Kartikshina85855 at 22:19, 15 January 2026

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{{Short description|Criminal case in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = C. N. Lakshmikanthan
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Madras]], [[British India]] (present-day Chennai, India)
| death_date = 7 November 1944
| death_place = Madras, British India
| death_cause = Stabbing
| body_discovered =
| education =
| occupation = Film journalist
| spouse =
| parents =
| partner =
| known_for = Victim of an unsolved murder
}}

The '''Lakshmikanthan murder case''' was a high-profile criminal trial that was conducted in the then [[Madras Presidency]] of [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] between November 1944 and April 1947. The cause of the trial was the murder of C. N. Lakshmikanthan, a Tamil film journalist. Lakshmikanthan was stabbed in [[Vepery]], [[Madras]], on 7 November 1944. He died the next morning in General Hospital, Madras.

A criminal case was filed and a series of suspects were arrested. The suspects included Tamil film actors [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] and [[N. S. Krishnan]] and director [[S. M. Sriramulu Naidu]]. While Naidu was acquitted, Bhagavathar and Krishnan were found guilty and convicted. Bhagavathar and Krishnan appealed to the [[Madras High Court]], but their appeals were turned down. The duo remained in jail until 1947, when an appeal to the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] was successful, and the Privy Council directed the sessions court to make a fresh retrial. They were found to be innocent and acquitted. The case remains unsolved as the real killers were never identified.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Frederick|first=Prince|date=23 August 2013|title=Gripped by sleaze, sex and murders|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/gripped-by-sleaze-sex-and-murders/article5049706.ece|access-date=19 May 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=19 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519112007/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/gripped-by-sleaze-sex-and-murders/article5049706.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The arrest completely broke Bhagavathar's morale. He lost all his money and died in 1959 in [[penury]]. Krishnan went on to do a few films, only some of which were successful.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

== Background ==

=== The feud between the accused and Lakshmikanthan ===
C. N. Lakshmikanthan was an infamous film journalist in [[Madras Presidency]]. His foray into journalism began in 1943 when he launched a film weekly called ''Cinema Thoothu'' which was extremely successful, due to extensive columns devoted to the personal lives of some of the top actors and actresses of the day. Many actors and actresses responded by paying large amounts of money to "buy" his silence. As a result, Lakshmikanthan set up a prosperous vocation.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/defender-of-lost-causes/article28528418.ece|title=Defender of lost causes|date=7 November 2004|work=The Hindu|access-date=31 August 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020161958/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-sundaymagazine/defender-of-lost-causes/article28528418.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Eventually, matters reached a standstill when Bhagavathar, Krishnan, and Naidu submitted a memorandum to the Governor of Madras, [[Arthur Hope, 2nd Baron Rankeillour|Arthur Oswald James Hope]], requesting him to revoke the license for the magazine. Hope obliged and the license for the magazine was cancelled. Lakshmikanthan tried to run the magazine with forged documents but, after a few months, he was forced to close shop.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

Unfazed, Lakshmikanthan set up a new magazine called ''Hindu Nesan'' in which he continued his scandalous stories on Bhagavathar, Krishnan and a few other top actors, actresses and film people of the day. The tactics paid huge dividends and Lakshmikanthan purchased his own printing press.<ref name="pritt">{{cite news|title=Defender of lost causes |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/11/07/stories/2004110700510400.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=7 November 2004 |first=Randor |last=Guy |authorlink=Randor Guy |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826142551/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2004/11/07/stories/2004110700510400.htm |archivedate=26 August 2009 }}</ref>

=== Lakshmikanthan's background ===

Film historian and author [[Randor Guy]] writes that Lakshmikanthan had a dark past with a criminal record. As a young man, Lakshmikanthan desired to become a lawyer but could not afford the expense involved as his family was not well-off. However, with his sufficient knowledge of law, he managed to establish himself as a "[[tout]]". He was successful for some time but was eventually caught and convicted for forgery. He tried to escape but was captured and imprisoned on a seven-year term at [[Rajahmundry]] jail. He tried to escape once again but was caught and deported to the [[Andaman Islands]].

Lakshmikanthan was eventually released when the islands came under Japanese occupation during the [[Second World War]]. He returned to India and established himself as a journalist.<ref name="varada">{{cite news |title=The Varadachariar viewpoint |url=http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/04/stories/2003080400140300.htm |date=24 August 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |first=S. |last=Muthiah |authorlink=S. Muthiah |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404102501/http://www.thehindujobs.com/thehindu/mp/2003/08/04/stories/2003080400140300.htm |archivedate=2009-04-04 |access-date=2009-02-02 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/madras375/a-hint-of-scandal-in-madras/article6321907.ece | title=A hint of scandal in Madras | date=16 August 2014 | first1=T. A. | last1=Narasimhan | first2=B. | last2=Kolappan | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=22 January 2019 | archive-date=4 November 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104200142/http://www.thehindu.com/madras375/a-hint-of-scandal-in-madras/article6321907.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.thehindu.com/madras375/a-hint-of-scandal-in-madras/article6321907.ece| title=A hint of scandal in Madras| work=The Hindu| date=16 August 2014| accessdate=28 October 2014| archive-date=25 June 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625115449/http://www.thehindu.com/madras375/a-hint-of-scandal-in-madras/article6321907.ece| url-status=live}}</ref>

== The murder ==
{{Moresources|section|date=December 2022}}
[[File:General collins Road.jpg|right|thumb|130px| General Collins Road, Vepery]]
In the morning of 8 November 1944, Lakshmikanthan paid a visit to his close friend and lawyer, J. Nargunam, who lived in Vepery, a suburb in [[Madras]]. En route during return to his residence at the Venkatachala Mudali Street in [[Purasawalkam]], another Madras suburb, by a [[Pulled rickshaw|hand-rickshaw]] at 10:00 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]) in General Collins Road, he was attacked by a group of unknown assailants — one of whom stabbed him with a knife.<ref name="pritt" /><ref name="attack">{{cite news|title=C. N. Lakshmikantam Attacked Again|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PIw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=IUwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3181%2C6691042|accessdate=18 February 2018|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=9 November 1944|page=2|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020162026/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PIw-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=IUwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3181%2C6691042|url-status=live}}</ref>

He reportedly suffered injuries in the left side of his abdomen among minor wounds on other parts of his body.<ref name="attack"/> The bleeding Lakshmikanthan managed to garner enough strength to walk to the lawyer's house, who listened to his description of the incident, and then sent him to General Hospital, Madras in the company of his friend, Brew.

On the way, Lakshmikanthan requested the rickshaw-driver to stop at Vepery police station to file a complaint against the assailants. At about that time, Brew took leave of him. Profusely bleeding and unable to move, Lakshmikanthan dictated his description of the incident while sitting in the rickshaw while inspector Krishnan Nambiyar wrote it down on a piece of paper.

At the General Hospital, Lakshmikanthan was admitted to the Wenlock Ward when bleeding in the abdomen did not cease. In the ward, Dr. P.R. Balakrishnan inspected his abdomen to check whether there was a serious wound. After this inspection, Lakshmikanthan's condition reportedly grew serious and he died at 4:15 a.m. (IST) on 9 November 1944 due to secondary shock caused by damage to the kidney.<ref name="pritt" /> ''[[The Indian Express]]'' reported that he was "aged about fifty" at the time of his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=C. N. Lakshmikantam Dies in Hospital|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PYw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=5041%2C6764951|accessdate=18 February 2018|work=The Indian Express|date=10 November 1944|page=4|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020162038/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PYw-AAAAIBAJ&pg=5041%2C6764951|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Arrests ==

On the day of the attack, the police arrested one Vadivelu.<ref name="attack"/> Six suspects were arrested in the days following the murder. Among them were Bhagavathar, Krishnan and Naidu.<ref name="pritt" /> They were tried for the murder. Bhagavathar and Krishnan were convicted while Naidu was acquitted.<ref name="pritt" /> The Madras High Court sentenced the duo to [[transportation for life]].<ref name="pritt" /> Krishnan and Bhagavathar appealed to the [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]].<ref name="pritt" /> However, the appeal from the Privy Council did not come until the duo had already spent 30 months in jail.<ref name="pritt" />

== Suspects ==

{{See|M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar}}

[[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] (1909-1959) was one of the biggest stars of early Tamil cinema. With his trademark long hair and his sweet voice, he set long-standing movie records. He was appreciated for his generosity and was perhaps the only film actor to be awarded a "[[Rao Bahadur]]" title (which he refused).

At the time of his arrest, Bhagavathar was at the peak of his success. He had just completed shooting for ''[[Haridas (1944 film)|Haridas]]'', which ran for three successful years at Sun Theatre in Broadway, Madras. He was the highest-paid Tamil actor at the time and had been signed for as many as 12 films at the time of his arrest.

===N. S. Krishnan===

[[N. S. Krishnan]] was a Tamil film comedian, drama artist, playback singer and writer in the early stages of the Tamil film industry. He is considered as the "Charlie Chaplin of India."

He acted in nearly 150 Tamil films and the matinee-duo of Krishnan and T. A. Madhuram (later his wife) in Tamil films was very popular; he did roles along with leading stage and cine artists. He was also a talented singer.

His jail term and fight for justice made him penurious; his wealth was lost in fighting the case.

==See also==

* [[List of unsolved murders (1900–1979)]]
* [[Murder of Renukaswamy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

* {{Cite web|url=http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/244689/|title=Transcript of the verdict in M.K. Thiagaraja Bhagavathar And Ors. vs on 29 October 1945|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20170625120518/https://indiankanoon.org/doc/244689/|archivedate=25 June 2017|url-status=dead}}


[[Category:1944 murders in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th century in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases]]
[[Category:Scandals in India]]
[[Category:Trials in India]]
[[Category:Unsolved murders in India]]
[[Category:Murder trials]]
[[Category:1944 in Indian cinema]]
[[Category:Controversies about films in India]]
[[Category:1940s trials]]
[[Category:November 1944 in Asia]]
[[Category:Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Journalists killed in India]]
[[Category:Murdered Indian journalists]]
[[Category:Madras Presidency]]
[[Category:India in World War II]]

Lakshmikanthan murder case - Revision history

Kartikshina85855 at 22:19, 15 January 2026