->PJsg1011 at 20:26, 8 November 2021

2021-11-08T20:26:21Z

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{{EngvarB|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{short description|National park in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Kuno National Park
| iucn_category = II
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| photo_width =
| map = India Madhya Pradesh #India
| relief = yes
| map_caption = Location of Kuno National Park
| map_width =
| location = [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| nearest_city =
| coordinates = {{coord|25|30|00|N|77|26|00|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|748.76|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| established = 1981
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
}}

'''Kuno''' is a [[national park]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name=TOI2017>{{cite news |author=Naveen, P. |date=2018 |title=Madhya Pradesh: Kuno notified as national park, path clear for Gir lions |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/madhya-pradesh-kuno-notified-as-national-park-path-clear-for-gir-lions/articleshow/67227362.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |access-date=3 January 2018}}</ref> Established in 1981 as a wildlife sanctuary with an area of {{convert|344.686|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in the [[Sheopur district|Sheopur]] and [[Morena district]]s, it was also known as Kuno-Palpur and Palpur-Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary.<ref name=Kabra2009>{{cite journal |last1=Kabra |first1=A. |year=2009 |title=Conservation-induced displacement: a comparative study of two Indian protected areas |journal=Conservation and Society |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=249−267 |doi=10.4103/0972-4923.65172 |url=http://dlc.dlib.indiana.edu/dlc/bitstream/handle/10535/6089/conservation%20induced.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2018, it was given the status of a national park. It is part of the [[Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]] [[ecoregion]].<ref name="WWF, SA: NI">{{WWF ecoregion |id=im0206 |name=Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests |access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref>

== History ==
Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1981 with an initial area of about {{convert|344.68|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Kabra2009/>
In the 1990s, it was selected as a possible site to implement the [[Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project]], which aimed at establishing a second lion population in India.<ref name=Khudsar_al2008>{{cite journal |last1=Khudsar |first1=F. A. |last2=Sharma |first2=K. |last3=Rao |first3=R. J. |last4=Chundawat |first4=R. S. |year= 2008 |title=Estimation of prey base and its implications in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=42–48 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281307523}}</ref>
Between 1998 and 2003, about 1,650 inhabitants of 24 villages were resettled to sites outside the protected area.<ref name=Kabra2009/>
Most of the inhabitants were [[Saharia]] tribal people. The villages were also home to [[Jatav]], [[Brahmin]], [[Gujjar]], [[Kushwaha]] and [[Yadav]] people.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kabra |first1=A. |year= 2003 |title=Displacement and rehabilitation of an Adivasi settlement: case of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |pages=3073–3078 |url=http://rlarrdc.org.in/images/Displacement%20and%20Rehabilitation%20of%20an%20Adivasi%20Settlement.pdf}}</ref>
An area of {{convert|924|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} surrounding the wildlife sanctuary was added as buffer zone to human settlements.<ref name=Khudsar_al2008/>
[[File:Folks dance by Saharia tribe of Rajasthan1.jpg|thumb|[[Saharia]] folk dancing in [[Rajasthan]], 2017]]
In 2009, Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary was also proposed as a possible site for [[Cheetah reintroduction in India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ranjitsinh |first1=M. K. |last2= [[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala]] |first2=Y. V. |year=2010 |title=Assessing the potential for reintroducing the cheetah in India |publisher=Wildlife Trust of India and Wildlife Institute of India |location=Noida and Dehradun}}</ref>

In December 2018 the state government changed the status of the wildlife sanctuary to Kuno National Park and enlarged the protected area by {{convert|413|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=TOI2017/>

== Wildlife ==
=== Flora ===
The vegetation of the protected area includes ''[[Anogeissus]] pendula'' forest and scrub, ''[[Boswellia]]'' and ''[[Butea]]'' forest, dry savanna forest and grassland and tropical [[riverine forest]]. The dominant tree species are ''[[Acacia catechu]]'', Salai ''[[Boswellia serrata]]'', Tendu ''[[Diospyros melanoxylon]]'', Palash ''[[Butea monosperma]]'', Dhok ''[[Anogeissus latifolia]]'', ''[[Acacia leucophloea]]'', ''[[Ziziphus mauritiana]]'' and ''[[Ziziphus]] xylopyrus''. Prominent shrub species include ''[[Grewia]] flavescens'', ''[[Helicteres isora]]'', ''[[Hopbush]] viscosa'', ''[[Vitex negundo]]''. Grass species include ''[[Heteropogon contortus]]'', ''[[Apluda]] mutica'', ''[[Aristida]] hystrix'', ''[[Themeda quadrivalvis]]'', ''[[Cenchrus ciliaris]]'' and ''[[Desmostachya bipinnata]]''. ''[[Senna tora]]'' and ''[[Argemone mexicana]]'' are also common.<ref name=Bipin_al2003>{{cite book |authors=Bipin, C. M., Bhattacharjee, S., Shah, S., Sharma, V. S., Mishra, R. K., Ghose, D., & [[Yadvendradev Vikramsinh Jhala|Jhala, Y. V.]] |year=2003 |title=Status of prey in Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Madhya Pradesh |location=Dehradun |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299429632 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.1036.2005}}</ref>

=== Fauna ===
The main predators occurring in the protected area are [[Indian leopard]], [[jungle cat]], [[sloth bear]], [[dhole]], [[Indian wolf]], [[golden jackal]], [[striped hyena]] and [[Bengal fox]]. Ungulates include [[chital]], [[Sambar deer]], [[nilgai]], [[four-horned antelope]], [[chinkara]], [[blackbuck]] and [[wild boar]].<ref name=Khudsar_al2008/><ref name=Bipin_al2003/> More than 1,900 [[feral cattle|feral]] [[zebu]] were estimated to occur in 2008, whereas density of wild ungulates was considered too low to sustain an introduced lion population at the time.<ref name=Khudsar_al2008/>

[[Honey badger]], [[Indian grey mongoose]], [[ruddy mongoose]], [[small Asian mongoose]], [[gray langur]], [[Indian crested porcupine]] and [[Indian hare]] have also been recorded. Reptiles present include [[mugger crocodile]], [[Gharial]], [[Bengal monitor]] and [[Indian softshell turtle]].<ref name=Bipin_al2003/>

A total of 129 bird species were sighted during a survey in spring 2007. [[Indian white-backed vulture]], [[long-billed vulture]], [[red-headed vulture]], [[Egyptian vulture]], [[crested serpent-eagle]], [[short-toed snake eagle]] [[Bonelli's eagle]], [[white-eyed buzzard]], [[changeable hawk-eagle]], [[brown fish owl]] and [[spotted owlet]] are resident raptors. [[Western marsh-harrier]], [[pied harrier]], [[Montagu's harrier]], [[steppe eagle]], [[osprey]], [[common kestrel]], [[short-eared owl]], [[Demoiselle crane]] and [[common crane]] are winter visitors.<ref name=Ramesh_al2011>{{cite journal |last1=Ramesh |first1=T. |last2= Sridharan |first2=N. |last3=Kalle |first3=R. |year=2011 |title=Birds of Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary, Central India |journal=Zoos' Print |volume=26 |issue=12 |pages=25–29 |url=https://zoosprint.zooreach.org/index.php/zp/article/view/1790/1659}}</ref>

[[Avifauna]] also includes [[black-shouldered kite]], [[painted spurfowl]], [[ruddy shelduck]], [[Indian peafowl]], [[grey francolin]], [[Eurasian nightjar]], [[jungle nightjar]], [[Indian nightjar]], [[painted sandgrouse]], [[woolly-necked stork]], [[great stone-curlew]], [[Sirkeer malkoha]], [[Indian golden oriole]], [[black-rumped flameback]], [[bay-backed shrike]] and [[Indian paradise flycatcher]].<ref name=Bipin_al2003/><ref name=Ramesh_al2011/>

== See also ==
* [[In-situ conservation]]
* [[Ex-situ conservation]]
* [[Wildlife conservation]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
*{{cite web |author=Johnsingh, A. J. T. |date= |url=http://wolfeducationinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Kuno-is-ready-to-receive-lions-from-Gujarat-A.J.T.Johnsingh..pdf |title=Kuno is ready to receive lions from Gujarat |publisher= |location=}}
*{{cite web |author=Khudsar. F. A. |date=2001 |title=Kuno: Asiatic Lion's second home in making |url=http://www.asiatic-lion.org/kuno.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118123324/http://www.asiatic-lion.org/kuno.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-01-18 }}
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Palpur-Kuno News articles with keyword "Palpur-Kuno"] on [[Times of India]] Website.
*{{cite web |publisher=Indian Government's National Web Portal |title=Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://sheopur.nic.in/kuno.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317204121/http://sheopur.nic.in/kuno.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-03-17 }}
*{{cite web |publisher=India Environment Portal |title=Latest News on "Palpur-Kuno SA" |url=http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/wildlife/protected-area-conservation/sanctuaries/palpur-kuno-sa |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005211850/http://indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/thesaurus/wildlife/protected-area-conservation/sanctuaries/palpur-kuno-sa |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-10-05 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131437/http://www.forest.mp.gov.in/kuno.html "Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary"] (re-introduction site of wild Asiatic lions), Forest Department, State Government of Madhya Pradesh, India
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZzASSxA6P0 AAj Tak Video News Report in Hindi available on Youtube: Gir lions in palpur kuno century report rajesh badal.mp4 by Rajesh Badal uploaded on 14 Feb 2011]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120402172638/http://gaur36.livejournal.com/119423.html Vikram Nanjappa - Kuno WLS, gaur36's journal a blogpost]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCAIXQDC91E Video on Youtube: India Cheetah Re-introduction. Uploaded by ccfcheetah on 19 Jan 2012; The Cheetah Conservation Fund CCF has been working on and advisory capacity with the Wildlife Trust of India and India's authorities to discuss the best strategies for re-introducing cheetahs in India. For more information visit www.cheetah.org]

{{National Parks of India}}

[[Category:Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project]]
[[Category:Cheetah reintroduction in India]]
[[Category:Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests]]
[[Category:National parks in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sheopur district]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 2018]]
[[Category:2018 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Kuno National Park - Revision history

->PJsg1011 at 20:26, 8 November 2021