->Chandan Guha at 01:45, 26 October 2021

2021-10-26T01:45:33Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kuru
| nickname = 
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Jharkhand#India3
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jharkhand
| coordinates = {{coord|23.5644|84.8192|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Jharkhand|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Lohardaga district|Lohardaga]]
| government_type = [[Federalism in India|Federal democracy]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 217.42
| population_total = 84827
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 835213
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 06526
| registration_plate = JH 08
| blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank1_info_sec1 = 67.36%
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]]
| website = {{URL|lohardaga.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kuru block''' is a [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] that forms an administrative division in the Lohardaga subdivision of [[Lohardaga district]], in the Indian state of [[Jharkhand]].

==History==
Lohardaga was made a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1972. Ranchi district was split into three districts namely Ranchi, Gumla and Lohardaga, in 1983. <ref>{{cite web | url = https://lohardaga.nic.in/history/ | title = Lohardaga, About District, History| publisher = District administration | access-date = 4 October 2021}}</ref>

==Maoist activities==
Lohardaga has been identified as an “A” grade highly [[Naxalite–Maoist insurgency |Maoist]] infested district. Kuru, Bhandra, Kairo, Kisko, Jowang and Senha police stations are totally affected and Lohardaga police station is partially affected. The Maoist outfits are mainly interested in extorting the bauxite mining and transport industry. The police force has been trained to take on the Maoist outfits and has been extending support at important points. Lohardaga has lost one Superintendent of Police, Ajay Kumar Singh, IPS in the anti-insurgency operations.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga | title = District Police Profile Lohardaga| work = Security Scenario | publisher = Jharkhand Police | access-date = 4 October 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Kuru is located at {{coord|23.5644|84.8192|display=inline}}.

Lohardaga district consists of two broad physiographic divisions – the hilly tract and the plateau region. The hilly tract extends over the western and north-western parts of the district. The high hill tops of this region are known as ''pat''. The plateau region is a part of the Gumla Plateau, which lies in the southern portion of [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. Lohardaga and Bhandra CD blocks are entirely in the plateau region. Other administrative areas, such as Kisko, Senha and Kuru CD blocks are partly in the plateau region and partly in the hilly tract. <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Page 9: Physical features |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

Kuru CD block is bounded by the [[Chandwa (community development block)|Chandwa]] CD block in Latehar district on the north, [[Chanho block|Chanho]] CD block in the Ranchi district on the east, [[Kairo block|Kairo]] and [[Lohardaga block|Lohardaga]] CD blocks on the south and [[Kisko block|Kisko]] CD block on the west.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/lohardaga.html | title = Lohardaga CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/latehar.html | title = Latehar CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 1 October 2021}} </ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/jharkhand/tehsil/ranchi.html | title = Ranchi CD block/ Tehsil map | publisher = Maps of India | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

Kuru CD block has an area of 217.42 km2.<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2019_PART_B_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII B| work= Page 27-29: District primary census abstract, 2011 census |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 30 September 2021}}</ref>[[Kuru, Lohardaga#Police station|Kuru]] police station serves Kuru CD block.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://jhpolice.gov.in/lohardaga| title= District Police Profile - Lohardaga |publisher= Jharkhand Police| access-date = 30 September 2021}}</ref> The headquarters of Kuru CD block is located at [[Kuru, Lohardaga|Kuru]] village.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work= Map of Lohardaga district on the fifth page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 30 September 2021}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kuru CD block had a total population of 84,827, all of which were rural. There were 42,480 (50%) males and 42,347 (50%) females. Population in the age range 0-6 years was 14,685. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 4,343 (5.12%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 40,286 (47.49%).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literate persons in Kuru CD block was 47,245 (67.36% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 27,265 (78.05% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 19,980(56.75% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 21.30%.<ref name=census2011/>

{{As of|2011}} census, literacy in Lohardaga district was 78.62%. Literacy in Jharkhand was 67.63% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_jharkhand.html | title= Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011: Jharkhand |work= Provisional Population Totals, Literacy Rate in 2011 column |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Government of India | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref> Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.<ref name="censusindia.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/india/Final_PPT_2011_chapter6.pdf |title=Ranking of states and union territories by literacy rate: 2011|work= Page 110| publisher=Government of India| access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

See also – [[List of Jharkhand districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Lohardaga district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===
According to the ''District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011 census,'' “the distribution of different mother tongues (languages mentioned under 8th Schedule of Constitution of India) as returned during the 2001 Census for Lohardaga district was” [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]] (42.15%), [[Hindi]] (39.66%), [[Urdu]] (16.46%) and other languages 1.73%.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 21: Note on Mother Tongue| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

According to the ''Population by Mother Tongue'' in the [[2011 Census of India]], 38.96% of the population in the Lohardaga district spoke [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]], 33.17% [[Sadri language|Sadri]], 13.87% [[Urdu]], 12.5% [[Hindi]] and other languages 1.50% as their first language.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html |title = 2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 30 September 2021}}</ref>

[[Hindi]] is the official language in Jharkhand and [[Urdu]] has been declared as an additional official language.<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 50th report (July 2012 to June 2013) |pages= 35 |publisher=Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India |access-date=28 August 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archive-date= 8 July 2016 }}</ref>

According to the ''District Census Handbook, Lohardanga, 2011 census,'' ‘Other Religions and Persuasions’ formed 47.2% of the population, followed by [[Hindus]] (28.6%), [[Muslims]] (20.1%), [[Christians]] (4.0%).<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 21: Note on Religion| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

The [[Kurukh people|Oraon people]] dominate in Lohardaga district. In the 2001 census they numbered 164,379 and formed 80.95% of the Scheduled Tribes population, who in turn constituted 55.70% of the population in the district. The Lohras formed 4.79% of the ST population. <ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Lohardaga, Series 20, Part XII A, 2011 census|work = page 22: Note on important SCs and STs in the district of Lohardaga during 2001 Census | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Jharkhand | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
70-80% of the population of Lohardaga district were in the [[Below Poverty Line|BPL]] category in 2004–2005.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/1/MPRA_paper_45258.pdf| title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India| work = Table I: Spatial Distribution of Poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Munich Personal RePEc Archive| access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>In 2011-12, the proportion of BPL population in Lohardaga district came down to 38.0%.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livemint.com/Specials/bqVly6xj4usB3DiTibS3DK/Spatial-poverty-in-Jharkhand.html | title = Spatial poverty in Jharkhand | publisher = Mint| accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref>According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line. More than 75% of the work force is engaged in agriculture, although only 23% of the area is under cultivation. The study opines, "Despite the abundance of industrial production, rural population has not benefited and majority are earning their livelihoods through agriculture. During last ten years agriculture could not grow in the state as per expectations, resulting higher [[rural poverty]]."<ref>{{cite web| url = https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/45258/#:~:text=The%20incidence%20of%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20is%20estimated,are%20main%20causes%20for%20poverty%20in%20Jharkhand%20state. | title = Rural Poverty in Jharkhand, India: An Empirical Study based on Panel Data | publisher = MPRA | accessdate = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

==Economy==

===Livelihood===
{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Livelihood in Kuru CD block'''
|value1 = 41.98
|label1 = Cultivators
|value2 = 42.53
|label2 = Agricultural labourers
|value3 = 2.26
|label3 = Household industries
|value4 = 13.22
|label4 = Other Workers}}

In Kuru CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 18,297 and formed 41.98%, agricultural labourers numbered 18,536 and formed 42.53%, household industry workers numbered 987 and formed 2.26% and other workers numbered 5,762 and formed 13.22%. Total workers numbered 43,582 and formed 51.38% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 41,245 and formed 48.62% of the population.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook 2011 Lohardaga, Series 21, Part XII A| work = Tables 30 and 33, pages 40 and 44 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the [[Factories Act,1948, India|Factories Act]]. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook 2011 Lohardaga, Series 21 Part XII A | work= Pages 12-16 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 1 September 2021}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 65 inhabited villages in Kuru CD block. In 2011, 56 villages had power supply. 6 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 65 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 64 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 12 villages had post offices, 15 villages had sub post offices, 11 villages had telephones (land lines), 53 villages had mobile phone coverage. 65 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 10 villages had bus service (public/ private), 34 villages had [[Auto rickshaw|autos]]/ modified autos, 17 villages had taxi/vans, 44 villages had tractors. 7 villages had a bank branches, 4 villages had agricultural credit societies, 43 villages had [[public distribution system]], 50 villages had [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] [[Polling place|polling stations]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work = Pages 201-202, Appendix I: Village Directory | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand. | access-date = 1 October 2021}}</ref>

===Agriculture===
Large areas of the district were earlier covered with forests. With gradual deforestation, more land is being brought under cultivation. At present around 32-35% of the total area is covered with forests. Rice is grown in the terraced lowlands called ''don''. In the uplands called ''tanr'', a coarse form of rice, millets, pulses and oil seeds are grown. Agriculture is mostly monsoon-dependent. “The wells, springs and ''ahars'' are the only traditional sources of irrigation. The average land holding per household is 1.65 Ha. The per capita agriculture land is around 0.28 Ha. Net irrigated area is 13.4% of net sown area”. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 10 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 4 October 2021}}</ref>

===Bauxite===
[[Bauxite]] is the raw material from which aluminium is produced. Lohardaga district has large reserves of world class bauxite across Pakhar, Hisari, Rudhali Pat, Khamar Pat and the mining area also extends to neighbouring districts. The district has approval of mining of approximately 11 lakh tones of bauxite mineral in a year. Hindalco Industries Ltd has 7 mining leases out of 9 active mines in Lohardaga district which supplies bauxite to [[Hindalco Industries|Hindalco’s]] aluminium plants at [[Muri, Ranchi|Muri]] and [[Renukoot]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://lohardaga.nic.in/mines-and-minerals/ | title = Lohardaga, Mines and Minerals| publisher = District administration | access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Page 10 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref>A ropeway connecting Bagru mines and Lohardaga has been a popular tourist attraction. <ref>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Title feature on the seventh page |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 5 October 2021}}</ref>

===Backward Regions Grant Fund===
Lohardaga district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 4 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 4 October 2021}}</ref>

==Education==
Kuru CD block had 8 villages with pre-primary schools, 61 villages with primary schools, 34 villages with middle schools, 6 villages with secondary schools, 2 villages with senior secondary schools, 3 villages with no educational facilities.<ref name=directory>{{cite web| url =https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/20/2011_PART_A_DCHB_LOHARDAGA.pdf | title= District Census Handbook Lohardaga, 2011, Series 21, Part XII A | work= Pages 201-202 |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand| access-date = 4 October 2021}}</ref>
 .*Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

==Healthcare==
Kuru CD block had 3 villages with [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]], 16 villages with primary health subcentres, 10 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 5 villages with allopathic hospitals, 3 villages with dispensaries, 2 village with veterinary hospital, 5 villages with family welfare centres, 1 village with medicine shop.<ref name=directory/>
 .*Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Blocks of Lohardaga district}}

{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Lohardaga district]]

{{Jharkhand-geo-stub}}

Kuru block - Revision history

->Chandan Guha at 01:45, 26 October 2021