136.32.45.97 at 02:25, 16 June 2022

2022-06-16T02:25:13Z

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{{more citations needed|date=December 2016}}
{{short description|Overview of the languages spoken in Asia}}
[[File:Language families of modern Asia.png|thumb|450px|The Language families of Asia]]
A wide variety of languages are spoken throughout [[Asia]], comprising different language families and some unrelated isolates. The major language families include [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]], [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]], [[Caucasian languages|Caucasian]], [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]], [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]], [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]], [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] and [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra–Dai]]. Most, but not all, have a long history as a written language.

==Language groups==
[[File:Ethnolinguisticswasiacia.jpg|thumb|300px|Ethnolinguistic distribution in Central/Southwest Asia of the [[Altaic languages|Altaic]], [[Caucasian languages|Caucasian]], [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]] (Hamito-Semitic) and [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] families.]]
The major families in terms of numbers are [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] and [[Indo-Aryan languages]] and [[Dravidian languages]] in South Asia and [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] in East Asia. Several other families are regionally dominant.

===Sino-Tibetan===
{{main|Sino-Tibetan languages}}
Sino-Tibetan includes [[Chinese language|Chinese]], [[Tibetic languages|Tibetan]], [[Burmese language|Burmese]], [[S’gaw Karen language|Karen]], [[Boro language (India)|Boro]] and numerous languages of the Tibetan Plateau, southern China, Burma, and North east India.

===Indo-European===
{{main|Indo-Iranian languages|Slavic languages|Armenian languages|Anatolian languages|Tocharian languages}}
The [[Indo-European languages]] are primarily represented by the [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian branch]]. The family includes both [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indic]] languages ([[Hindi]], [[Urdu]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Odia language|Odia]], [[Assamese language|Assamese]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] and other languages spoken primarily in [[South Asia]]) and [[Iranian languages|Iranian]] ([[Persian language|Persian]], [[Kurdish languages|Kurdish]], [[Pashto]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]] and other languages spoken primarily in Iran, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Central Asia, the Caucasus and parts of South Asia). In addition, other branches of Indo-European spoken in Asia include the [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] branch, which includes [[Russian language|Russian]] in [[Siberia]]; [[Greek language|Greek]] around the [[Black Sea]]; and [[Armenian language|Armenian]]; as well as extinct languages such as [[Hittite language|Hittite]] of Anatolia and [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] of (Chinese) Turkestan.

===Altaic families===
{{main|Altaic languages}}
A number of smaller, but important and separately distinguished language families spread across central and northern Asia have long been linked in a hypothetical, controversial and unproven Altaic family. These are the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]], [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] (including [[Manchu language|Manchu]]), [[Koreanic languages|Koreanic]], and [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] languages. But recently, it is often considered as [[Sprachbund]] by the majority.

===Mon–Khmer===
{{main|Austroasiatic languages}}
The Mon–Khmer languages (also known as Austroasiatic) are the language family in South and Southeast Asia. Languages given official status are [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] and [[Khmer language|Khmer]] (Cambodian).

===Kra–Dai===
{{main|Kra–Dai languages}}
The [[Kra–Dai languages]] (also known as Tai-Kadai) are found in southern China, Northeast India and Southeast Asia. Languages given official status are [[Thai language|Thai]] (Siamese) and [[Lao language|Lao]].

===Austronesian===
{{main|Austronesian languages}}
The [[Austronesian languages]] are widespread throughout [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], including major languages such as [[Fijian language|Fijian]] ([[Fiji]]), [[Bicolano language|Bikol]], [[Cebuano language|Cebuano]], [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] ([[Philippines]]), and [[Malay language|Malay]] ([[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], and [[Brunei]]). [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], and [[Madurese language|Madurese]] of [[Indonesia]] and also [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] belong to this family as well.

===Dravidian===
{{main|Dravidian languages}}
The Dravidian languages of southern Asia (India) and parts of Sri Lanka include [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Malayalam]], while smaller languages such as [[Gondi language|Gondi]] and [[Brahui language|Brahui]] are spoken in central India and Pakistan respectively.

===Afro-Asiatic===
{{main|Semitic languages}}
The [[Afroasiatic languages]] (in older sources Hamito-Semitic) are represented in Asia by the [[Semitic languages|Semitic branch]]. Semitic languages are spoken in [[Western Asia]], and include [[Arabic]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Neo-Aramaic language|Aramaic]], in addition to extinct languages such as [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]].

===Siberian families===
{{main|Paleosiberian languages}}
Besides the Altaic families already mentioned (of which Tungusic is today a minor family of Siberia), there are a number of small language families and isolates spoken across northern Asia. These include the [[Uralic languages]] of western Siberia (better known for Hungarian and Finnish in Europe), the [[Yeniseian languages]] ([[Dené–Yeniseian languages|linked]] to Turkic and to the Athabaskan languages of North America), [[Yukaghir languages|Yukaghir]], [[Nivkh language|Nivkh]] of Sakhalin, [[Ainu languages|Ainu]] of northern Japan, [[Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages|Chukotko-Kamchatkan]] in easternmost Siberia, and—just barely—[[Eskimo–Aleut languages|Eskimo–Aleut]]. Some linguists have noted that the [[Koreanic languages]] share more similarities with the [[Paleosiberian languages]] than with the [[Altaic languages]]. The extinct [[Ruan-ruan language|Ruan-ruan]] language of Mongolia is unclassified, and does not show genetic relationships with any other known language family.

===Caucasian families===
{{main|Languages of the Caucasus}}
Three small families are spoken in the [[Caucasus]]: [[Kartvelian languages]], such as [[Georgian language|Georgian]]; [[Northeast Caucasian languages|Northeast Caucasian]] (Dagestanian languages), such as [[Chechen language|Chechen]]; and [[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]], such as [[Circassian language|Circassian]]. The latter two may be related to each other. The extinct [[Hurro-Urartian languages]] may be related as well.

===Small families of Southern Asia===
Although dominated by major languages and families, there are number of minor families and isolates in [[South Asia]] & [[Southeast Asia]]. From west to east, these include:
*extinct languages of the [[Fertile Crescent]] such as [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]] and [[Elamite language|Elamite]]
*extinct languages of South Asia: the unclassified [[Harappan language]]
*small language families and isolates of the [[Indian subcontinent]]: [[Burushaski]], [[Kusunda language|Kusunda]], and [[Nihali language|Nihali]]. The [[Vedda language|Vedda]] language of [[Sri Lanka]] is likely an isolate that has mixed with [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]].
*the two [[Andamanese languages|Andamanese]] language families: [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]] and [[Ongan languages|Ongan]]; [[Sentinelese language|Sentinelese]] remains undocumented to date, and hence unclassified.
*unclassified languages in Southeast Asia: [[Kenaboi language|Kenaboi]].
*[[Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal]]: [[Digaro languages|Digaro]], [[Hrusish languages|Hrusish]] (including the [[Miji languages]]<ref name="Blench2015">Blench, Roger. 2015. [https://www.academia.edu/12657496/The_Mijiic_languages_distribution_dialects_wordlist_and_classification ''The Mijiic languages: distribution, dialects, wordlist and classification'']. m.s.</ref>), [[Midzu languages|Midzu]], [[Puroik language|Puroik]], [[Siangic languages|Siangic]], and [[Kho-Bwa languages|Kho-Bwa]]
*[[Hmong–Mien languages|Hmong–Mien]] (Miao–Yao) scattered across southern China and Southeast Asia
*several "[[Papuan languages|Papuan]]" families of the central and eastern Malay Archipelago: languages of [[Halmahera languages|Halmahera]], [[East Timor languages|East Timor]], and the extinct [[Tambora language|Tambora]] of [[Sumbawa]]. Numerous additional families are spoken in Indonesian [[New Guinea]], but this lies outside the scope of an article on Asian languages.
*'''[[Hattic language|Hattic]]''' was an unclassificed language in Anatolia'''.'''

===Creoles and pidgins===
{{main|Creole languages|Pidgin language}}
The eponymous [[Chinese Pidgin English|pidgin]] ("business") language developed with European trade in China. Of the many creoles to have developed, the most spoken today are [[Chavacano]], a [[Spanish-based creole]] of the Philippines, and various [[Malay-based creoles]] such as [[Manado Malay]] influenced by [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. A very well-known Portuguese-based creole is the [[Kristang language|Kristang]], which is spoken in [[Malacca]], a city-state in [[Malaysia]].

===Sign languages===
{{main|Sign language|List of sign languages#Asia/Pacific}}
A number of sign languages are spoken throughout Asia. These include the [[Japanese Sign Language family]], [[Chinese Sign Language]], [[Indo-Pakistani Sign Language]], as well as a number of small indigenous sign languages of countries such as [[Nepali Sign Language|Nepal]], [[Thailand]], and [[Vietnamese sign languages|Vietnam]]. Many official sign languages are part of the [[French Sign Language family]].

==Official languages==
{{main|List of official languages by state}}
Asia and Europe are the only two continents where most countries use native languages as their [[official languages]], though English is also widespread as an international language.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Language
!Native name
!data-sort-type="number"|Speakers
!Language family
!Official status in a country
!Official Status in a region
|-
| [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || Аԥсшәа || 240,000 || [[Northwest Caucasian]] || ''[[Abkhazia]]'' ||
|-
| [[Arabic]] || {{lang|ar|العَرَبِيَّة}} || 230,000,000 || [[Afro-Asiatic]] || • [[Bahrain]] • [[Iraq]] • [[Jordan]] • [[Kuwait]] • [[Lebanon]] • [[Oman]] • [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] • [[Qatar]] • [[Saudi Arabia]] • [[Syria]] • [[UAE]] • [[Yemen]] ||
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || {{lang|hy|հայերեն}} || 5,902,970 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Armenia]] ''[[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]]''||
|-
| [[Assamese language|Assamese]] || {{lang|as|অসমীয়া}}|| 15,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || ||[[India]]
*[[Assam]]
|-
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || Azərbaycanca || 23,000,000 ||[[Turkic languages|Turkic]] ||[[Azerbaijan]] ||
|-
|[[Balochi language|Balochi]]
|بلۏچی
Balòči
|7,600,000
|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|
|[[Pakistan]]

* [[Balochistan]]

[[Iran]]

* [[Sistan and Baluchestan Province|Sistan and Baluchestan]] ''(Recognised)''
|-
|[[Balti language|Balti]]
|بلتی
སྦལ་ཏི།
|392,800
|[[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]]
|
|[[Pakistan]]

* [[Gilgit Baltistan]]
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]] || {{lang|bn|বাংলা}} || 230,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Bangladesh]] || |[[India]]
*[[Barak Valley]], [[Assam]] (''Additional'')
*[[Jharkhand]] (''Recognised'')
*[[Tripura]]
*[[West Bengal]]
|-
| [[Bodo language|Bodo]] || बर'/बड़ Boro || 1,984,569 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || |[[Nepal]]
[[India]]
*[[Bodoland]], [[Assam]]
*[[West bengal]]
*
*
*
|-
| [[Burmese language|Burmese]] || {{lang|my|မြန်မာဘာသာ}} || 33,000,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || [[Myanmar]] ||
|-
| [[Cantonese]] || {{zh|廣東話/广东话|labels=no}} || 7,877,900|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[China]]
*[[Hong Kong]]
*[[Macau]]
|-
| [[Kuki-Chin languages|Chin]] || Kukish || 3,000,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Chin State]]
|-
| [[Standard Chinese|Chinese Mandarin]] || {{zh|普通話/普通话 國語/国语 華語/华语|labels=no}} || 1,200,000,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || • [[China]] • [[Singapore]]||
[[Hong Kong]]

[[Macau]]

[[Taiwan]]

[[Myanmar]]
* [[Kokang]]
* [[Wa State]]

|-
| [[Dari]] ||{{lang|prs|دری}} || 19,600,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Afghanistan]] ||
|-
| [[Maldivian language|Dhivehi]] || {{lang|dv|ދިވެހިބަސް}} || 400,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Maldives]] ||
|-
| [[Dzongkha]] || {{lang|dz|རྫོང་ཁ་}} || 600,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || [[Bhutan]] ||
|-
| [[Filipino language|Filipino]]|| Wikang Filipino
| 93,000,000 || [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] || [[Philippines]] ||
|-
| [[Formosan languages|Formosan]] || || 171,855 || [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] || || | [[Republic of China]]
*[[Taiwan]]
|-
| [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || {{lang|ka|ქართული}} || 4,200,000 || [[Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian]] || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] ||
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] || ગુજરાતી || 50,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || || |[[India]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
*[[Gujarat]]
|-
| [[Taiwanese Hakka|Hakka]]|| 客家話/客家话 Hak-kâ-fa || 2,370,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || | [[Republic of China]]
*[[Taiwan]]
|-
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] || {{lang|he|עברית}} || 7,000,000 || [[Afro-Asiatic]] || [[Israel]] ||
|-
| [[Hindi]] || हिन्दी || 550,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] ||[[India]]||
|-
| [[Matsu dialect|Hokchiu]]|| {{zh|馬祖話 Mā-cū-huâ|labels=no}} || 12,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || | [[Republic of China]]
*[[Matsu Islands|Matsu]], [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fukien]] (''de facto'')
|-
| [[Taiwanese Hokkien|Hokkien]]|| {{zh|臺灣話 Tâi-oân-oē|labels=no}} || 18,570,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || | [[Republic of China]]
*[[Taiwan]] (''de facto'')
|-
| [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] || Bahasa Indonesia || 260,000,000 || [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] || [[Indonesia]] ||
|-
| [[Japanese language|Japanese]] || {{lang|ja|日本語}} || 120,000,000 || [[Japonic]] || [[Japan]] (''de facto'') ||
|-
| [[Jingpho language|Kachin]] || Jinghpaw || 940,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Kachin State]]
|-
| [[Kannada]] || ಕನ್ನಡ || 51,000,000|| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] || || [[India]]
*[[Karnataka]]
|-
| [[S'gaw Karen language|Karen]] || ကညီကျိာ်း || 6,000,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Kayin State]]
|-
|[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]
|कॉशुर
كٲشُر
|7,000,000
|[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|
|[[India]]
* [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|-
| [[Red Karen language|Kayah]] || Karenni || 190,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Kayah State]]
|-
| [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] || Қазақша Qazaqsha {{lang|ar|قازاقشا}} || 18,000,000 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || [[Kazakhstan]] || [[China]]
*[[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]
[[Russia]]
*[[Altai Republic]]
|-
| [[Khmer language|Khmer]] || {{lang|km|ភាសាខ្មែរ}} || 16,000,000 || [[Austroasiatic]] || [[Cambodia]] ||
|-
| [[Korean language|Korean]] || {{lang|ko-KP|조선어}} {{lang|ko-KR|한국어}} || 80,000,000 || [[Koreanic]] || • [[North Korea]] • [[South Korea]] || [[China]]
*[[Changbai Korean Autonomous County]]
*[[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]]
|-
| [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] || Kurdî {{lang|ckb|کوردی}} || 60,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || ||[[Middle east]]
*[[Great Kurdistan]]
|-
| [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]] || Кыргызча {{lang|ar|قىرعىزچا}} || 2,900,000 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || [[Kyrgyzstan]] || [[China]]
*[[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture]]
|-
| [[Lao language|Lao]]|| {{lang|lo|ພາສາລາວ}} || 7,000,000 || [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]] || [[Laos]] ||
|-
| [[Malay language|Malay]] || Bahasa Melayu {{lang|ar|بهاس ملايو}} || 30,000,000 || [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] || • [[Malaysia]]
• [[Brunei]] • [[Singapore]]
|[[Indonesia]]
|-
| [[Malayalam]] || മലയാളം || 37,000,000 ||[[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] || || [[India]]
*[[Kerala]]
*[[Lakshadweep]]
*[[Mahé, India|Mahé]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Marathi language|Marathi]] || मराठी || 99,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || || [[India]]
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
*[[Goa]]
*[[Maharashtra]]
|-
| [[Meitei language|Meitei]] || ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟ মৈতৈ Manipuri || 2,000,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || |[[India]]
*[[Manipur]]
|-
| [[Mon language|Mon]] || {{lang|my|ဘာသာ မန်}} || 851,000 || [[Austroasiatic]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Mon State]]
|-
| [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] || Монгол хэл {{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}} || 2,000,000 || [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] || [[Mongolia]] || [[China]]
*[[Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]]
|-
| [[Nepali language|Nepali]] || नेपाली || 29,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Nepal]] || [[India]]
*[[Darjeeling district|Darjeeling]], [[West Bengal]] (''Additional'')
*[[Sikkim]]
|-
| [[Odia language|Odia]] || ଓଡ଼ିଆ || 33,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || || [[India]]
*[[Jharkhand]] (''Recognised'')
*[[Odisha]]
|-
| [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] || Ирон || 540,000 ''(50,000 in South Ossetia)'' || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || ''[[South Ossetia]]'' ||
|-
| [[Pashto]] || {{lang|ps|پښتو}} || 60,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Afghanistan]] || [[Pakistan]]
*[[Balochistan]] (''Recognised'')
*[[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]] (''Recognised'')
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]] || {{lang|fa|فارسی}} Форсӣ || 130,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Afghanistan]] (''as [[Dari]]'') [[Iran]] [[Tajikistan]] (''as [[Tajik language|Tajik]]'') ||
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] || ਪੰਜਾਬੀ {{nq|پن٘جابی}} || 100,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || || [[India]]
*[[Delhi]] (''Additional'')
*[[Haryana]] (''Additional'')
*[[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
*[[West Bengal]] (''Additional'')
|-
| [[Arakanese language|Rakhine]] || {{lang|my|ရခိုင်ဘာသာ}} || 1,000,000|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Rakhine State]]
|-
| [[Rohingya language|Rohingya]] || {{lang|rhg|Ruáingga}} ||1,800,000||[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]|| ||
*[[United Nations|U.N. refugee camps]]
*[[Myanmar]]
*[[Rakhine State]]
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]] || Русский|| 260,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || ''[[Abkhazia]]'' (''co-official'') [[Kazakhstan]] (''co-official'') [[Kyrgyzstan]] (''co-official'')
[[Russia]] ''[[South Ossetia]]'' (''state'') [[Tajikistan]] (''inter-ethnic communication'') [[Turkmenistan]] (''inter-ethnic communication'') [[Uzbekistan]] (''inter-ethnic communication'')
|
|-
| [[Santali language|Santali]] || ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ || 7,600,000 || [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] || || [[India]]
*[[West Bengal]] (''Additional'')
*[[Jharkhand]]
(''Additional'')
|-
| [[Shan language|Shan]] || {{lang|shn|ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆ}} || 3,295,000 || [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]] || || [[Myanmar]]
*[[Shan State]]u
|-
| [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] || {{lang|ar|سنڌي}} || 40,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || || [[Pakistan]]
*[[Sindh]]
|-
| [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] || {{lang|si|සිංහල}} || 18,000,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Sri Lanka]] ||
|-
| [[Tajik language|Tajik]] || Тоҷикӣ || 7,900,000 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Tajikistan]] ||
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{lang|ta|தமிழ்}} || 77,000,000|| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] || [[Singapore]] [[Sri Lanka]]|
 [[Malaysia]]||[[India]]
*[[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
*[[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || తెలుగు || 79,000,000|| [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] || || [[India]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[Telangana]]
*[[Yanam]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
|-
| [[Tetum language|Tetum]] ||Lia-Tetun || 500,000 || [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] || [[Timor Leste]] ||
|-
| [[Thai language|Thai]] || {{lang|th|ภาษาไทย}} || 60,000,000 || [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]] || [[Thailand]] ||
|-
| [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]] || {{lang|bo|བོད་སྐད་}} || 1,172,940|| [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || || [[China]]
*[[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
|-
| [[Kokborok|Tripuri]] || Tripuri || 3,500,000 || [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan]] || ||[[India]]
*[[Tripura]]
|-
| [[Tulu language|Tulu]] || {{lang|tcy-Knda|ತುಳು}} || 1,722,768 || [[Dravidian languages|Dravidian]] || || [[India]]
*[[Karnataka]] (''Recognised'')
*[[Kerala]] (''Recognised'')
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || Türkçe || 88,000,000 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || [[Turkey]] [[Northern Cyprus]] [[Cyprus]] ||
|-
| [[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] || Türkmençe || 7,000,000 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || [[Turkmenistan]] ||
|-
| [[Urdu]] || {{nq|اُردُو}} || 62,120,540 || [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] || [[Pakistan]] || [[India]]
*[[Bihar]] (''Recognised in 15 districts'')
*[[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
*[[Jharkhand]] (''Recognised'')
*[[National Capital Territory of Delhi]] (''Additional'')
*[[Telangana]] (''Additional'')
*[[Uttar Pradesh]] (''Additional'')
*[[West Bengal]] (''Additional'')
|-
| [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] || {{Lang|ar|ئۇيغۇرچە}} || 10,416,910 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || || [[China]]
*[[Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region]]
|-
| [[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] || Oʻzbekcha Ўзбекча || 25,000,000 || [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] || [[Uzbekistan]] ||
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] || 㗂越
Tiếng Việt
| 80,000,000 || [[Austroasiatic]] || [[Vietnam]] (''de facto'') ||
|-
| [[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] || Vahcuengh || 16,000,000 || [[Kra–Dai languages|Kra-Dai]] || || [[China]]
*[[Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region]]
*[[Wenshan Prefecture]], [[Yunnan]]
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Asian studies]]
*[[Asianic languages]]
*[[East Asian languages]]
*[[Languages of South Asia]]
*[[List of extinct languages of Asia]]
*[[Classification schemes for Southeast Asian languages]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
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{{Asia topic|Languages of}}
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[[Category:Languages of Asia| ]]

Languages of Asia - Revision history

136.32.45.97 at 02:25, 16 June 2022