_type = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| state/province = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| country = [[India]]
| owner = [[South Eastern Coalfields Limited ]]
| official website = http://secl.gov.in/
| acquisition year = 1985
| stock_exchange =
| stock_code =
| products =
| financial year =
| amount =
| opening year =
| closing year =
}}
'''Korba Coalfield''' is located in [[Korba district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Chhattisgarh]] in the basin of the [[Hasdeo River]], a tributary of the [[Mahanadi River|Mahanadi]].

==The coalfield==
Korba Coalfield is located between latitudes 220 15’ N and 220 30’ N and longitudes 820 15’ E and 82055 ’ E.<ref name=seminar>R. Venugopal, T.Sharma, V.K.Saxena, N.R.Mandre (editors), International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, 6–8 January 2005, Jointly organized by Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad and Indian Institute of Mineral Engineers, p. 606, Tata Mc Graw Hill {{ISBN|978-0-07-059921-5}}</ref> Korba Coalfield covers an area of about {{convert|530|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geologydata.info/coal_03.htm |title=Geological and Geographical description of coalfields in India |publisher=geologydata.info |access-date=2011-09-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331115928/http://www.geologydata.info/coal_03.htm |archive-date=2012-03-31 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://energybusiness.in/cils-expansion-projects-chhattisgarh-be-delayed-further/ | title = CIL's expansion projects in Chhattisgarh may be delayed further | publisher = The Energy Business|access-date = 2011-09-04 }}</ref> According to [[Geological Survey of India]], total reserves (including proved, indicated and inferred reserves) of non-coking coal (as on 1.1.2004) in Korba Coalfield was 10,074.77 million tonnes, out of which 7,732.87 was up to a depth of 300 m and 2,341.90 million tonnes was at a depth of 300–600 m.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf| title =Coal Resources of India (As on 1.1.2004)| publisher =Coal Wing, Geological Survey of India, Kolkata| access-date =2011-09-06| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120327022156/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/IndiaCoalResources2004.pdf| archive-date =2012-03-27}}</ref>

Coal mined at Korba coalfield generally has the following characteristics – moisture: 4.5–7.4 per cent, volatile matter: 27.9–39.2 per cent, fixed carbon: 34.1–47.7 per cent, ash content: 11.2–31.6 per cent.<ref name=admin>{{cite web| url = http://korba.nic.in/kwMines.htm| title = Korba – the land of black diamond, kosa silk and thermal power| work = Mineral Resources| publisher = Korba district administration| access-date = 2011-09-01| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172537/http://korba.nic.in/kwMines.htm| archive-date = 2011-07-21}}</ref>

==Operations==
Though coal has been mined in Korba coalfields since 1941, large scale production could be initiated only on completion of the Champa-Korba rail link in 1955.<ref>Shri Kamal Sharma, Spatial Framework and Economic Development, p. 158, Northern Book Centre, {{ISBN|81-7211-111-8}}</ref> [[Open-pit mining|Open cast mining]] activities in the Korba Coalfield are now being carried out. Korba Coalfield accounts for a major portion of coal mined by [[South Eastern Coalfields Limited]]. The 2010 production of SECL was 101.15 tonnes, out of which 73.35 tonnes came from Korba Coalfield.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.globalmethane.org/Data/Coal_IN_Korba_flyer.pdf| title = Coal Mine Project Opportunity| work =Korba Coalfield |access-date = 2011-09-01 }}</ref>

Sub-areas of Korba Coalfield are: Korba, Surakachhar, Rajgamar, Manikpur, Dhelwadih, Kushumunda and Gevra. The major working coalmines are: Surakachhar, Banki, Balgi, Rajgamar, Pavan, Manikpur, Dhewadih, Singhali, Bagdeva, Kusumunda, Laxman, Gevra and Dipka.<ref name=admin/>

===Gevra Open Cast Mine===

[[File:GEVRA DUMPERS.jpg|thumb|Dumpers in Gevra mine]]
Gevra mine is an open cast mine complex at the town of Gevra that has been described as the largest open cast mine in India and Asia, as well as the world's second-largest.<ref name=admin/><ref>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ssFDjw_wKu8C&q=Gevra+largest&pg=PA413 | title = Geoenvironmental reclamation: International Symposium | work = p. 413| isbn = 9789058092199 |access-date = 2011-09-04 | last1 = Paithankar | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Agarwal | first2 = R. K. | last3 = Jha | first3 = Pramod Kumar | date = January 2001 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.2space.net/news/article.php?art=244909&ut=1260165004 | title = Miners work at the Gevra coalmines in the central Indian state ...| publisher = Space |access-date = 2011-09-04 }}</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/cmb/pdf/EMN_Jan-Mar_09.pdf | title = L&T delivers HD 785 dump trucks to SECL| work = L&T Earthmover News| publisher = Larsen & Toubro | date=January–March 2009 | volume = 22|number=1 |access-date = 2011-09-04 }}</ref> As of 2011 it has a capacity of 35 million tonnes per annum.<ref name=pollution>{{cite web | url = http://www.cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/ess/Korba.pdf | title = Action Plan – Development of Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Abatement Action Plan for Critically Polluted Area Korba | work = January 2011 | publisher = Chhattisgarh Environment Conservation Board | access-date = 2011-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402030623/http://www.cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/ess/Korba.pdf | archive-date = 2 April 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It was opened in 1981. During 1999–2000, it produced over 18 million tonnes of coal and removed 12 million m3of overburden. In 2000, Gevra mine had a plan to expand from 12 million tonnes per annum to 25 million tonnes per annum.<ref>Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes of Geoenvironmental Reclamation at Gevra Open Cast Project (SECL) – A Case Study by S.K.Puri, Addl GM, Gevra Project, reproduced in Geoenvironmental Reclamation: International Symposium, 2000, P.413, {{ISBN|90-5809-219-4}}</ref> Actual production was raised from 18 million tonnes to 26 million tonnes annually in 3½ years.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://ccl.gov.in/comp/fd%27s_prfil/t_k_nag.htm | title = Sri T.K.Nag, Director (Technical/ Operations)| publisher = CCL|access-date = 2011-09-01 }}</ref> SECL reported that on 18 March 2007, Gevra Open Cast Mine produced 100,000 tonnes of coal,<ref name=bs>{{cite web | url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/secl-ug-mines-to-use-new-tech/285826/ | title = SECL UG mines to use new tech | publisher = Business Standard, 28 May 2007 |access-date = 2011-09-04 }}</ref> the highest quantity of coal ever produced by any mine or coalfield in India on a single day.<ref name=bs/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.steelguru.com/sfTCPDF/getPDF/MjAxODU%3D/CILs_SECL_makes_day_record_for_coal_output_in_March.html| title = CIL's SECL makes day record for coal output in March| publisher = Steelguru, 13 April 2007 |access-date = 2011-09-04 }}</ref> Expansion of capacity of Gevra mine from 35 million tonnes annually to 43.75 million tonnes annually has been awaiting environmental clearance since 2009.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.financialexpress.com/news/question-remains-on-cils-expansion-projects-in-chhattisgarh/775749/2 | title = Question remains on CIL's expansion projects in Chhattisgarh – Question remains on CIL's expansion projects in Chhattisgarh | publisher = Financial Express, 13 April 2011|access-date = 2011-09-03 }}</ref>

===Dipka Open Cast Mine===
Dipka Open Cast Mine has an annual capacity of 25 million tonnes.<ref name=pollution/>

===Kusmunda Open Cast Mine===
Kusmunda Open Cast Mine has an annual capacity of 10 million tonnes.

==Pollution==
In a paper on "Assessment of impact of Coal and Minerals Related Industrial Activities in Korba Industrial Belt Through Spectroscopic Technique" by Rajesh Kumar, Gurdeep Singh and Asim Kumar Pal, the authors highlighted, "Korba Coalfield has been identified as one of the hot spots and the worst polluted area in India. There is widespread concern of air pollution due to emission of particulates from various mining and allied activities."<ref name=seminar />

The main sources of pollution in the Korba area are coal-based power plants, smelter and open cast mines at Gevra, Dipka and Kusmunda. Large scale transportation of coal raises a pollution problem. Amongst steps taken or underway to check pollution in the area are: widening and repairs of roads in Gevra, Dipka and Kusmunda mines and procurement of Continuous Ambient Air Monitoring Stations at Gevra and Dipka mines.<ref name=pollution/>

==Coal washeries==
There is a pronounced degree of contamination in the coal from open cast mines. Such coal often has ash content averaging 40 per cent. Moreover, with multiple sources of supply, the quality is inconsistent. Even 6–8 per cent reduction in ash improves coal quality significantly. Coal preparation, or washing as it is commonly referred to, is both economical and environmentally beneficial.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://87.224.35.44/tech_papers/17th_congress/2_1_18.asp | title = Beneficiation of Coal – an economic option for the Indian power industry | last = R K Sachdev | work = Huston Congress: Technical Papers | publisher = World Energy Council | access-date = 2011-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120402070752/http://87.224.35.44/tech_papers/17th_congress/2_1_18.asp | archive-date = 2 April 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Coal preparation plant|Coal washeries]] are being established in Korba Coalfields. ACB (India) had set up a washery at Dipka in 1999, gradually upgrading capacity from 1 million tonnes per annum to 12 million tonnes per annum.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://acbindia.com/aboutus_companyprofile.aspx | title = Company Profile| publisher = ACB (India) Ltd. |access-date = 2011-09-07 }}</ref> The KJSL Coal Washery at Dhatura in Pali tehsil has an annual capacity of 2 million tonnes.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.kjslgroup.com/i/washery.html | title = Washery| publisher = KJSL Group|access-date = 2011-09-07 }}</ref>

==Power plants==
There are several coal-based [[thermal power station]]s in the area consuming coal from Korba Coalfield. [[Korba Super Thermal Power Plant]] of [[National Thermal Power Corporation|NTPC]] has installed capacity of 2,600 MW. It gets coal from Gevra and Kusmunda mines.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ntpc.co.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=297&Itemid=83&lang=en | title = Korba | publisher =NTPC |access-date = 2011-09-07 }}</ref>
Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited has three power stations in the area: Korba East Thermal Power Station has installed capacity of 440 MW, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal Power Station (Korba East) 500 MW, and Hasdeo Thermal Power Station (Korba West) 840 MW.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/statistics/installed_capacity.htm | title = Unit wise Installed Capacity, Date of Commissioning & Date of Commercial Generation | publisher = Chhattisgarh State Power Generation Company Limited | access-date = 2011-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110810170649/http://www.cseb.gov.in/cspgcl/statistics/installed_capacity.htm | archive-date = 10 August 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The captive power plant of [[Bharat Aluminium Company|Balco]] (BCPP) has an installed capacity of 270 MW.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://mines.nic.in/writereaddata/Contentlinks/af76b8f581704df08120797a67a87651.pdf | title = Chapter VI – Bharat Aluminium Company Limited | access-date = 2011-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120330191402/http://mines.nic.in/writereaddata/Contentlinks/af76b8f581704df08120797a67a87651.pdf | archive-date = 30 March 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> It is coming up with a 1,200 MW power expansion project.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.balcoindia.com/projects/projects.aspx | title = Projects of Balco | publisher = Vedanta Balco | access-date = 2011-09-07 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110902182534/http://www.balcoindia.com/projects/projects.aspx | archive-date = 2 September 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web | url = http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-56832020110506 | title = Interview – Except in China, coal loses in new power plants | publisher = Reuters |access-date = 2011-09-04 }} Photo at the top of the article shows Gevra mine (hover cursor over the image to see caption)

{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{Coalfields}}

[[Category:Coalfields of India]]
[[Category:Economy of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Korba district]]
[[Category:Korba, Chhattisgarh]]

Korba Coalfield - Revision history

>GreenC bot at 13:00, 5 July 2021