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{{EarlyBuddhism}}

The '''Kukkuṭika''' ([[Sanskrit]]; {{CJKV|t=雞胤部|p=Jīyìn Bù}}) were an [[early Buddhist school]] which descended from the [[Mahāsāṃghika]].

==Etymology==
It is likely that the name ''Kukkuṭika'' or ''Kukkulika'' originated from the Kukkuṭrārāma monastery at [[Pataliputra|Pāṭaliputra]], which was an early centre for the Mahāsāṃghikas.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 47</ref>

There were numerous variations of this name, such as ''Kukkuṭika'', ''Kukkulika'', ''Kaukkuṭika'', ''Kaurukullaka'', and ''Gokulika''.<ref>Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism''. 2000. p. 235</ref>

The name ''Gokulika'' means "[[cinder]]", and refers to the doctrine that all conditioned phenomena necessarily involve [[dukkha|suffering]], and that they are like an "inferno of ashes."<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 47</ref>

==Doctrines==
The ''Samayabhedoparacanacakra'' of Vasumitra regards the [[Ekavyāvahārika]], Kukkuṭika, and [[Lokottaravāda]] as being doctrinally indistinguishable.<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. p. 214</ref> According to Vasumitra, 48 theses were held in common by these three Mahāsāṃghika sects.<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. p. 214</ref> Of these 48 special theses, 20 points concern the supramundane nature of [[buddhahood|buddhas]] and [[bodhisattva]]s.<ref>Sree Padma. Barber, Anthony W. ''Buddhism in the Krishna River Valley of Andhra.'' 2008. p. 56</ref> According to the ''Samayabhedoparacanacakra'', these four groups held that the Buddha is able to know all ''[[dharma]]s'' in a single moment of the mind.<ref>Yao, Zhihua. ''The Buddhist Theory of Self-Cognition.'' 2005. p. 11</ref> Yao Zhihua writes:<ref>Yao, Zhihua. ''The Buddhist Theory of Self-Cognition.'' 2005. p. 11</ref>

{{quote|In their view, the Buddha is equipped with the following supernatural qualities: transcendence (''lokottara''), lack of defilements, all of his utterances [[dharmachakra|preaching his teaching]], expounding all his teachings in a single utterance, all of his sayings being true, his physical body being limitless, his power (''prabhāva'') being limitless, the length of his life being limitless, never tiring of enlightening sentient beings and awakening pure faith in them, having no sleep or dreams, no pause in answering a question, and always in meditation (''[[samadhi|samādhi]]'').}}

==History==
The Kukkuṭika sect is believed to have split from the main Mahāsāṃghika sect during the reign of [[Ashoka|Aśoka]] utilising early Buddha chronology, and the late second century BCE utilising late Buddha chronology. The [[Bahuśrutīya]] and [[Prajñaptivāda]] are thought to have split from the Kukkuṭikas in the late third or second century BCE. The Kukkuṭikas seem to have remained in eastern India, and remained strongest in the area around [[Varanasi|Vārāṇasī]].<ref>Warder, A.K. ''Indian Buddhism''. 2000. p. 281</ref>

The sixth-century Indian monk [[Paramartha|Paramārtha]] associates the initial composition and acceptance of [[Mahayana sutras|Mahāyāna sūtras]] with the Mahāsāṃghika branch of Buddhism.<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. p. 50</ref> He wrote that the Mahāsāṃghikas initially split into three groups based upon the relative manner and degree to which they accepted the authority of [[Mahayana]] teachings.<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. p. 51</ref> Paramārtha states that at this time, the Kukkuṭika sect did not accept the Mahāyāna sūtras as ''[[buddhavacana]]'' ("words of the Buddha"), while the Lokottaravāda sect and the Ekavyāvahārika sect did accept the Mahāyāna sūtras as ''buddhavacana''.<ref>Sree Padma. Barber, Anthony W. ''Buddhism in the Krishna River Valley of Andhra.'' 2008. p. 68.</ref>

In the early fifth century, the Chinese monk [[Faxian]] procured a copy of the Mahāsāṃghika [[vinaya]] from a [[vihara|monastery]] in Pāṭaliputra that he describes as "Mahāyāna".<ref>Walser, Joseph. ''Nāgārjuna in Context: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Early Indian Culture.'' 2005. p. 40</ref> The Kukkuṭikas were a Mahāsāṃghika sect known to exist in Pāṭaliputra, even having alternate names linking them to the Kukkuṭrārāma monastery there.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 47</ref>

According to [[Taranatha|Tāranātha]], this school disappeared between the fourth and ninth centuries.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 47</ref> In his eighth-century account of the various contemporary Buddhist sects, Vinitadeva does not mention Kukkuṭika.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 18</ref> It is possible that this sect had merged completely into Mahāyāna Buddhism by this time.<ref>Baruah, Bibhuti. ''Buddhist Sects and Sectarianism.'' 2008. p. 47</ref>

==See also==
*[[Schools of Buddhism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kukkutika}}
[[Category:Nikaya schools]]
[[Category:Mahāsāṃghika]]
[[Category:Early Buddhist schools]]

Kukkuṭika - Revision history

>SchreiberBike at 23:52, 26 May 2021