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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|71st raga in the Melakarta}}<br />
{{Use British English|date=October 2011}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}<br />
{{Carnatic}}<br />
{{Infobox ragam<br />
| name = Kosalam<br />
| synonym =<br />
| image_name =<br />
| image_alt =<br />
| mela =<br />
| chakra =<br />
| type =<br />
| arohanam = {{svaraC|S|R3|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'}}<br />
| avarohanam = {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R3|S}}<br />
| jeeva =<br />
| chhaya =<br />
| nyasa =<br />
| vishesha =<br />
| equivalent = Lydian #2 scale<br />
| similar =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Kosalam''' (pronounced kōsalam) is a [[raga]]m in [[Carnatic music]] (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is the 71st ''[[Melakarta]]'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music and is the ''prati madhyamam'' equivalent of ''[[Shoolini]]'', which is the 35th ''melakarta''. It is called '''Kusumākaram''' in [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]] school of Carnatic music.<ref name="dikshitar">''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai</ref><ref name="ragas">''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications</ref><ref name="raganidhi">''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras</ref><br />
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==Structure and Lakshana==<br />
[[Image:Kosalam scale.svg|thumb|right|300px|''Kosalam'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C]]<br />
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''Kosalam'' is the 5th rāgam in the 12th ''chakra Aditya''. The mnemonic name is ''Aditya-Ma''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ru gu mi pa dhi nu''.<ref name="ragas" /> Its ''{{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}}'' structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see [[Swara#Svaras in Carnatic music|''swaras'' in Carnatic music]] for details on below notation and terms):<br />
*[[Arohana|{{IAST|ārohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S|R3|G3|M2|P|D2|N3|S'|foot=yes}}<br />
*[[Avarohana|{{IAST|avarohaṇa}}]]: {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M2|G3|R3|S|foot=yes}}<br />
(the scale's notes are ''shatsruthi rishabham, antara gandharam, prati madhyamam, chathusruthi dhaivatham, kakali nishadham'')<br />
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''Kosalam'' is a ''melakarta'' rāgam and hence, by definition, it is a [[sampoorna raga|''sampoorna'' rāgam]] (it has all seven notes in ascending and descending scale).<br />
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== ''Janya'' rāgams ==<br />
''Kosalam'' has a ''[[janya]]'' rāgam (derived scale) associated with it. See [[List of Janya Ragas#Kosalam|List of ''janya'' rāgams]] for list of rāgams associated with ''Kosalam'' and other ''melakarta'' rāgams.<br />
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== Compositions ==<br />
A few compositions set to ''Kosalam'' rāgam are:<br />
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*''Kusumaakara Shobhitha'' by [[Muthuswami Dikshitar]]<br />
*''Sri chakrapura vasini'' by [[Muthiah Bhagavatar]]<br />
*''Idi neeku nyayama'' by [[Mysore Vasudevachar]]<br />
*''Ubhaya kaveri'' by [[Veene Sheshanna]]<br />
*''Ka Guha Shanmukha'' by [[Koteeswara Iyer]]<br />
*''Ō ManasĀ muktiNi ganumu'' by [[Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna]]<br />
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Famous Movie song incorporating Kosalam is Sundari Kannal from Dalapathy movie in addition to Kalyani.<br />
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The song Paarthene from [[Mookuthi Amman]] by [[Girishh Gopalakrishnan]] is also based on Kosalam.<br />
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== Related rāgams ==<br />
This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of ''Kosalam''.<br />
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''Kosalam's'' notes when shifted using ''[[Graha bhedam]]'', yields 3 other ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''[[Keeravani]]'', ''[[Hemavati (ragam)|Hemavati]]'' and ''[[Vakulabharanam]]''. ''Graha bhedam'' is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the ''shadjam'' to the next note in the rāgam. For further details and an illustration refer ''[[Graha bhedam#Keeravani|Graha bhedam on Keeravani]]''.<br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{notelist|30em}}<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Portal|India|Music}}<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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{{Melakarta ragas|state=collapsed}}<br />
{{Janya|state=collapsed}}<br />
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[[Category:Melakarta ragas]]</div>5.194.57.203