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{{Short description|Tribal community in India, Nepal and Bangladesh}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Kudmi Mahato
| regions = [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]], [[Nepal]], and [[Bangladesh]]
| languages = '''Native language –''' [[Kurmali language|Kudmali/Kurmali]]<br/> '''Secondary language –''' [[Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| religions = Hinduism<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.katwacollegejournal.com/issues/J%20Islam-Sociology-Social%20Mobility%20Movement%20of%20Kudmi-Mahato.pdf|publisher=International Journal of Research on Social and Natural Sciences |title=Social Mobility Movement of Kudmi-Mahato in Jhargram District of West Bengal: A Sociological Case Study|access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref><br/>Sarna Dharam<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-11 |title=Kudmis relax road blockade, to meet chief secretary today |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/kudmis-relax-road-blockade-to-meet-chief-secretary-today-8549524/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
}}
The '''Kudmi Mahato''' are a tribal community in the states of [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]] and [[Odisha]] of [[India]]. They are primarily agriculturalist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bandh-in-jharkhand-as-kurmi-outfits-seek-inclusion-in-st-list-5149067/|title=Bandh in Jharkhand as Kurmi outfits seek inclusion in ST list|website=Indian express|date=24 April 2018 |accessdate=29 August 2023}}</ref>

==Classification ==
Kudmi were classified as a [[Criminal Tribes Act|Notified Tribe]] by the [[British Raj]] under the terms of the Indian Succession Act introduced in 1865 as they have customary rules of succession.<ref name="Bera">{{cite book |last1=Bera |first1=Gautam Kumar |title=The Unrest Axle: Ethno-social Movements in Eastern India |date=2008 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-8324-145-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|110}} Kudmi of Chotanagpur are different from [[Kurmi]] of Gangetic plain.<ref name="Bera" /> According to Mahanta (2003) kudmi follow [[totemism]] which stamps them as [[Dravidian people|Dravidian]] descent and resembles to Dravidian tribe around them according to book ''[[The Tribes and Castes of Bengal]]'' (1891) written by [[Herbert Hope Risley]].{{r|Bera|p=113}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Māhāta |first=Paśupati Prasāda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXhuAAAAMAAJ&q=kudmis+in+Dravidian |title=Sanskritization Vs Nirbakization |date=2000 |publisher=Sujan Publications |isbn=978-81-85549-29-3 |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, in 1913, they were classified as a Primitive tribe. Then they were omitted from the list of communities listed as tribes in the 1931 census.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1nqYqBBf_IC&pg=PA340 |title=Issues in Indian Politics |author=Lalan Tiwari |publisher=Mittal |year=1995 |isbn=9788170996187 |page=340 }}</ref>

They were not in the list of [[Scheduled Tribe]]s drawn up in 1950. They are included in the list of [[Other Backward Class]]es in the States of Jharkhand,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central List of Castes under Category OBC for Jharkhand |url=https://jharsewa.jharkhand.gov.in/resources/pdf/20/OBC.pdf |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=jharkhand.gov.in}}</ref> West Bengal<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Other Backward Classes in West Bengal |url=https://www.wbcbc.gov.in/html/obc-list.html |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=wbcbc.gov.in}}</ref> and Odisha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OBC List (Central) |url=https://stsc.odisha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-09/OBC_List_Central_Web-upload_.pdf |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=stsc.odisha.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/kurmis-in-tribal-status-cry/cid/807085|title=Kurmis in tribal status cry|website=telegraphindia}}</ref> In 2004, the [[Government of Jharkhand]] recommended that they should be listed as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] rather than [[Other Backward Class]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Cabinet-recommends-inclusion-of-Kurmis-in-ST-list/articleshow/935673.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Cabinet recommends inclusion of Kudmis in ST list |first=Jaideep |last=Deogharia |date=25 November 2004 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref> The Tribal Research Institute of [[Government of India]] recommended against this proposal, claiming they are a sub-caste of the [[Kunbi]] and thus different to tribal people.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wdqoIVgN7YgC |title=Tribal Movements in India |date=2006 |publisher=Ajay Kumar Jain |isbn=978-81-7304-704-6 |pages=116 |language=en |quote=Another remarkable thing is that the Kurmis of Chota nagpur have no sub-division, no sub-caste or even no sub groups. This singleness of the unity of the community totally differentiates it from the Kurmis of Bihar who are divided into sub-castes, e.g., the Awadhia, Ghamaila, Kochaisa, Dhanuk, Joshwar, Sindriya, etc. This lack of division singularly confirms that the Kurmis of Chotanagpur have migrated somewhere from central part of India, where they have their original kinsmen, Kunbis. .. The totemistic organization of the Kurmis further indicate that Kurmis of Chotanagpur are distinct and different from the Kurmis of North Bihar who have titular gotras.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Ronit Kumar |date=2022-09-22 |title=Kurmi Community Continues 'Rail Roko' Protest Over Demand For ST Status, Train Services Affected |url=https://thelogicalindian.com/trending/kurmi-community-stages-rail-roko-protest-over-demand-for-st-status-37528 |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=thelogicalindian.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bhaskar"/> Therefore, In 2015, the [[Government of India]] refused to approve the recommendation of Jharkhand government to list the Kudmi Mahato as Schedule Tribe.<ref name="bhaskar">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/jha-ran-hmu-lcl-issue-of-status-of-kurmi-caste-5815355-pho.html|title=कुरमी को ST का दर्जा तभी, जब TRI अनुशंसा करे, लेकिन रिसर्च वाला ही कोई नहीं है|website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref>

The language of Kudmi is [[Kurmali language|Kudmali/Kurmali]]. But according to study, Kurmali language have vocabulary which is neither [[Dravidian language|Dravidian]] nor [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]]. The Kudmi people once spoke a distinct language, neither [[Munda languages|Munda]] nor [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] but also not [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]], and at some point switched to the regional [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] ''[[lingua franca]]'' of that time, leaving a distinct substrate in their new language.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Paudyal |first1=Netra P. |last2=Peterson |first2=John |date=2020-09-01 |title=How one language became four: the impact of different contact-scenarios between "Sadani" and the tribal languages of Jharkhand |journal=Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=327–358 |doi=10.1515/jsall-2021-2028 |s2cid=233732014 |issn=2196-0771|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In April 2023, a Kudmi organization of West Bengal and Jharkhand engaged in rail blockages and demanded Scheduled Tribe status,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/demand-for-st-status-state-puts-ball-in-the-centres-court-kudmis-plan-bigger-stir-8551436/|title=Demand for ST status: State puts ball in the Centre's court, Kudmis plan bigger stir|publisher=Indian express|date=12 April 2023|access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref> a demand which was opposed by some scheduled tribes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/tribals-oppose-parties-supporting-kurmis-demand-for-st-status/articleshow/98465184.cms|title=Tribals oppose parties supporting Kurmi's demand for ST status in Jharkhand|publisher=TimesofIndia|date=7 March 2023|access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://lagatar24.com/kudmi-stir-for-st-status-angers-tribals-in-jharkhand/123093/|title=Kudmi stir for ST status angers tribals in Jharkhand |publisher=Lagatar24|date=26 September 2022|access-date=13 April 2023}}</ref>

==Religion and culture ==
Social organisations of this tribal community have agitated for scheduled tribe status and recognition of their traditional [[Sarna (religion)|Sarna]] religion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Behind the Kudmis' agitation in Bengal and Jharkhand for Scheduled Tribe status |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/who-are-kudmis-and-why-they-are-protesting-in-bengal-8553035/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> During the 20th century, some Kudmis of [[Chhotanagpur]] underwent a social change of [[Kshatriyaization]] along with the [[Kurmi]] of North India<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pinch |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/89/mode/1up?q=kurmi&view=theater |title=Peasants and monks in British India |last2=R. |first2=William |date=1996 |publisher=Berkeley : University of California Press |pages=89 |quote=A striking feature of these peasant based social movements in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is the quality of their leadership. A new educated elite, which had begun to penetrate the lower and middle rungs of government service, provided the organizational frame for the status claims among communities formerly identified as servile. This is most evident among Kurmis, the first peasant community to organize a campaign for Kshatriya identity. By the 1890s the Kurmi-Kshatriya movement was being coordinated on a broad, transregional level.}}</ref>

Historically, the Kudmi Mahatos have been a noble class{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} who were landowning zamindars.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mahato |first=Lakshmi Kanta |date=December 2022 |title=Socio-Political Mobilization of Kudmis in Junglemahal Region of West Bengal |url=https://www.ijfmr.com/papers/2022/6/1682.pdf |journal=International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=3 |quote=The major community of this region is Kudmi community and it is historically proven that they are rebellious in nature and are reluctant to be a slave, in other words they like to be independent and non-interference of outsiders, preferring the profession of cultivation. As they are one of the major community and are cultivators, owned a vast track of land. It is widely believed that if the said community was being included in the Schedule Tribe list, it was impossible to acquire their land to establish major industrial city like Bokaro, Dhanbad, and Jamshedpur.}}</ref> They exhibit upper-caste status<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Soma |title=Indigenous People and Nature |chapter=Bhumij in a heterogeneous society: Negotiating hierarchies and access to water in the Jungle Mahals of West Bengal |date=2022 |chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323916035000191 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-91603-5.00019-1 |pages=241–256 |isbn=978-0-323-91603-5 |quote=The Kurmi Mahato people exhibit an upper-caste status in the Pargela village and in lieu of that treat the Bhumij and scheduled castes in an inferior way.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sarkar |first=Soma |title=Indigenous People and Nature |chapter=Bhumij in a heterogeneous society: Negotiating hierarchies and access to water in the Jungle Mahals of West Bengal |date=2022 |chapter-url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323916035000191 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-91603-5.00019-1 |pages=241–256 |isbn=978-0-323-91603-5 |quote=In the villages in the Jungle Mahal area of Purulia district, most of the villages do not have Brahmins. The Mahatos and Kshatriyas are the upper castes there.}}</ref> and performed priestly functions in the temples situated in western [[Rarh region]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarkar |first=Prabhat Ranjan |date=1981 |title=Ráŕh -The Cradle of Civilization, Part 1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/44381706 |journal=Academia.edu |pages=13 |quote=The Kurmi Mahatos of western Ráŕh also performed priestly functions in many such temples.}}</ref>

The traditional occupation of Kudmi is agriculture. Kudmi are divided into 81 clans or gushti including Keshria, Hindowar, Bagh Banwar, Nagwar, Punoriar, Bangsoar, Sankhwar, Kanbindha, Katiar, Dumriar, Karwar etc.<ref name="bhaskar" /><ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uFsVOKk7AqcC&q=katiar+kudmi | title=Man in Biosphere: A Case Study of Similipal Biosphere Reserve | year=2013 | publisher=Anthropological Survey of India | isbn=9788121211635 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paty |first=Chittaranjan Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlAgRweCUoUC&dq=kudmi+totem&pg=PA38 |title=Forest, Government, and Tribe |date=2007 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-8069-406-6 |language=en}}</ref>

They are nature worshipers.{{r|Bera|p=107}} Bari Puja, [[Karam festival|Karam]], Chait Parab, [[Jitiya]], [[Bandna]], [[Tusu Festival|Tusu Parab]] are some of the major festivals of Kudmis. They worship Budha Baba in Madapthan and Garam at garamthan. [[Jhumair]] and [[Chhau dance|Chhau]] are their folk dance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlAgRweCUoUC&pg=PA36|title=Forest, Government, and Tribe|isbn=9788180694066|last1=Paty|first1=Chittaranjan Kumar|year=2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company }}</ref><ref name="etribaltribune">{{Cite web|url=http://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-2/mv2i11/bandana-festival-of-kudmis-of-eastern-india|title=Bandana Festival Of Kudmis Of Eastern India|website=etribaltribune}}</ref>

== Genetics ==
According to National Institute of Biomedical Genomics(NIBMG), the Kudmi Mahatos genetically cluster together with other [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] speaking populations of Bengal & Orissa region<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Basu |first=Analabha |title=National Institute of Biomedical Genomics |url=https://www.nibmg.ac.in/uploads/file-sharing/NIBMG_AR_2022-23_English.pdf |access-date=19 April 2024 |pages=12–15}}</ref> indicating less genetic distance between both the populations. The study also identifies the Kudmi population as Indo-European speaking who have a geographic proximity with the [[Mundari language|Mundari]] speaking populations, also mentioned by [[Genome India Project]] (GIP).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Initial English Annual Report 2022-23 |url=https://dbtindia.gov.in/sites/default/files/Final%20Annual%20Report%20English%202022-23.pdf |access-date=19 April 2024 |website=Department of Biotechnology |pages=67–68}}</ref>

Although clustered together with other Indo-European populations such as Rahri Brahmins, [[Kayastha]], [[Mahishya]] and Oriya Brahmin, they show a considerable affinity with the Austroasiatic populations.<ref name=":4" />

== Roles in Indian's freedom struggle ==
The Kudmi Mahato community played a role in various rebellions in [[Indian independence movement|India's freedom struggle]]. In the [[Quit India Movement]], many Kudmi Mahatos were martyred. Kudmis also actively participated in the [[Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)|non-cooperation movement]]. Five Kudmi Mahato youths were martyred in this movement. These are Gokul Mahato, Mohan Mahato, Sahadeb Mahato, Ganesh Mahato.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Majumdar |first1=Anis Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3puAAAAMAAJ&q=mohan+mahato |title=Regionalism in Indian Politics |last2=Singh |first2=Bhanwar |date=1997 |publisher=Radha Publications |isbn=978-81-7487-094-0 |language=en |pages=133}}</ref> Many were also jailed. Girish Mahato, Nanku Chandra Mahato, Govinda Mahato, Dasharath Mahato, Chunaram Mahato, Mathan Mahato and others were imprisoned in [[Hazaribagh]] Jail during [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi's]] [[civil disobedience movement]]. Padak Mahato was also imprisoned in [[Bhagalpur]] Jail. Sagar Mahato, [[Bhajahari Mahato]], Bhim Mahato, Satyakinkar Mahato, Mohini Mahato were imprisoned for doing satyagraha in 1941. Then in 1942, Satyakinkar Mahato was imprisoned from [[Manbazar]] during the [[Quit India Movement|Quit India movement]]. Chunaram Mahato and Govinda Mahato were martyred during the siege of [[Manbazar|Manbazar police station]] in 1942. Among the women Bhavini Mahato played a prominent role. Jagadish Mahato of [[Dhanbad district|(Dhanbad-Parabasnia)]] also took an active part in the [[Quit India Movement|Quit India movement]]. Many others are also involved.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QxUOEAAAQBAJ&dq=Kaliya+Mahato&pg=PA184|title=The Coolie's Great War: Indian Labour in a Global Conflict, 1914-1921|last=Singha|first=Radhika|date=2020-12-15|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-756690-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdf_JXMklV0C&q=chanku+mahato|title=People of India: Bihar (2 pts.)|last=Singh|first=K. S.|date=2008|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|isbn=978-81-85579-09-2|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urqvDQAAQBAJ&dq=Gokul+Mahato&pg=RA1-PA1917|title=WHO'S WHO OF INDIAN MARTYRS VOL.I|last=CHOPRA|first=P. N.|date=1969|publisher=Ministry of Education and Youth Services, Government of India|isbn=978-81-230-2180-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXhuAAAAMAAJ&q=chunaram+mahato|title=Sanskritization Vs Nirbakization|last=Māhāta|first=Paśupati Prasāda|date=2000|publisher=Sujan Publications|isbn=978-81-85549-29-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ul6fWJQOfzwC&dq=raghunath+mahato&pg=PA46|title=Tribal Movements in Jharkhand, 1857-2007|last1=Mishra|first1=Asha|last2=Paty|first2=Chittaranjan Kumar|date=2010|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-686-2|language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==
===King===
*[[Damodar Sekhar]], 1st Raja of Panchkot Raj{{citation needed|date=March 2026}}

===Freedom Fighters===
*[[Raghunath Mahato]] (1738 – 1778), freedom fighter
*[[Buli Mahato]] (? - 1834), freedom fighter
*[[Chanku Mahato]] (1816 – 1856), freedom fighter
*[[Bhajahari Mahato]], (1911 - 2003), freedom fighter and later become member of parliament from Purilia
*[[Nirmal Mahato]], (1950–1987), Jharkhand freedom fighter

===Politicians===
*[[Abha Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[12th Lok Sabha]] from [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Jharkhand
*[[Amit Mahto]], member of legislative assembly to the [[4th Jharkhand Assembly]] from [[Silli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
*[[Bidyut Baran Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Jharkhand
*[[Binod Bihari Mahato]] (1923–1991), Lawyer and politician
*[[Dhananjay Mahato]] (1919–2014), freedom fighter, social activist and politician
*[[Jagarnath Mahto]] (1967–2023) Former Education Minister of Jharkhand
*[[Anand Mahato]], member of legislative assembly [[Sindri Assembly constituency]] Jharkhand
*[[Jairam Kumar Mahato]], member of legislative assembly to the [[6th Jharkhand Assembly]] from [[Dumri (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
*[[Jyotirmay Singh Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[17th Lok Sabha]] from [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)]], West Bengal
*[[Mathura Prasad Mahto]], member of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
*[[Mriganko Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[16th Lok Sabha]] from [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)]], West Bengal
*[[Narahari Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[15th Lok Sabha]] from [[Purulia (Lok Sabha constituency)]], West Bengal
*[[Nirmal Mahato]] (1950–1987), political activist, Founder of [[AJSU]]
*[[Raj Kishore Mahato]], former member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Sabita Mahato]], member of legislative assembly to the [[5th Jharkhand Assembly]] from [[Ichagarh (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
*[[Shailendra Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[9th Lok Sabha]] from [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Jharkhand
*[[Srikanta Mahata]], member of legislative assembly to the 15th West Bengal Assembly from [[Salboni (Vidhan Sabha constituency)]]
*[[Shiva Mahto]], Member of legislative assembly Bihar (Dumari)
*[[Sudesh Mahto]], former Deputy Chief Minister of Jharkhand
*[[Sudhir Mahato]] (1961–2014) Former Deputy Chief Minister of Jharkhand, JMM
*[[Suman Mahato]], member of parliament to the [[14th Lok Sabha]] from [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Jharkhand
*[[Sunil Kumar Mahato]] (1966–2007), member of parliament to the [[14th Lok Sabha]] from [[Jamshedpur (Lok Sabha constituency)]], Jharkhand
*[[Bablu Mahato]], member of legislative assembly [[6th Jharkhand Assembly]] [[Sindri Assembly constituency]] Jharkhand
*[[Baby Devi]] member of legislative assembly [[Dumri Assembly constituency]]

===Athletes===
*[[Deepika Kumari]], 4 times Olympian Archer
*[[Purnima Mahato]], Achery coach Jamshedpur

== See also ==
*[[Sadan peoples|Sadan people]]
*[[Mahto]]

== Footnotes ==
{{notefoot}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===

{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=Joheb |date=13 June 2020 |title=Social Mobility Movement of Kudmi-Mahato in Jhargram District of West Bengal: A Sociological Case Study |url=http://www.katwacollegejournal.com/issues/J%2520Islam-Sociology-Social%2520Mobility%2520Movement%2520of%2520Kudmi-Mahato.pdf |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Research on Social and Natural Sciences |volume=V |issue=1 |issn=2455-5916 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024224017/http://www.katwacollegejournal.com/issues/J%20Islam-Sociology-Social%20Mobility%20Movement%20of%20Kudmi-Mahato.pdf |archive-date=24 Oct 2020 }}
* {{Multiref2|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MIIiAAAAMAAJ |title=Tribal movements in India |publisher=Manohar Publication |year=1983 |isbn=81-7304-702-2 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=K. S. |location=New Delhi |pages=112 |chapter=The Mahato-Kurmi Mahasabha Movement in Chotanagpur |oclc=9360465 }}
|{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_t1iPwAACAAJ |title=Tribal movements in India |volume=II|publisher=Manohar Publication |year=2006 |edition=Reprint |isbn=9788173047084 |editor-last=Singh |editor-first=K. S. |location=New Delhi |pages=109–117 |chapter=The Mahato-Kurmi Mahasabha Movement in Chotanagpur |oclc=489099980 }} [https://archive.org/details/tmi.singh_vol.ii Alt URL]}}
{{refend}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudumi Mahato}}
[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Agricultural castes]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Tribes of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Tribes of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Tribes of India]]

Kudmi Mahato - Revision history

Serzccd at 10:19, 26 March 2026