https://indianpedia.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=KushanshahKushanshah - Revision history2026-07-31T12:59:24ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.45.4https://indianpedia.org/index.php?title=Kushanshah&diff=328885&oldid=prevUpdateBot at 11:44, 25 February 20222022-02-25T11:44:40Z<p></p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Short description|Rulers of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom}}<br />
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[[File:KUSHANO-SASANIANS Ardashir I Kushanshah Circa AD 230-250.jpg|thumb|300px|Kushano-Sasanian ruler [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]], circa 230-250 CE. [[Merv]] mint.]]<br />
'''Kushanshah''' ([[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]: KΟÞANΟ ÞAΟ, ''Koshano Shao'', [[Middle Persian|Pahlavi]]: Kwšan MLK ''Kushan Malik''){{sfn|Daryaee|Rezakhani|2017|p=203}} was the title of the rulers of the [[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom]], the parts of the former [[Kushan Empire]] in the areas of [[Sogdiana]], [[Bactria]] and [[Gandhara]], named [[Kushanshahr]] and held by the [[Sasanian Empire]], during the 3rd and 4th centuries CE.<ref name="CHI">The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3, E. Yarshater [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&pg=PA209 p.209 sq]</ref> They are collectively known as [[Kushano-Sasanians]], or [[Indo-Sasanians]].<br />
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The Kushanshahs minted their own coinage, and took the title of Kushanshas, ie "Kings of the Kushans".<ref name="CHI"/> This administration continued until 360 CE.<ref name="CHI"/> The Kushanshas are mainly known through their coins.{{fact|date=May 2021}}<br />
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A rebellion of [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (277-286 CE), who issued coins with the title ''Kushanshahanshah'' (KΟÞANΟ ÞAΟNΟNΟ ÞAΟ "King of kings of the Kushans"), seems to have occurred against contemporary emperor [[Bahram II]] (276-293 CE) of the Sasanian Empire, but failed.<ref name="CHI"/>{{sfn|Daryaee|Rezakhani|2017|p=203}}<br />
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The title is first attested in the [[Paikuli inscription]] of the [[Sasanian Empire|Sasanian]] [[shah]] [[Narseh]] in ca. 293, where it functioned as a title for the Sasanian governors of the [[Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom|eastern portion of the empire]]. The title was also used by the [[Kidarites|Kidarite dynasty]], which was the last kingdom to make use of it.{{fact|date=May 2021}}<br />
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==Main Kushanshahs==<br />
The following Kushanshahs were:{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017|p=78}}<br />
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* [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]] (230–245)<br />
* [[Peroz I Kushanshah]] (245–275)<br />
* [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (275–300)<br />
* [[Hormizd II Kushanshah]] (300–303)<br />
* [[Peroz II Kushanshah]] (303–330)<br />
* [[Varahran I Kushanshah]] (330-365)<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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== Sources ==<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |author-link=Joe Cribb| editor-last1 = Rienjang | editor-first1 = Wannaporn | editor-last2 = Stewart| editor-first2 = Peter |title=Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017 |isbn=978-1-78491-855-2 |date=2018 |publisher=University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress |url=https://archive.org/details/ProblemsOfChronologyInGandharanArt/page/n27}} {{free access}}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Cribb|first1=Joe|editor-last = Alram | editor-first = M. | title=The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf |journal= Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al|date=2010 |pages=91–146|publisher= Coins, Art and Chronology II|url=https://www.academia.edu/38112559|url-access=registration}}<br />
* {{cite book |first1=Touraj |last1=Daryaee|first2=Khodadad|last2=Rezakhani|editor1-last=Daryaee |editor1-first=Touraj |title=King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE) |date=2017 |publisher=UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies |chapter=The Sasanian Empire|pages=1–236|isbn=978-0-692-86440-1<br />
|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ}}<br />
* {{cite journal |last1=Payne|first1=Richard|title=The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity |journal=Journal of Late Antiquity |date=2016 |volume=9 |pages=4–41 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press| location = Baltimore|url=https://www.academia.edu/27438947|url-access=registration|doi=10.1353/jla.2016.0011|s2cid=156673274}} <br />
* {{cite book|last1=Rapp|first1=Stephen H.|title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.| location = London|isbn=978-1-4724-2552-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&q=rapp+inscription+kartir}}<br />
* {{cite book | title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity | year = 2017 | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | chapter = East Iran in Late Antiquity| pages = 1–256 | isbn = 978-1-4744-0030-5 | jstor = 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8 }} {{registration required}}<br />
* {{cite book |last1=Rypka |first1=Jan |last2=Jahn |first2=Karl |title=History of Iranian literature |date=1968 |publisher=D. Reidel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_9jAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}<br />
* {{cite book |last=Sastri|first=Nilakanta|title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Mauryas & Satavahanas |date=1957 |publisher=Orient Longmans |page=246 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRmDAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Kushanshahs i. History | last = Vaissière | first = Étienne de La |author-link=Étienne de la Vaissière | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kushanshahs-01 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2016 }}<br />
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = Ardašīr I i. History | last = Wiesehöfer | first = Joseph | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ardasir-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4 | pages = 371–376 | year = 1986 }}<br />
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[[Category:Iranian words and phrases]]<br />
[[Category:Kushanshahs|*]]<br />
[[Category:Royal titles]]</div>UpdateBot