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{{Infobox royalty
| name = Kujula Kadphises
| title = [[Kushan]] emperor
| image= Coin of the Kushan king Kujula Kadphises.jpg
| caption = Tetradrachm of Kujula Kadphises (30-80 CE) in the style of [[King Hermaeus|Hermaeus]]. 
'''Obv:''' Hermaios-style diademed bust. Corrupted Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΤΗΡΟΣΣΥ ΕΡΜΑΙΟΥ ("Basileos Sterossy Hermaiou"): "King Hermaeus, the Saviour". 
'''Rev:''' [[Herakles]] standing with club and lion skin.
[[Kharoṣṭhī]] legend: KUJULA KASASA KUSHANA YAVUGASA DHARMATHIDASA "Kujula Kadphises ruler of the Kushans, steadfast in the Law ("[[Dharma]]"). [[British Museum]].
| reign = 30 CE - 80 CE
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Heraios]]
| successor = [[Vima Takto]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house =
| dynasty = [[Kushan]]
| father =
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 80 CE
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
|}}

'''Kujula Kadphises''' (Kushan language: Κοζουλου Καδφιζου, also Κοζολα Καδαφες; [[Kharosthi]]: '''𐨐𐨂𐨗𐨂𐨫 𐨐𐨯''', [[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''{{IAST|Ku-ju-la Ka-sa}}'', ''{{IAST|Kujula Kasa}}''<ref>Gardner, Percy, ''The Coins of the Greek and Scythic Kings of Bactria and India in the British Museum'', p. 120-122</ref>); Ancient Chinese: 丘就卻, ''Qiujiuque''; reigned 30–80 CE, or 40-90 CE according to [[Bopearachchi]]<ref name="OB">[[Osmund Bopearachchi]], 2007, [https://www.academia.edu/22821570/Some_observations_on_the_chronology_of_the_early_Kushans Some observations on the chronology of the early Kushans]</ref>) was a [[Kushan]] prince who united the [[Yuezhi]] confederation during the 1st century CE, and became the first Kushan emperor. According to the [[Rabatak inscription]], he was the great grandfather of the great Kushan king [[Kanishka|Kanishka I]]. He is considered the founder of the [[Kushan Empire]].<ref name="OB"/>

==History==
The origins of Kujula Kadphises are quite obscure, and he is usually believed to be a descendant of the Kushan ruler [[Heraios]], or possibly identical with him.<ref>Cribb, J. (1993), The Heraus coins: their attribution to the Kushan king Kujula Kadphises, c. AD 30-80. Essays in Honour of Robert Carson and Kenneth Jenkins, (edited by M. Price, A. Burnett, and R. Bland), London, 107-134.</ref> However, Kujula shares his name (Kushan: Κοζουλου on some of his "Hermaeus" coins, or Κοζολα on his "Augustus" coins) with some of the last [[Indo-Scythian]] rulers, such as [[Liaka Kusulaka]] (Greek: ''Λιακα Κοζουλο''), or his son [[Patika Kusulaka]], which might suggest some family connection.<ref>Rapson, "Indian coins of the British Museum", p.cvi</ref>

===Chinese accounts===
[[File:Kujula Kadphises. Laureate Julio-Claudian style.jpg|thumb|Coin of Kujula Kadphises. Circa AD 30/50-80. '''Obv''' Laureate [[Julio-Claudian]] style head right. Greek legend Greek legend around: ΚΟΖΟΛΑ ΚΑΔΑΦΕϹ XOPANOV ZAOOV. '''Rev''' Kujula Kadphises seated right, raising hand; tripartite symbol to left. Legend ''Khushanasa Yauasa Kuyula Kaphasa Sacha Dhramatidasa''.]]

In the process of their expansion eastward, Kujula Kadphises and his son [[Vima Takto]] (or Vema Tahktu) seem to have displaced the [[Indo-Parthian]] kingdom, established in northwestern India by the [[Parthia]]n [[Gondophares]] since around 20 CE: <blockquote>His son, Yangaozhen [probably Vema Tahktu or, possibly, his brother [[Sadaṣkaṇa]]], became king in his place. He defeated Tianzhu [North-western India] and installed Generals to supervise and lead it. The Yuezhi then became extremely rich. All the kingdoms call [their king] the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi [Great Yuezhi].<ref name="Hill 2009, p. 29">Hill (2009), p. 29.</ref></blockquote> The invasion of the Indo-Parthian kingdom led by Kujula Kadphises is thought to have occurred some time after 45 CE, during the reign of [[Gondophares]]'s successors: [[Abdagases]] and [[Sases]].

===Genealogy according to the Rabatak inscription===
[[File:Kujula Kadphises Helmeted.jpg|thumb|Kujula Kadphises coin. '''Obv''' Helmeted soldier head right. '''Rev''' Warrior standing right, holding shield and spear.]]
The connection of Kujula with other Kushan rulers is described in the [[Rabatak inscription]], discovered in Rbatak, Afghanistan some years ago, which was written by [[Kanishka]]. Kanishka makes the list of the kings who ruled up to his time: Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather, [[Vima Taktu]] as his grandfather, [[Vima Kadphises]] as his father, and himself Kanishka:

<blockquote>And he [Kanishka] gave orders to make images of the same, (namely) of these gods who are written herein, and he gave orders to make (them) for these kings: for King Kujula Kadphises (his) great grandfather, and for King Vima Taktu (his) grandfather, and for King Vima Kadphises (his) father, and for himself, King Kanishka.<ref>Sims-Williams' "provisional translation" quoted in Hill (2009), p. 592.</ref></blockquote>

==Coinage==
[[File:Silver denarius of Tiberius 14CE 37CE found in India Indian copy of a the same 1st century CE Coin of Kushan king Kujula Kadphises copying a coin of Augustus.jpg|thumb|'''Left''' Silver denarius of [[Tiberius]] (14-37 CE) found in India. '''Center''' Indian copy of the same, 1st century CE. '''Right''' Coin of Kushan king Kujula Kadphises copying a coin of [[Augustus]].]]
The coinage of the Kushan ruler, Kujula Kadphises, shows us the enlargement of the religious horizon of the Kushans. His first issue, which has the debased portrait and name of Hermaeus on the obverse, shows [[Heracles]] on the reverse, still following the Greek tradition, even though Heracles may be the [[Interpretatio graeca|interpretatio Graeca]] of the Iranian god [[Verethragna]]. Contrary to earlier assumptions, which regarded Kujula Kadphises as Buddhist on the basis of the epithet of the 'satyadharmasthita' epithet, it is now clear from the wording of a Mathura inscription, in which [[Huvishka]] bears the same epithet satyadharmasthita , that the kingdom was conferred upon him by Sarva (Shiva) and Scamdavira (Candavlra), that is, he was a devotee of the Hindu God [[Shiva|Siva]]. It is striking to see that Kujula Kadphises has already adopted the worship of Siva and the use of Kharosthï script at such an early date. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/28186754|title=History of civilizations of Central Asia.|date=1992-2005|publisher=Unesco|others=Dani, Ahmad Hasan., Masson, V. M. (Vadim Mikhaĭlovich), 1929-, Harmatta, J. (János), 1917-2004., Puri, Baij Nath., Etemadi, G. F., Litvinskiĭ, B. A. (Boris Anatolʹevich)|isbn=92-3-102719-0|location=Paris|pages=318|oclc=28186754}}</ref>
[[File:Kujula seated cross legged facing.jpg|thumb|Coin of Kujula Kadphises. '''Obv''' Kujula seated cross legged facing, Kharoshti legend: ''Kuyula Kadaphasa Kushanasa''. '''Rev''' Zeus on the reverse,<ref>{{cite web |title=Kujula Kadphises coin British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/C_1922-0213-64 |website=The British Museum |language=en}}</ref> Greek legend: ΚΟΖΟΛΑ XOPANOY ZAOOY.]]
[[File:Kujula Kadphises Tetradrachm.jpg|thumb|Kujula Kadphises Tetradrachm. '''Obv''' [[Brahma]] bull standing right, with Buddhist [[Triratana]] above. Blundered Greek legend. '''Rev''' Camel standing right. Kharoshthi legend ''Maharayasa Rayatirayasa Kuyula Kara Kapasa''.]]

{{clear}}

==References==
{{Kushan rulers}}
{{reflist|2}}

===Bibliography===
* "Catalogue of coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore. Vol. I Indo-Greek coins", Whitehead, Argonaut Inc. Publishers, Chicago.
* {{cite book|title=Les pays d'occident d'après le ''Heou Han chou''|year=1907|first=Édouard|last=Chavannes|publisher=T’oung pao 8. pp. 149-244.}}
* Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.'' Draft annotated English translation.[http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html]
* {{cite book|title=Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, First to Second Centuries CE|year=2009|first=John E.|last=Hill|publisher=BookSurge|isbn=978-1-4392-2134-1}}

==External links==
* [http://www.coinindia.com/galleries-kujula.html Catalogue of coins of Kujula Kadphises]

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Heraios]] ([[Gandhara]], [[Punjab region|Punjab]])}}
{{s-ttl|rows=2|title=[[Kushan|Kushan Ruler]]|years=30 – 80 CE}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Heraios]] (as [[Kushan]] King)}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Vima Takto]] (as [[Indo-Parthian]] king)}}
{{s-end}}

{{Kushans}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadphises, Kujula}}
[[Category:Kushan Empire]]
[[Category:80 deaths]]
[[Category:1st-century monarchs in Asia]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]

Kujula Kadphises - Revision history

>Citation bot at 02:54, 29 May 2021