CleanupBot II at 09:13, 14 August 2023

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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox dam
| name = Koyna Dam कोयना धरण
| image = Water_being_released_from_the_gates_of_Koyana_Dam_in_Satara_district,_Maharashtra,_India.jpg
| image_caption = Konya Dam as it releases water during the [[2021 Maharashtra floods]].
| name_official = Koyna Dam D05104
| dam_crosses = [[Koyna River]]
| location = [[Koyna Nagar]], [[Maharashtra]] [[India]]
| dam_type = Rubble-concrete dam
| dam_length = {{Convert|807.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_height = {{Convert|103.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| dam_width_base =
| spillway_type =
| spillway_capacity =
| construction_began = 1956
| opening = 1964<ref>{{cite web | url=http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Koyna_D05104 | title=Koyna D05104 | access-date=1 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233544/http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Koyna_D05104 | archive-date=2 December 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| demolished =
| cost =
| owner = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| res_name = [[Shivajisagar Lake]]
| res_capacity_total = {{Convert|2797400000|m3|acre feet|abbr=on}}
| res_catchment =
| res_surface = {{Convert|891.78|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}}
| res_max_depth =
| plant_operator =
| plant_turbines = Koyna dam foot powerhouse: 2 x 20 [[Megawatt|MW]] stage 1: 4 x 70 [[Megawatt|MW]] stage 2: 4 x 75 [[Megawatt|MW]] stage 3: 4 x 80 [[Megawatt|MW]] stage 4: 4 x 250 [[Megawatt|MW]] Total = 18 [[Francis turbine]]s
| plant_capacity = 1,960 [[Megawatt|MW]]
| plant_annual_gen =
| plant_commission =
| plant_decommission =
| location_map = India Maharashtra
| location_map_caption = Location of Koyna Dam in [[Maharashtra]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17|24|06|N|73|45|08|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| website =
| extra = {{Official website|http://www.koynaproject.org/}}
}}

The '''Koyna Dam''' is one of the largest [[dam]]s in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is a rubble-concrete dam constructed on [[Koyna River]] which rises in [[Mahabaleshwar]], a hillstation in [[Sahyadri]] ranges. It is located in [[Koyna Nagar]], [[Satara district]], in the [[Western Ghats]] on the state highway between [[Chiplun]] and [[Karad]].

== Details ==
The main purpose of the dam is [[hydroelectricity]] with some [[irrigation]] in neighboring areas. Today the [[Koyna Hydroelectric Project]] is the largest completed hydroelectric power plant in India<ref name="Largest_hydroelectric_power_plants_in_India">{{cite web|title=Electricity in India - Sources, Generation, Usage of Power in india|url=http://www.india-reports.com/articles/ElectricityInIndia/electricity_india_hydroelectric_largest_powerplant.aspx|publisher=india-reports.com}}</ref> having a total installed capacity of {{nowrap|1,960 [[Megawatt|MW]]}}. Due to its electricity generating potential Koyna river is considered as the 'life line of Maharashtra'.<ref name="koyna-sanctuary-plundered">{{cite web|title=Koyna Sanctuary Plundered|url=http://www.downtoearth.org.in/content/koyna-sanctuary-plundered|access-date=14 November 2011|publisher=downtoearth.org.in|date=31 January 2011}}</ref>

The spillway of the dam is located at the center. It has 6 [[radial gate]]s. The dam plays a vital role of [[flood controlling]] in [[monsoon]] season. The catchment area dams the Koyna river and forms the [[Shivasagar Lake]] which is approximately {{Convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length. It is one of the largest civil engineering projects commissioned after Indian independence. The Koya hydro-electric project is run by the [[Maharashtra State Electricity Board]].{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

The [[dam]] has withstood many [[earthquake]]s in the recent past, including the devastating [[1967 Koynanagar earthquake]], resulting in the dam developing some cracks. After the [[disaster]] [[grouting]] of the cracks was done. Also internal holes were drilled to relieve the [[hydrostatic]] pressures in the body of the dam. Indian scientific establishment has formulated an ambitious project to drill a deep [[borehole]] in the region and intensely study the earthquake activity. This would help in better understanding and possible forecast of earthquakes. The proposal is to drill up to 7 km and study the physical, [[geological]] and [[chemical]] processes and properties of the [[reservoir]] triggered earthquake zone in real time. It would be an international project to be led by Indian scientists.<ref>{{cite news|title=Major project to study earthquake activity at Koyna|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Major-project-to-study-earthquake-activity-at-Koyna/article20111617.ece|newspaper=The Hindu Business Line|date=21 March 2011|access-date=18 January 2020}}</ref>

In 1973 the non-overflow portion of the dam was strengthened, followed by strengthening the [[spillway]] section in 2006. Now the dam is expected to be safe against any future earthquake, including ones with a higher intensity than that of 1967.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

{|
|[[File:Koyna-Dam2.jpg|thumb|left|The Koyna Dam in Maharashtra]]
|[[File:Koyna-Dam3.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Shivajisagar Lake]]]]
|}

== See also ==
{{stack|}}
* [[Koyna Hydroelectric Project]]
* [[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve]]
** [[Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary]]
* [[List of power stations in India]]
* [[List of conventional hydroelectric power stations]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.koynaproject.org/}}
* [https://www.WaterFallKoyna.com WaterFallKoyna]

{{Satara district topics}}
{{Hydrography of Maharashtra}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Dams in Satara district]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1964]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1964]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Gravity dams]]
[[Category:Dams in Western Ghats]]

Koyna Dam - Revision history

CleanupBot II at 09:13, 14 August 2023