->Justlettersandnumbers at 21:05, 15 May 2020

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{{short description|Indian breed of draught cattle}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{use list-defined references|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cattle breed
| name = Krishna Valley
| image = Krishna-cow 01.JPG
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| status = {{ubl|[[FAO]] (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|page=58}}}}
| altname =
| country = India
| distribution = northern [[Karnataka]]
| standard =
| use = [[draught cattle|draught]]
| weight =
| maleweight = 550 kg{{r|cabi|page=222}}
| femaleweight = 325 kg{{r|cabi|page=222}}
| height =
| maleheight = 150 cm{{r|cabi|page=222}}
| femaleheight = 116 cm{{r|cabi|page=222}}
| skincolour =
| coat = greyish white
| horn = horned
| subspecies = "indicus"
| note =
}}
[[File:Krishna Valley bull.jpg|thumb|Males have darker colouring than cows]]
{{Distinguish|text = [[Krishna valley]], a large ISKCON farm in Hungary}}
The '''Krishna Valley''' is an Indian [[list of cattle breeds|breed]] of [[draught cattle]].{{r|marl}} It originated in the areas drained by the [[Krishna River|Krishna]], [[Ghataprabha]] and [[Malaprabha]] rivers. It is a recently{{hyphen}}created breed, bred in the late nineteenth century as a [[draught animal]] for agricultural purposes.

== History ==

The Krishna Valley is a relatively modern breed. It was bred from about 1880 by the [[Maratha|Mahratta]] Rajas of the southern part of [[Hyderabad State]] (now [[Maharashtra]]). A local breed known as Gaonti was [[cross-bred]] with [[Gir (cattle)|Gir]], [[Kankrej]] and [[Ongole (cattle)|Ongole]], with [[selective breeding|selection]] for the [[draught cattle|power]] and size needed to plough the sticky soil of the valleys of the [[Krishna River]] and its tributaries such as the [[Ghatprabha]] and the [[Malaprabha]].{{r|cabi|marl|page=222|joshi|page3=98}} Its range included the [[districts of India|districts]] of [[Sangli District|Sangli]], [[Satara District|Satara]] and [[Solapur District|Solapur]] in Maharashtra, and of [[Belgaum District|Belgaum]], [[Bijapur District, Karnataka|Bijapur]] and [[Raichur District|Raichur]] in Karnataka.{{r|lrrd}} The [[Rao (title)|Rao]] of [[Sangli State|Sangli]] was a noted breeder of these cattle.{{r|joshi|page=98}}

In 1946 the total breed population was estimated to be approximately 650 000; by 2012 it was believed that the number had fallen below 1000 head.{{r|cabi|page=222}} The range of the breed has contracted, and it is now found only in northern [[Karnataka]],{{r|lrrd}} in the districts of [[Bagalkot District|Bagalkot]], Belgaum and Bijapur. A [[breed conservation]] programme was started in the early twenty-first century. [[Semen]] was collected from eight selected bulls; more than 4000 doses were used for [[artificial insemination]], and another 8000 doses were frozen for conservation in the [[gene bank]] of the [[National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources]].{{r|icar|ankush}} A small conservation herd is kept at [[Bangalore]].{{r|cabi|page=222}}

== Use ==

The Krishna Valley was bred for heavy draught work, both for ploughing agricultural land and for the transport of crops such as cotton and [[sugar cane]]. It was among the [[zebuine]] breeds used in the creation of the American [[Brahman cattle|Brahman]] composite breed.{{r|briggs|page=192}}

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist|45em|refs=

<ref name=ankush>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181020191945/http://www.ankush.org.in/holycow.html Krishna Valley]. Ankush – Environmental Protection Organization/Suvarnapuri Vaidika Gosamrakshana Seva Kendra. Archived 20 October 2018.</ref>

<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, D. Pilling (eds.) (2007). [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a1250e/a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{ISBN|9789251057629}}. Accessed January 2017.</ref>

<ref name=briggs>Hilton Marshall Briggs, Dinus M. Briggs (1980). [https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=3eIqAQAAMAAJ ''Modern Breeds of Livestock''], fourth edition. New York: Macmillan. {{isbn|9780023147302}}.</ref>

<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{ISBN|9781780647944}}.</ref>

<ref name=icar>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120125090956/http://www.icar.org.in/en/node/4150 Revival of Krishna Valley cattle breed]. Indian Council of Agricultural Research. Archived 25 January 2012.</ref>

<ref name=joshi>N.R. Joshi, R.W. Phillips (1953). [http://www.fao.org/3/an469e/an469e00.pdf ''Zebu cattle of India and Pakistan'']. FAO agricultural studies, number 19. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.</ref>

<ref name=lrrd>S.M.K. Karthickeyan, R. Saravanan, P. Thangaraju (2006). [http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/11/kart18151.htm Characterization of Krishna Valley breed of cattle (''Bos indicus'') in south India using microsatellite markers].
''Livestock Research for Rural Development'' '''18''' (11).</ref>

<ref name=marl>Marleen Felius (1995). [https://books.google.it/books?id=iXImAQAAMAAJ ''Cattle Breeds: An Encyclopedia'']. Doetinchem, Netherlands: Misset. {{ISBN|9789054390176}}.</ref>

}}

{{Cattle breeds of India}}
[[Category:Cattle breeds originating in India]]
[[Category:Cattle breeds]]

Krishna Valley - Revision history

->Justlettersandnumbers at 21:05, 15 May 2020