>Kaltenmeyer at 16:16, 23 December 2021

2021-12-23T16:16:45Z

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Lalduhoma
| image = [[File:Lalduhawma in 2011 (crop).jpg|200px]]
| caption = Lalduhoma in 2011
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1949|2|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = Tualpui, [[Mizoram]]
| residence = [[Aizawl]], Mizoram
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Member of Legislative Assembly]][[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|, Mizoram Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Serchhip (Legislative Assembly constituency)|Serchhip]]
| term_start = 2018
| term_end =
| predecessor = ''Constituency Established''
| successor =

| constituency_MP1 = [[Mizoram (Lok Sabha Constituency)|Mizoram]]
| term1 = 1984–1989
| predecessor1 = [[R. Rothuama]]
| successor1 = [[C. Silvera]]
| party = [[Zoram People's Movement]]
| spouse = Liansailovi
| children = Two sons
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Lalduhoma''' (alternatively spelled '''Lalduhawma''',<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-19|title=Entire Northeast burning because of Citizenship Bill: Lalduhawma|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/mizoram/entire-northeast-burning-because-of-citizenship-bill-lalduhawma-5546079/|access-date=2021-02-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> born 22 February 1949<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Biodata of Shri Lalduhoma|url=https://mizoram.nic.in/gov/mla/mla21.htm|access-date=2021-02-05|website=mizoram.nic.in}}</ref>) is an Indian politician and a former [[Indian Police Service]] officer from Mizoram. Resigning from the security service to the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Indira Gandhi]], he was elected as [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament to the Lok Sabha]] from Mizoram in 1984. He left the [[Indian National Congress]], the party from which he was elected, for which he was disqualified from the parliament. He became the first MP to be discharged upon [[Parliamentary system|anti-defection law]] in India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Parashar|first=Utpal|date=2020-11-27|title=Ex IPS officer-in-charge of former PM Indira Gandhi's security disqualified as Independent MLA|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ex-ips-officer-in-charge-of-former-pm-indira-gandhi-s-security-disqualified-as-independent-mla/story-vvumfSUbg1GrlzYMNxcxSL.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Lalduhoma is the founder and president of [[Zoram Nationalist Party]], a regional political party in Mizoram. His party joined the coalition party [[Zoram People's Movement]], in which he was chosen as the first Chief Ministerial candidate in the [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=ToMZ|title=ZPM Chief Ministerial Candidate Pu Lalduhawman Zahthlak A Ti|url=https://www.timesofmizoram.com/2018/05/zpm-chief-ministerial-candidate-pu-lalduhoma.html|access-date=2021-02-05|website=TIMES OF MIZORAM}}</ref> He was elected from [[Aizawl West I (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Aizawl West I]] and [[Serchhip (Legislative Assembly constituency)|Serchhip]] constituencies, and chose to represent Serchhip. While serving as leader of the opposition of the legislature, he was disqualified as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] on charge of breaching anti-defection law in 2020to become the first case in state legislatures in India.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Karmakar|first=Rahul|date=2020-11-27|title=Mizoram Assembly Speaker disqualifies Zoram People's Movement MLA Lalduhoma|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mizoram-mla-who-was-indira-gandhis-security-chief-disqualified/article33191798.ece|access-date=2021-02-05|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was re-elected from the same Serchhip constituency in a [[by-election]] in 2021.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=2021-05-02|title=Mizoram's opposition party ZPM wins Serchip assembly bypoll|url=https://theprint.in/india/mizorams-opposition-party-zpm-wins-serchip-assembly-bypoll/650832/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=ThePrint|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Early life==
Lalduhoma is the son of a farmer, Vaisanga (L) and his wife Kaichhingi at Tualpui village. He is the youngest of four siblings. He studied at Khawzawl elementary and middle schools, and completed matriculation from G.M. High School at Champhai. He was appointed in 1972 as Principal Assistant at the Chief Minister's Office by [[Ch. Chhunga]], the first Chief Minister of Mizoram. While working, he enrolled for an evening course of bachelor's degree and graduated with distinction from [[Gauhati University]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Sailo|first=Rothuama|date=18 August 2017|title=LALDUHOMA CHANCHIN ( Hriatzau nan ) - Biography of ZNP president Lalduhoma|url=https://www.timesofmizoram.com/2017/08/lalduhoma-chanchin-hriatzau-nan.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Times of Mizoram}}</ref>

==Career==

=== Government services ===
From 1972 to 1977 Lalduhoma worked as Principal Assistant to the Chief Minister of Mizoram. Following his graduation, he appeared for Indian civil services examinations at Shillong.<ref name=":4" /> Qualifying the [[Indian Police Service]] in 1977, he served as a squad leader at Goa to crush delinquent hippies and smugglers. His achievements were recognised by the national media. He was transferred to serve as security in-charge of Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] at New Delhi in 1982.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kamakar|first=Sumir|date=2018-11-23|title=Indira Gandhi's guard fights to unseat Cong in Mizoram|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/indira-gandhi-s-guard-fights-704533.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> He was given special promotion as [[Superintendent of police (India)|Deputy Commissioner of Police]]. He was also secretary of the organising committee of the [[1982 Asian Games]], chaired by [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name=":4" />

=== Indian National Congress ===
Inspired by Gandhi to work in politics, particularly on the political and social turmoil environment in Mizoram due to [[Mizo National Front uprising|Mizo National Front insurgency]] that started in 1966, Lalduhoma resigned from police service to join the [[Indian National Congress]] party in 1984. Indira Gandhi's ministry entrusted him to resolve the insurgency by negotiating the MNF leader [[Laldenga]]. He visited Laldenga in London and persuaded him for peace talk with the [[Government of India]]. He also made Laldenga to make a message to the Mizo people that INC was the instrumental party of peace. As the elected Chief Minister [[Lal Thanhawla]] later reported, the recorded message made by Lalduhoma was the key in the success of INC in the 1984 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sen|first=Sumanta|date=18 April 2018|title=MNF chief Laldenga's recorded message from London does the trick for Congress(I)|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19840531-mnf-chief-laldengas-recorded-message-from-london-does-the-trick-for-congressi-803649-1984-05-31|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Lalduhoma contested from Lunglei constituency, but lost. Realising his political situation, Indira Gandhi told the [[List of governors of Mizoram|Governor of Mizoram]] H. S. Dubey to make provision and privileges for Lalduhoma.<ref name=":4" /> Laduhoma was immediately appointed as Vice Chairman of Mizoram State Planning Board, at the rank of [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet ministers]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mazumdar|first=Prasanta|date=9 December 2018|title=Mizoram polls: This retired IPS officer could be kingmaker|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/elections/mizoram-elections/2018/dec/09/mizoram-polls-this-retired-ips-officer-could-be-kingmaker-1909175.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

Lalduhoma was elected on 31 May 1984 as President of Mizoram INC.<ref name=":4" /> His political goal focussed on peace talk and then arranged for Ladenga to return to India. Laldenga and Indira Gandhi were scheduled to meet in the afternoon of 31 October, but [[Assassination of Indira Gandhi|Gandhi was assassinated in that morning]].<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Singh|first=Sushant|date=2016-06-30|title=In fact: Happy Birthday peace: The Mizo Accord turns 30|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/mizo-accord-congres-mizoram-insurgents-mizo-accord-anniversary-2884305/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> In the 1984 Lok Sabha election in December, Laduhoma was elected as an INC candidate from [[Mizoram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mizoram constituency]]. He was compelled to abdicate as President of INC the same year. As his party lacked actions for peace to his expectations, he withdrew membership from INC in 1986, which became a violation of the provision under the [[Anti-defection law (India)|Anti-Defection Law of 1985]] to remain in legislatures. According to the [[Constitution of India]] (Fifty-Second Amendment of 1985) Tenth Schedule (paragraph 2 clause 1a), members of the parliament and state legislature can be disqualified if they leave the party for which they were elected.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=The Constitution (Fifty-Second Amendment) Act, 1985|url=https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-fifty-second-amendment-act-1985|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=legislative.gov.in}}</ref> The Lok Sabha Speaker disqualified him on 24 November 1988, and became the first MP to be disqualified under the anti-defection law in India for giving up membership of the party which he represented.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|last2=|last3=|first3=|date=28 November 2020|title=Former IPS officer Lalduhoma disqualified again, this time as Mizoram MLA|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/lalduhoma-disqualified-again-this-time-as-mizoram-mla/articleshow/79458597.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-05|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> He later commented, saying, "I am proud of my first defection, of that decision... [because it was] for the cause of peace in my state, because the peace process was getting delayed."<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Jaiswal|first=Umanand|date=28 November 2020|title=Mizoram Opposition leader disqualified under anti-defection law|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/mizoram-opposition-leader-disqualified-under-anti-defection-law/cid/1798877|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> He formed Mizo National Union (MNU) in 1986 that later merged with [[Mizoram People's Conference]] and was made working President.<ref name=":4" />

=== Zoram Nationalist Party ===
Laluhoma, supported by Students' Joint Action Committee and other political parties, created Action for Peace Committee in 1986.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2UdAQAAMAAJ|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India|date=1986|publisher=Times of India|pages=17|language=en}}</ref> While visiting New Delhi, Lalduhoma got information that it was the state government who delayed the peace talk. The committee demanded the state ministry to resign from the legislature by organising public protests in early June and then mass hunger strike on 23 June.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bora|first=Pankaj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxGuBQAAQBAJ&q=lalduhoma+action+committee+for+peace+1986|title=Students Politics in India: Understanding the Experiences in North East India|date=2013-09-27|publisher=Bidya Bhawan|isbn=978-93-81784-66-2|location=Jorhat (India)|pages=97|language=en}}</ref> The protests prompted a peace talk that culminated in signing of the [[Mizoram Peace Accord]] on 30 June.<ref name=":7" /> The insurgency was officially terminated and the [[Mizo National Front]] became a recognised political party and was offered the state legislature. Lalduhoma briefly joined MNF as Advisor, but soon split from them to establish Mizo National Front (Nationalist), which was renamed [[Zoram Nationalist Party]], in 1997. As a ZNP candidate, he was elected to Mizoram Legislative Assembly from [[Ratua (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ratu]] in the 2003 election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mizoram.nic.in/gov/formermploksabha.htm|title=M.P - Lok Sabha Former Members|website=mizoram.nic.in|accessdate=25 January 2017}}</ref>

=== Zoram People's Movement ===
In the 2018 election, he and his party joined a coalition party, the [[Zoram People's Movement]] (ZPM). The party officially declared him the Chief Ministerial candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Khojol|first=Henry L.|date=9 May 2018|title=ZPM declares CM candidate|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/zpm-declares-cm-candidate/cid/1448491|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Telegraph}}</ref> The coalition party could not obtained recognition from the [[Election Commission of India]] as official party at the time, so he contested as an [[Independent politician|independent]] (not affiliated to any party) candidate. He was elected in two constituencies, Aizawl West I and Serchhip, and chose to represent Serchhip, where he defeated the incumbent Chief Minister Lal Thanhawla by 410 votes.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-11|title=Mizoram election results 2018: Mizoram chief minister Lal Thanhawla loses both seats, MNF all set to return to power after 10 years|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mizoram-elections/mizoram-election-results-2018-mizoram-chief-minister-lal-thanhawla-loses-both-seats-mnf-all-set-to-return-to-power-after-10-years/story-12eIgoCMGzsos89M5xYc3I.html|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> He was elected as leader of the opposition bench of the Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the Mizoram Legislative Assembly.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Singh|first=Bikash|title=Mizoram Assembly Speaker disqualifies leader of opposition under anti-defection law|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/mizoram-assembly-speaker-disqualifies-leader-of-the-opposition-under-anti-defection-law/articleshow/79454670.cms|access-date=2021-02-05}}</ref> He continued to serve as leader of ZPM, which became a registered political party in 2019. In September 2020, 12 MLAs from the ruling party, Mizo National Front, submitted a representation to the Mizoram Legislative Assembly Speaker [[Lalrinliana Sailo]] that Lalduhoma had violated the anti-defection law on the ground that he served as leader of ZPM party while being elected as an independent candidate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mizoram MLA Lalduhoma Disqualified From Assembly For Defecting|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mizoram-mla-lalduhoma-the-first-lok-sabha-mp-to-be-disqualified-axed-again-for-defection-2331229|access-date=2021-02-05|website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Karmakar|first=Rahul|date=2020-11-27|title=Mizoram Assembly Speaker disqualifies Zoram People's Movement MLA Lalduhoma|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mizoram-mla-who-was-indira-gandhis-security-chief-disqualified/article33191798.ece|access-date=2021-05-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> According to the Anti-Defection Law (paragraph 2 clause 2), an independently elected member can be disqualified if he/she joins any party after election.<ref name=":8" /> Lalduhoma was disappointed and said, "I contested as independent because the registration of my party ZPM was not complete... The law is to punish defectors who join another party but I have remained failthful to the ZPM... My case is unprecedented in India."<ref name=":6" /> On 27 November 2020, the Speaker officially disqualified him from the legislature.<ref name=":0" /> He became the first MLA to be removed from the Mizoram Legislative Assembly, or any state legislature in India.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

In a by-election of the Serchhip constituency on 17 April 2021, Lalduhoma reclaimed the legislative seat by defeating his major opponent [[Vanlalzawma]] of the MNF party by 3,310 votes.<ref name=":5" />

== Personal life ==
Lalduhoma is married to Liansailovi.<ref name=":4" /> They have two sons and live at Chawlhhmun, Aizawl.<ref name=":2" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919031215/http://www.znpmizoram.com/bio_duhoma.html Lalduhoma Profile]

{{Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lalduhawma}}
[[Category:Mizo people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:8th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Mizoram MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Opposition in Mizoram]]

Lalduhoma - Revision history

>Kaltenmeyer at 16:16, 23 December 2021