2401:4900:3DC5:B87C:D86E:FF61:21EC:CFC at 07:38, 24 October 2022

2022-10-24T07:38:57Z

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{{Short description|Ethnic group of India}}{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox caste|caste_name=Kudumi Mahanta|religions=[[Hindu]]|classification=[[Indo Aryan]]|languages='''Native language-''' [[Kurmali|Kudmali]] <br/> '''Secondary language-''' [[Hindi]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]|country=[[India]]|populated_states=[[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]]|caste_name_in_local=Mahto, Kudmi|status=[[Other backward class|OBC]]}}
The '''Kudumi''' are a community in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha of India. They are also known as Kudumi Mohanta/Mahanta.<ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/21183/IN Kudumi Mahatos in India] ''joshuaproject.net''. Retrieved 29 October 2021.</ref>

== Official classification ==
The Kudmi were classified as a [[Criminal Tribes Act|Notified Tribe]] by the [[British Raj]] under the terms of the Indian Succession Act introduced in 1865 as they have customary rules of succession.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://digital.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/werkansicht/?PPN=PPN664774873&PHYSID=PHYS_0639 |work=The Tribes and castes of Bengal by Risley Herbert Hope|title=Inheritance Law of Kurmi Mahto of Chotanagpur and Orissa}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Subsequently, in 1913, they were classified as a Primitive tribe. Then they were omitted from the list of communities listed as tribes in the 1931 census.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1nqYqBBf_IC&pg=PA340 |title=Issues in Indian Politics |author=Lalan Tiwari |publisher=Mittal |year=1995 |isbn=9788170996187 |page=340 }}</ref> Again, they were omitted from the Scheduled Tribe list drawn up in 1950. In 2004, the [[Government of Jharkhand]] recommended that they should be listed as a [[Scheduled Tribe]] rather than [[Other Backward Class]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Cabinet-recommends-inclusion-of-Kurmis-in-ST-list/articleshow/935673.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Cabinet recommends inclusion of Kurmis in ST list |first=Jaideep |last=Deogharia |date=25 November 2004 |accessdate=14 December 2014}}</ref> The Tribal Research Institute of [[Government of India]] recommended against this proposal, claiming they are a sub-caste of the [[Kunbi]] and thus different to tribal people. Therefore, In 2015, the [[Government of India]] refused to approve the recommendation of Jharkhand government to list the Kudumi Mahato as Schedule Tribe. They are included in the list of [[Other Backward Class]] in the States of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/kurmis-in-tribal-status-cry/cid/807085|title=Kurmis in tribal status cry|website=telegraphindia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/amp/news/JHA-RAN-HMU-LCL-issue-of-status-of-kurmi-caste-5815355-PHO.html|title=कुरमी को ST का दर्जा तभी, जब TRI अनुशंसा करे, लेकिन रिसर्च वाला ही कोई नहीं है|website=www.bhaskar.com}}</ref>

==Culture==
The traditional occupation of Kudmi is agriculture. The language of Kudmi is [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]]. The Kudmis are divided into six divisions. Paribar (family) is the smallest unit. A group of Paribar of same Gusti (clan) living in a place is known as Bakhal/Bakhair (unilineage settlement). The members of some Paribars or Bakhai settled in a locality is known as Kulhi. A group of Kulhi with a separate geographical area, burial ground, agricultural field, grazing land and Akhra forms a Gram (village). Traditionally, a village headman is known as Mahato. A group of twelve village form a Paragan headed by Paraganaif who solves all the inter village dispute. A group of Paragans forms a Thapal controlled by Deshmandal.

Kudmi are divided into 81 clans called Gusti. Shivratri, Tussu, chadak puja, [[Durga Puja]], [[Lakshmi Puja]], [[Kali Puja]], [[Saraswati Puja]], [[Jivitputrika|Jitia]], [[Karam (festival)|Karam]], [[Bandna]] are the major festival of Kudmi. They worship [[Gramadevata]] at gramthan, Lord Shiva (Budhababa), Lord Krishna, Lord Vishnu, Lord Ganesha, Maa Durga, Maa Kali, Maa Saraswati, Maa Lakshmi, Maa Manasa. [[Jhumair|Jhumar]] and [[Chhau dance|Chhau]] are their folk dance.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=kurmi+mahato+gotra&source=bl&ots=dU6TOOWVcc&sig=ACfU3U2av-_1hc2qWdA67CX3IvlSErRrMw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjh-YGSl9_jAhUBqI8KHVroCBs4MhDoATABegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=kurmi%20mahato%20gotra&f=false|title=The Unrest Axle: Ethno-social Movements in Eastern India|website=books.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OlAgRweCUoUC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=Kudmi+Mahato+language&source=bl&ots=spo0dleM6l&sig=ACfU3U04_4TeUoZnrmg0JDyKfS8Ify7uPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb0LTf8OLjAhXLtI8KHSnxDA84ChDoATAHegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=Kudmi%20Mahato%20language&f=false|title=Forest, Government, and Tribe|website=books.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-2/mv2i11/bandana-festival-of-kudmis-of-eastern-india|title=Bandana Festival Of Kudmis Of Eastern India|website=www.etribaltribune.com}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Sadan people]]
*[[Mahto]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kudumi Mahato}}
[[Category:Social groups of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Other Backward Classes]]
[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]]
[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]]

Kudumi Mahato - Revision history

2401:4900:3DC5:B87C:D86E:FF61:21EC:CFC at 07:38, 24 October 2022