Mmeshi at 05:06, 8 August 2022

2022-08-08T05:06:38Z

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{{Other uses|Landsting (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{expand Danish|topic=hist}}
{{Infobox legislature
| name = Landstinget
| native_name =
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| logo_pic = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg
| logo_res = 100px
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| house_type = [[Bicameralism]]
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| foundation = {{Start date|1849|06|05|df=y}}
| disbanded = {{End date|1953|06|05|df=y}}
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| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the Landsting|Speaker of Landstinget]]
| leader1 = ''See list''
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| seats = 76
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| structure1 = 1953 Danish Landsting election.svg
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| political_groups1 = '''[[Eriksen Cabinet|Last Government]] (35)'''
* {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|Venstre (Denmark)}}}} [[Venstre (Denmark)|Venstre – Liberal Party]] (22)}}
* {{nowrap|{{Color box|{{party color|Conservative People's Party (Denmark)}}}} [[Conservative People's Party (Denmark)|Conservative People's Party]] (13)}}
'''[[Confidence and supply|Supported by]] (1)'''
* {{Color box|{{party color|Justice Party of Denmark}}}} [[Justice Party of Denmark]] (1)
'''[[Opposition (politics)|Opposition]] (39)'''
* {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democrats (Denmark)}}}} [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] (33)
* {{Color box|{{party color|Danish Social Liberal Party}}}} [[Danish Social Liberal Party|Radikale Venstre – Social Liberal Party]] (6)
'''Faroe Islands'''
* {{Color box|#cccccc}} Independent (1)
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| term_length = 8 years
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| voting_system1 = [[Indirect voting]]
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| first_election1 = [[1849 Danish Landsting election]] ([[:da:Landstingsvalget 1849|da]])
| first_election2 =
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| last_election1 = [[1953 Danish Landsting election]] ([[:da:Landstingsvalget 1953|da]])
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}}
'''Landstinget''' was the [[upper house]] of the [[Rigsdag]] (the [[parliament]] of [[Denmark]]), from 1849 until 1953, when the [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] system was abolished in favour of [[unicameralism]]. Landstinget had powers equal to the [[Folketing]], which made the two houses of parliament hard to distinguish.

Originally, membership and the electorate was restricted, and the members were largely [[Conservatism|conservatives]]. Membership of the house was then restricted to certain sectors of society: only males with a certain net worth could hold a seat. In 1915, these restrictions were removed, and a few new members were appointed by the existing members.

==Etymology and earlier use==
[[File:Landstingssalen 2018a.jpg|thumb|left|The former Landsting chamber in [[Christiansborg Palace]] in 2018.]]

{{Lang|da|Ting}} (old Norse: [[Thing (assembly)|þing]]) means [[Deliberative assembly|assembly]]. It first came into being during [[Viking]] times and was formed by the [[Citizenship|freemen]] of the community, and it generally numbered about a hundred men. Tings were necessary in the [[Norse clans|clan-based society]] of Northern Germany and [[Scandinavia]], because they allowed for inter-clan wars to be resolved or prevented through the [[mediation]] of the ting. It also served as the place for religious rites and trade negotiations.

Landstinget is also the Danish name for the modern [[Parliament of Greenland]].

==History==
[[Image:Rigsretten i Landstingssalen 1877.jpg|thumb|left|The Danish Court of Impeachment, ''Rigsretten'', during a session in the Landsting Chamber, Christiansborg Palace, 1877.]]

Under the [[Constitution of Denmark|Constitution of 1849]], the requirements for the [[Suffrage|right to vote]] was the same for the two houses, however the [[Nomination rules|requirements for electability]] were stricter for Landstinget; candidates were limited to those of age 40 and above and they were required to have a substantial income.<ref name=constitution>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-9.asp |title=Official Denmark – Constitution |access-date=21 January 2007 |last=Zahle |first=Henrik |work=Denmark |publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070110120220/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-9.asp |archive-date=10 January 2007 }}</ref> The house originally had 51 members, all elected indirectly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sekr.uvm.dk/historie/tekster_tidssoejle/tid_hist/dan_2_grund_48.html|title=Danmarks Riges Grundlov af 5. juni 1849|access-date=21 January 2007|work=Danmarkshistorien|publisher=[[Ministry of Education of Denmark|Danish Ministry of Education]]|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212021337/http://sekr.uvm.dk/historie/tekster_tidssoejle/tid_hist/dan_2_grund_48.html|archive-date=12 February 2007}}</ref> The voters elected a group of electors for each [[Electoral district|constituency]], and the electors elected the members of the house. The members were elected for a [[Term of office|term]] of eight years; however, terms were [[Staggered elections|staggered]] so that half of the seats were up for election every four years.

With the Constitution of 1866, the electoral system was reformed. The number of seats was increased to 66 of which 12 were appointed by [[Monarchy of Denmark|the king]] for a period of twelve years, and one by the [[Faroe Islands|Faroese]] [[Løgting]].<ref name=gjennemsete>{{cite web|url=http://sekr.uvm.dk/historie/tekster_tidssoejle/tid_hist/dan_5_grund_66.html|title=Danmarks Riges Gjennemsete Grundlov af 5. juni 1849 som stadfæstet 28. juli 1866|access-date=21 January 2007|work=Danmarkshistorien|publisher=[[Ministry of Education of Denmark|Danish Ministry of Education]]|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070319094830/http://sekr.uvm.dk/historie/tekster_tidssoejle/tid_hist/dan_5_grund_66.html|archive-date=19 March 2007}}</ref> The remaining 53 were elected indirectly.

In [[Copenhagen]], half the electors were elected by the voters paying the largest amount of tax, and the other half by all the voters. In the rest of the country, one elector was elected by the voters in each [[Parish (Denmark)|parish]] in the countryside and half as many electors were elected in the [[market town]]s by the same system as in Copenhagen. Then for each elector elected in the parishes and the market towns, one elector was found among those that paid the greatest amount of tax in the parishes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Engelstoft|first=Povl|editor=Bomholt, J. |editor2=Fabricius, K. |editor3=Hjelholt, H. |editor4=Mackeprang, M. |editor5=Møller A.|title=Den Danske Rigsdag 1849–1949 bind II – Rigsdagens historie 1866–1949|year=1951|publisher=J. H. Schultz Forlag|location=Copenhagen|language=da|pages=27–28}}</ref> As the main [[direct tax]] of the time was based on [[real estate]] and its value as [[Agricultural land|farmland]], this system greatly favoured [[Manorialism|manor]] owners. The result was a conservative majority lasting 35 years, until the [[1902 Danish Landsting election|1902 election]].<ref name=gjennemsete />

The next reform of the electoral system came with the Constitution of 1915, and the first election under this system was the [[1918 Danish Landsting election|1918 election]]. Women were [[Women's suffrage|given the right to vote]], the number of seats was increased to 72, the number of constituencies was reduced to seven, and the system of royally appointed members was replaced by 18 members elected by the resigning Landsting for a period of eight years.<ref>Engelstoft, p. 278.</ref><ref name=Rosenkrantz>{{cite book |last=Rosenkrantz|first=Palle|title=Den danske regering og rigsdag 1903–1934|year=1934|publisher=Arthur Jensens Forlag|location=Copenhagen|language=da|pages=41, 407}}</ref> The same year, [[Inger Gautier Schmit]], along with [[Nina Bang]], [[Kirsten Marie Christensen|Marie Christensen]], [[Marie Hjelmer]] and [[Olga Knudsen]], were the first women elected to the Landsting.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Inger Gautier Schmit {{!}} lex.dk|url=https://biografiskleksikon.lex.dk/Inger_Gautier_Schmit|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|language=da}}</ref>

Although a [[1939 Danish constitutional referendum|1939 referendum]] that would have replaced Landstinget with another chamber—the Rigsting—and simplified the legislative process, failed due to a low [[voter turnout]], the bicameral system and thereby Landstinget was abolished when the current constitution was approved in a [[1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum|1953 referendum]].

==List of speakers==
{{main|Speaker of the Landsting}}

==See also==
*[[Danish politics]]
*[[Government of Denmark]]
**[[Government of the Faroe Islands]]
**[[Government of Greenland]]
*[[List of speakers of the Folketing]] (1850-)
*[[Thing (assembly)|Ting]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

{{Danish elections}}

[[Category:Government of Denmark]]
[[Category:Thing (assembly)]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in Denmark]]
[[Category:1953 disestablishments in Denmark]]
[[Category:Historical legislatures]]
[[Category:Political history of Denmark]]

Landstinget - Revision history

Mmeshi at 05:06, 8 August 2022