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{{Short description|Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{More citations needed |date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kulgam district
| native_name = Kolgom
| native_name_lang = ks
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Jammu and Kashmir|District]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Aharbal Falls
| nickname =
| image_map = Jammu and Kashmir Kulgam district.svg
| map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33|38|24|N|75|01|12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|Union Territory]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = [[Headquarters]]
| seat = [[Kulgam]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = Municipal Committee
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 1,067
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 424,483
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 192231
| registration_plate = JK18
| unemployment_rate =
| website = {{url|http://kulgam.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]], [[Hindi]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[English language|English]]<ref name="OfficialLang">{{cite web |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2020/222037.pdf |title=The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 |publisher=The Gazette of India|date=27 September 2020 |access-date=27 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Parliament passes JK Official Languages Bill, 2020 | work=Rising Kashmir | date=23 September 2020| url=http://risingkashmir.com/news/parliament-passes-jk-official-languages-bill-2020 | access-date=23 September 2020}}</ref>
| official_name =
}}
'''Kulgam district''' is a district in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History {{!}} District Kulgam |url=https://kulgam.nic.in/history/ |website=kulgam.nic.in |publisher=Government of Jammu and Kashmir |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref> It is located at a distance of 18 km towards south-west of [[Anantnag]]. The district comprises [[Block (district subdivision)|block]], [[tehsil]] and [[town]] of [[Kulgam]].

==Location==
Kulgam is situated near the [[Pir Panjal Range]]s, overlooking the left bank of [[Veshaw River]], along a rough, hilly road from [[Larow]]. Nallah Veshav, which drains most of the northern face of [[Pir Panjal]], is the main left-bank tributary of the [[Jhelum River]] and traverses through District Kulgam. The Veshev is broken into a number of channels to provide drinking water and irrigation for huge tracts of the district's land.

Town Kulgam is situated about 68 km (42 mi) from [[Srinagar]] and about 17 km (11 mi) from Anantnag. Roads connect to the neighbouring districts of [[Shopian]], [[Pulwama]], [[Anantnag]], and [[Banihal]].

==History==
{{More citations needed section|date=April 2017}}

''Tazkira Sadat-i-Simanania'', compiled by 13th-century scholar and poet Swaleh Reshi, gives the name of place as "Shampora". Syed Hussain Simnani later renamed it "Kulgam" (''kul'' for 'clan' and ''gram'' for 'village' in Sanskrit). Simnani is said to have invited [[Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani]] to Kashmir,{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} with poets including [[Nund Rishi]] (Sheikh Noor-ud-din Noorani (RA)) and [[Lalleshwari]].{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} These poets and their disciples manifested the composite culture or ''[[Kashmiriyat]]'', promoting and encouraging religious and cultural harmony even when viewed as heretics by other Asiatic countries.

The form of administration from [[Sher Shah Suri]]'s reign led to creation of a ''Tehsil'' during Mughal Rule, through the aegis of Sheikh [[Hamza Makhdoom]]. This had jurisdiction encompassing Doru, [[Banihal]], Gulabgarh, and [[Shopian]]. After time, constituent units including Pulwama, Shopian, and Reasi attained the status of district.

The area had been a hunting place for Mughal emperors and Dogra rulers, especially for [[Shah Jahan|Shahanshah Shah Jehan]], who laid the "Chinar Bagh"<ref>{{cite web|title=Chinar Bagh srinagar|url=https://goo.gl/maps/ktfNjf38GJq|website=google.co.in/maps|publisher=Google maps}}</ref> and Maharaja [[Hari Singh]], who discovered the virgin potential of sanctuary{{Clarify|reason="discovered the virgin potential of sanctuary" needs explanation, expansion, or deletion|date=April 2017}} at Kutbal.{{where|date=May 2017}} The District is the birthplace of [[Nund Rishi|Sheikh Noor-ud-din Noorani]], the founder of the [[Rishi order]], and of the forefathers of [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]] and [[Jawaharlal Nehru]].

===Rebel groups===
{{main|Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir}}

There has been insurgency in Kashmir since 1989. Beginning in the 1990s there is an upsurge of Rebel groups in the district, particularly the [[Lashkar-e-Taiba]] and [[Hizbul Mujahideen]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=16 September 2007|title=Top Lashkar-e-Taiba militant killed|newspaper=NDTV|url=http://www.ndtv.com/morenews/showmorestory.asp?category=National&slug=Top+Lashkar-e-Toiba+militant+killed+++++%0D&id=93264|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311134440/http://www.ndtv.com/morenews/showmorestory.asp?category=National&slug=Top%2BLashkar-e-Toiba%2Bmilitant%2Bkilled%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%0D&id=93264|archive-date=11 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=25 May 2014|title=Gunbattle on between militants, security forces in south Kashmir|newspaper=The Times of india|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gunbattle-on-between-militants-security-forces-in-south-Kashmir/articleshow/35599615.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525165628/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Gunbattle-on-between-militants-security-forces-in-south-Kashmir/articleshow/35599615.cms|archive-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> the rebels encourage the populace to boycott elections.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Pandit, M. Saleem|date=24 April 2014|title=Low voter turnout in Kashmir due to militants' poll boycott call|newspaper=The Times of india|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Low-voter-turnout-in-Kashmir-due-to-militants-poll-boycott-call/articleshow/34144655.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Shuja-ul-Haq |date=May 28, 2021 |title=J&K cops arrest newly recruited militant in south Kashmir's Kulgam district|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/j-k-cops-arrest-newly-recruited-militant-carry-out-multiple-raids-to-nab-youths-yet-join-militant-groups-1808137-2021-05-28|access-date=2021-09-28|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kulgam district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 424,483.<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | access-date = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 554th in India (out of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|925|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001–2011 was 7.3%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Kulgam has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males<ref name=districtcensus/> (this varies with religion), and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 60.3 percent. According to officials demographics is improving at a good rate.The density of population of the district is 1051 persons per km2 as compared to 124 persons for the state according to the Census figures of 2011.
{{Bar box
|title=Religion in Kulgam district (2011)<ref name="Kulgam district Population">{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/jammu-kashmir/kulgam-population.html|title=Kulgam district Population|work=Census India|accessdate=11 July 2021}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|98.49}}
{{Bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|1.01}}
{{Bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.5}}
}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption=Languages of Kulgam district (2011)<ref name="census2011-C16"/>
|label1 = [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] |value1 = 91.91 |color1 = lightgreen
|label2 = [[Gujari language|Gojri]] |value2 = 6.32 |color2 = tomato
|label3 = Others |value3 = 1.77 |color3 = grey
}}
{{bar box
|title=Sex Ratio in Kulgam District in 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01"/> (no. females per 1,000 males)
|float=left
|width=360px
|left1=Religion (and population)
|right1=Sex Ratio
|bars=
{{bar pixel|Muslim (pop 418,076)|green|96.216||962 }}
{{bar pixel|Hindu (pop 4,267)|orange|28.369||284 }}
{{bar pixel|Other (pop 2,140)|grey|74.409||744 }}
{{bar pixel|Total (pop 424,483)|black|95.057||951 }}
}}
{|class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! colspan=10 | Kulgam district: religion, gender ratio, and % urban of population, according to the 2011 Census.<ref name="census2011-C01">{{cite report |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW01C-01%20MDDS.XLS |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=28 July 2020}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
!|
!| Hindu
!| Muslim
!| Christian
!| Sikh
!| Buddhist
!| Jain
!| Other
!| Not stated
!| Total
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Total
|| 4,267 || 418,076 || 460 || 1,035 || 27 || 25 || 9 || 584 || 424,483
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
|| 1.01% || 98.49% || 0.11% || 0.24% || 0.01% || 0.01% || 0.00% || 0.14% || 100.00%
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Male
|| 3,324 || 213,069 || 264 || 581 || 19 || 12 || 5 || 346 || 217,620
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Female
|| 943 || 205,007 || 196 || 454 || 8 || 13 || 4 || 238 || 206,863
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Gender ratio (% female)
|| 22.1% || 49.0% || 42.6% || 43.9% || 29.6% || 52.0% || 44.4% || 40.8% || 48.7%
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"
| style="text-align:left;"| Sex ratio (no. of females per 1,000 males)
|| 284 || 962 || – || 781 || – || – || – || 688 || 951
|-
| colspan=10|
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Urban
|| 2,141 || 78,219 || 116 || 85 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 43 || 80,613
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | Rural
|| 2,126 || 339,857 || 344 || 950 || 21 || 22 || 9 || 541 || 343,870
|- style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"
| style="text-align:left;" | % Urban
|| 50.2% || 18.7% || 25.2% || 8.2% || 22.2% || 12.0% || 0.0% || 7.4% || 19.0%
|-
|}
At the time of the 2011 census, 91.91% of the population spoke [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] and 6.32% [[Gujari language|Gojri]] as their first language.<ref name="census2011-C16">{{cite report |title=C-16 Population By Mother Tongue – Jammu & Kashmir |url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-0100.XLSX |publisher = Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=18 July 2020}}</ref>{{clear|left}}

==Administration==
District Kulgam was separated from [[Anantnag district|district Anantnag]], along with several other new districts, and made administratively separate from 2 April 2007.

Kulgam district currently consists of eleven blocks: Kulgam, D.H Pora, Devsar, Pahloo, Qaimoh, Kund, Manzgam, Frisal, Pombay, Behibagh, and D.K. Marg.<ref>{{citation |url=https://kulgam.nic.in/subdivision-blocks/ |title=Subdivision & Blocks |work= District Administration Kulgam |access-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> This has not always been the case, in the 2008 reorganisation the district consisted of five blocks.<ref>{{citation |url=http://jkrd.nic.in/listAllDistricts.pdf |title=Statement showing the number of blocks in respect of 22 Districts of Jammu and Kashmir State including newly Created Districts, as on 31-03-2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910092544/http://jkrd.nic.in/listAllDistricts.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2008 |date=13 March 2008}}</ref> Each block consists of a number of ''[[Panchayati raj|panchayats]]'' (English: 'assembly rule', a traditional system of local government).

The district has seven administrative units (''[[Tehsil]]s''): [[Kulgam]], [[D.H.Pora|Damhal Hanji Pora]], [[Devsar]], [[Frisal]], [[Pahloo]], [[Yaripora]], and [[Qaimoh]]. Kulgam district has Five important towns: Frisal, [[Yaripora]], Kulgam, Devsar, and [[D.H.Pora|Damhal Hanji Pora]]. Four of these have received municipality status; Damhal Hanji Pora has yet to be recognized as a municipality.

There are five police stations in the district at: Kulgam, [[D.H.Pora|Damhal Hanji Pora]], Qazigund, [[Yaripora]] and Devsar, and six police posts at: Qaimoh, Frisal, Mir Bazar, [[Behibagh]], Kund and Jawahir Tunnel.<ref>{{citation |url=https://kulgam.nic.in/police/ |title=About District/ Administrative Setup/ Police |work=District Kulgam |access-date=5 October 2020 |publisher= District Administration Kulgam}}</ref>

Kulgam has two sub-divisions: Kulgam and Damhal Hanji Pora.

==Politics==
Kulgam district has 4 assembly constituencies: Noorabad, Kulgam, Homshailibugh, and Devsar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/ERos_AERos.html |title=ERO's and AERO's |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Jammu and Kashmir |access-date=2008-08-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022185235/http://ceojammukashmir.nic.in/eros_aeros.html |archive-date=2008-10-22 }}</ref> The parties of the current members of the legislative assembly (MLAs) are: [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) for Devsar, [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]] (JKNC) for Homshailibugh, [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] (PDP) for Noorabad, and the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)) for Kulgam.

Homshallibugh J&K is 39th assembly segment has three municipal towns – [[Yaripora]], Frisal and Qaimoh – which are also ''tehsil'' headquarters. [[Yaripora]] is an education and health block, while Qaimoh is agriculture as well as education and health blocks. Frisal is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jkdfp.org/JK-profile.htm |title=Jammu Kashmir at a Glance |website=jkdfp.org |publisher=Democratic Freedom Party: JK}}</ref>

==Road facility==
Kulgam has following roads connecting it to various assembly segments and with NH1A (major district roads):
* Kulgam - [[Anantnag]] Main Road
* Kulgam - Wanpoh via Ban
* Kulgam - [[Yaripora]]
* Kulgam - [[Aharbal]] via Nehama
* Kulgam - [[Aharbal]] via [[Damhal Hanji Pora]]
* Kulgam - [[Damhal Hanji Pora]] via Adijan
* Kulgam - [[Shopian]] via Nillow
* Kulgam - [[Shopian]] via Nehama
* Kulgam - Devsar
* Kulgam - Qazigund
* Kulgam - Ahmedabad via Khul

==Health facilities==
* District Hospital at Kulgam
* [[Sub district hospital]] at [[Yaripora]]
* Sub district hospital at Qazigund
* Sub district hospital D. H.Pora

==Habitation and environment==
The main source of livelihood in the district is agriculture and horticulture. The low-lying areas of Kulgam are very fertile for rice cultivation, and are considered as the 'Rice Bowl of Kashmir'. The higher elevations are known for production of apples. Livestock and sheep-rearing is a subsidiary occupation among the rural population, particularly in the higher elevations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://diragrikmr.nic.in/kulgam.html |title=Kulgam District Profile |website=diragrikmr.nic.in |publisher=Department of Agriculture Kashmir}}</ref>

Kulgam District is covered by the [[Pir Panjal Range|Pir Panjal]] mountain range on the southwest side, acting as a massive topographical protection. The area is significantly covered in forestation.

==Tourism==
Town Kulgam is situated about {{cvt|68|km}} from [[Srinagar]] and about {{cvt|17|km}} from [[Anantnag]]. Aside from places of spiritual interest, the district has tourist spots like [[Aharbal|Aharbal water fall]] on Veshev Nallah which is a place of sight-seeing in the extreme south-west. High pastures and meadows are also places of tourist attraction in the area from Kund to Ladigasan (ahead of Aherbal clefts). The District also has an abundance of natural water from springs such as [[Kausar Nag]], Waseknag, Khee Nag, etc.

==Photo Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Aharbal Fall.jpg|Aharbal Fall
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Kulgam district
|North = [[Shopian district]]
|Northeast = [[Pulwama district]]
|East = [[Anantnag district]]
|Southeast = [[Ramban district]]
|South = [[Reasi district]]
|Southwest = [[Rajouri district]]
|West = [[Poonch district, Jammu and Kashmir|Poonch district]]
|Northwest = [[Badgam district]]
}}

{{Jammu and Kashmir topics}}

[[Category:Kulgam district| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Kashmir]]

Kulgam district - Revision history

UpdateBot at 12:50, 30 June 2022