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{{short description|Musical style and genre}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Ladishah
| native_name =
| etymology =
| other_names =
| color =
| bgcolor =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Folk music|Folk]]|[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]]|[[Medieval music|Medieval]]|[[Ballad]]|[[Comedy music|Comedy]]|[[Melody]]|[[Satirical music|Satirical]]}}
| cultural_origins = [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India 
| instruments = Dhukar
| derivatives = [[Shahr Ashob]]<ref name="thekashmirwalla.com"/>
| subgenres =
| subgenrelist =
| fusiongenres =
| regional_scenes = [[Music of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh|Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh]]
| local_scenes =
| other_topics =
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}}

'''Ladishah''' (also spelled '''Ladi Shah''' or '''Laddi Shah''') is a [[storytelling]] musical genre originated in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] with its roots in traditional and humorous [[Folk music|folk singing]] originally sung by [[minstrel]]s while locally wondering from one place to another.<ref name="India 2014">{{cite web | agency=Press Trust of India | title=Kashmir's street theatre special Laddi Shah on TV | website=Business Standard News | date=2014-08-30 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kashmir-s-street-theatre-special-laddi-shah-on-tv-114083000571_1.html | access-date=2020-11-27}}</ref> It is usually sung in [[Kashmiri language]] to express anguish or to entertain people in a rhythmic form primarily revolves around political, social and cultural issues in the form of [[ballad]] or melodious [[Satirical music|satire]]. It is identified when an entertainer raises their concerns in the form of [[Humour|humorous]] and [[Melody|melody singing]] without a voice break at some occurrences. It is sung with a musical instrument called ''dhukar'', a traditional instrument consisting of two metal rods. Sometimes, an artist sings without an musical instrument.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirlife.net/ladi-shah-132787/|title=Ladi Shah|date=February 17, 2017|work=[[Kashmir Life]]}}</ref>

Encompasses the [[medieval music]], a ladishah singer literally acts as a communicator in a society to convey their message to the people either for public entertainment purpose or to address political views, [[social consciousness]] or [[cultural competence]] without practicing [[false consciousness]] and [[parody music]].<ref name="Tremblay Bhatia 2020 p. 256">{{cite book |last1=Tremblay|first1=R. C.| last2=Bhatia | first2=M. | title=Religion and Politics in Jammu and Kashmir | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2020 | isbn=978-1-000-07879-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u3znDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT256 | access-date=2020-11-27 | page=256}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Purewal|first1=N. K.|last2=Dingli|first2=S.|title=Gendering Security and Insecurity: Post/Neocolonial Security Logics and Feminist Interventions | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=ThirdWorlds | year=2020 | isbn=978-0-429-51566-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXrpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT82 | access-date=2020-11-27 | page=82}}</ref> In broad sense, a ladishah artist is also referred to as a "street performer" or "historical describer" depending on lyrics.<ref name="Life 2011">{{cite web | title=Walaykum Salam Ladishah Drav | website=Kashmir Life | date=2011-03-14 | url=https://kashmirlife.net/walaykum-salam-ladishah-drav-1275/ | access-date=2020-11-27}}</ref>

== History ==
Ladishah genre originally emerged as a popular lyrics narrating with a combination of situational ballad, humorous and melody tone in [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir princely state]] around [[8th century|eighteenth]] or [[9th century|nineteenth century]]. It has its roots in the [[culture of Kashmir]] written and narrated by the same entertainer. Literary associated with [[Literature of Kashmir|Kashmiri literature]], it was initially used to criticise the rulers engaged in [[human rights abuse]]. Some local people believe that ladishah songs were used to sung during the [[harvest]] season particularly exercised by [[nomad]]s in order to get food in return.<ref name="thekashmirwalla.com">{{Cite web|url=https://thekashmirwalla.com/2011/11/ladishah-ladishah/|title=Ladishah, Ladishah...|first=Saima|last=Bhat|date=November 6, 2011}}</ref>

Over the times with [[Modernism (music)|modern music revolution]], the genre became less popular or almost unknown to the people, and subsequently it declined due to [[Kashmir conflict]], a war that triggered [[Timeline of the Kashmir conflict|unrest]] since the military conflict started in the region.<ref name="hindustantimes.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/meet-25-year-old-syed-areej-safvi-first-ladishah-girl-from-kashmir/story-56D9ImzAaz7o278IViK8BP.html|title=Meet 25-year-old Syed Areej Safvi, first Ladishah girl from Kashmir|date=November 25, 2020|work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref>

=== Contemporary history ===
While ladishah was originally performed by male artists, in 2020, [[Syed Areej Safvi]], a [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]] artist became the first woman in Kashmir to perform ladishah.<ref name="hindustantimes.com"/><ref name="banglanews24.com 2020">{{cite web | title=Meet Syed Areej Safvi, Literal First Ladishah Girl From Kashmir | website=banglanews24.com | date=2020-11-02 | url=https://www.banglanews24.com/english/international/news/bd/86380.details | access-date=2020-11-27}}</ref>

== Origin ==
Some historians regard this as a dependent genre, while Dr. Farooq Fayaz, a Kashmiri author and an associate professor of the [[University of Kashmir]] at History department identifies it as an independent genre of traditional singing. The genre, according to the department of History, was first sung or created by a Kashmiri singer from Lari village of [[Pulwama district]]. He belonged to [[Shah dynasty]] and people used to call him "Shah of Lari" and hence the genre became known as "Ladishah".<ref name="thekashmirwalla.com"/>

It is described by various literary figures in different opinions, making it difficult to track its academic records historically. Some poets, including [[Zareef Ahmad Zareef]] recognize the word "Ladishah" to have originated from the word "Ladi" means a row or line and the word "Shah" was used to describe Muslim rulers who reigned the [[Kashmir Valley]] over multiple occasions.<ref name="thekashmirwalla.com"/>

== Style ==
Ladishah is usually performed wearing traditional dress such as [[pheran]] on stages and streets in particular, and while it delivers critical commentaries and [[Critical thinking|thinking]] on various subjects, ''dukar'' instrument is used to play a thin ringing sounds every time a word is produced by the singer.<ref name="India 2014"/><ref name="hindustantimes.com"/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book | last=Zutshi | first=C. | title=Kashmir’s Contested Pasts: Narratives, Geographies, and the Historical Imagination | publisher=OUP India | year=2014 | isbn=978-0-19-908936-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnxJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT236 | access-date=2020-11-27|ref=none}}
* {{cite book | last=Kalla | first=K.L. | title=The Literary Heritage of Kashmir | publisher=Mittal Publications | year=1985 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzozRa9wJ9kC&pg=PA46 | access-date=2020-11-27|ref=none}}
* {{cite book | author=Arihant Experts| title=Know Your State Jammu and Kashmir | publisher=Arihant Publications India| year=2019 | isbn=978-93-131-6916-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NhrzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA226 | access-date=2020-11-27|ref=none}}

{{Singing}}
{{Indian Music}}
{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}

[[Category:Hindustani music| ]]
[[Category:Pakistani styles of music]]
[[Category:Indian styles of music]]
[[Category:Ballads| ]]
[[Category:Music and politics]]
[[Category:Music and humour]]
[[Category:Musical techniques]]
[[Category:Humor in classical music]]
[[Category:Medieval culture]]
[[Category:Classical music in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Indian folk music]]
[[Category:Kashmiri culture]]

Ladishah - Revision history

CleanupBot at 18:27, 1 January 2022