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{{short description|River in Indian subcontinent}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
[[File:Kushiyara river, sylhet.jpg|thumb|Kushiyara river, Sylhet]]
The '''Kushiyara River''' ({{lang-bn|কুশিয়ারা নদী|Kuśiara Nôdi}}) is a [[transboundary river]] in [[Bangladesh]] and [[Assam]], India. It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of the [[Barak River]], when the Barak separates into the Kushiyara and [[Surma River|Surma]]. The waters that eventually form the Kushiyara originate in the uplands of the state of Assam and pick up tributaries from [[Nagaland]] and [[Manipur]].<ref name="BP">{{Cite web
|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kushiyara_River
|title=Kushiyara River
|author=Tahmina Ahmed
|work=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh|editor=Sirajul Islam|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2021
|access-date=2 September 2022
}}
</ref>

From its origin at the mouth of the Barak, also known as the Amlshid bifurcation point,<ref name="Alam-2007">{{Cite journal|author1=Alam, M. J. B. |author2=Alam, R. |author3=Uddin, M. |author4=Nahar, T. |year=2007 |title=Study of Morphological Change of the Kushiyara and Monu Rivers by Remote Sensing |journal=International Journal of Sediment Research |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=159–167 |url=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GJNS200702008.htm |url-access=subscription}}</ref> the Kushiyara flows westward forming the boundary between [[Assam]], India, and the [[Sylhet District]] of Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Grundy-Warr, Carl |year=1994 |title=Eurasia |series=World Boundaries series, volume 3 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=aX4L3yT8_n0C&pg=PA107 107] |isbn=978-0-415-08834-3}}</ref> It flows between the towns of [[Zakiganj|Zakigonj]], Sylhet, and [[Karīmganj]], Assam,<ref name="Alam-2007" /> and after the village of [[Pānjipuri]] enters entirely into the [[Beanibazar Upazila]] of Bangladesh. It then flows southwestward past the village of Deulgrām in [[Kurar Bazar Union]] where the river turns southward passing the village of Badepasha, Uttar Bade Pasha Union, [[Golapganj Upazila]], where it again turns southwestward. It is joined from the left (east) by the [[Juri River]] at [[Fenchuganj]] Bazar. At Beel Pond (Pukhuri Beel) the river turns westward where it flows past the village of Balaganj Bazar in [[Balaganj Upazila]], then southwestward past the villages of Hamjāpur, Abdullāpur and Manumukh. The river, after being joined from the left (south) by the [[Manu River (Tripura)|Manu River]] (Monu River), flows northwest past the villages of Aorangapur, Tajpur, and Pāilgaon, where it is joined by the small Itakhola River and assumes a westward direction. After the village of Mārkuli the river heads southwest past the village of Pāhārpur to the village of Ajmiriganj Bazar. After that the river forms several braided streams and heads south where it is joined by the [[Khowai River]] from the left (east) and heads southwest where it is rejoined by the Surma (locally known as the Danu River) from the right (north) and becomes the [[Meghna River]], just north of the town of [[Bhairab Bazar]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Uddin, Misbah |year=2010 |title=Assessment of Morphological Aspects of Kushiyara-Monu River System |series=Masters Thesis |location=Dhaka |publisher=University of Engineering and Technology |url=http://lib.buet.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/151/Full%20Thesis.pdf}}</ref> Altogether, the Kushiyara runs about 160 kilometers. At its deepest during the rainy season the Kushiyara can reach a depth of 10 meters.<ref name="BP" /> During the dry season it can appear to dry up almost completely in a few places with the bulk of the load being carried subsurface, such as in the braided stream area south of Ajmiriganj Bazar.

In 2022 India and Bangladesh signed an interim water sharing pact with regard to the Kushiyara River.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Roy |first= Shubhajit |date=7 September 2022 |title=Delhi, Dhaka sign river pact, first in 25 years; Hasina praises Modi |newspaper=Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sheikh-hasina-india-visit-delhi-dhaka-sign-river-pact-first-in-25-years-8135250/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220906232131/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/sheikh-hasina-india-visit-delhi-dhaka-sign-river-pact-first-in-25-years-8135250/ |archive-date=6 September 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Limnology ==
In 2018 a limnology study was completed by the Department of Fisheries from the [[University of Dhaka]] and the Department of Environment and Natural Sciences from [[Yokohama National University]] in [[Yokohama|Yokohama, Japan]], based on the data that they collected,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Islam |first=M. M. |last2=Akhi |first2=S. A. |last3=Faruque |first3=M. H. |date=2019-01-01 |title=Limnology and Fisheries of the Kushiyara River, Bangladesh |url=https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/JSR/article/view/36328 |journal=Journal of Scientific Research |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=65–82 |doi=10.3329/jsr.v11i1.36328 |issn=2070-0245}}</ref> the water quality parameters measured at the seven study areas along the Kushiyara River are relatively consistent. The temperature ranges from 28.2 °C to 29.2 °C, with most study areas having a temperature around 28.5 °C to 28.9 °C. The dissolved oxygen (DO) levels are also consistent, ranging from 6.73 mg/L to 7.09 mg/L.

Transparency, which measures water clarity, varies more widely among the study areas, with values ranging from 36.0 cm at Jamargaon to 50.0 cm at Monumukh. This suggests that there may be differences in the number of suspended particles or algae present in the water at these locations.<ref name=":0" />

The pH values at all study areas are within a narrow range of 6.4 to 6.9, indicating that the water is slightly acidic to neutral. Electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) values are also relatively consistent among the study areas, with EC ranging from 76.7 µS/cm to 81.6 µS/cm and TDS ranging from 38.1 mg/L to 40.9 mg/L.<ref name=":0" />

Salinity, as measured by the percentage of NaCl, is low at all study areas, with values ranging from 0.1% to 0.2%. This indicates that the water in the Kushiyara River is fresh and not influenced by seawater intrusion.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[List of rivers in Bangladesh]]

==Notes and references==
{{Reflist}}

{{Coord|24.6266|N|91.7782|E|region:BD_type:river|display=title}}

{{Clear}}

[[Category:International rivers of Asia]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Rivers of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Assam]]
[[Category:Bay of Bengal]]
[[Category:Sylhet District]]
[[Category:Distributaries of the Ganges]]
[[Category:Fenchuganj Upazila]]
[[Category:Rivers of Sylhet Division]]

Kushiyara River - Revision history

WikiDwarf at 10:48, 27 July 2023