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{{Short description|Tenth ruling dynasty of Magadha}}{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox country
| common_name = Later Gupta dynasty
| conventional_long_name = Later Gupta dynasty
| capital = Pataliputra
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| government_type = Monarchy
| year_start = {{Circa|490 CE}}
| year_end = {{Circa|750 CE}}
| image_map =
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|overlay_image=Map of the Later Guptas.jpg
| width=290 
| float = center
| border =none
| nodiv = 1
| mini = 1
| relief = yes

{{Annotation|text-align=center|230|5|[[Template:South Asia in 600 CE|South Asia 600 CE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=10|color=#000000}}
{{{3|}}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|90|110|[[Mori Rajputs|MORIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|115|225|[[Pandyan dynasty|PANDYAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|175|84|[[Licchavi (kingdom)|LICCHAVIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|125|205|[[Chola dynasty|CHOLAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|145|50|[[Zhangzhung|ZHANGZHUNG]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|105|215|[[Chera dynasty|CHERAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|215|125|[[Samatata|SAMATATAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|220|110|[[Gauda Kingdom|GAUDA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|215|98|[[Kamarupa|KAMARUPA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|145|165|[[Vishnukundina dynasty|VISHNU- KUNDINAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|125|185|[[Pallava dynasty|PALLAVAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|105|195|[[Alupa dynasty|ALUPAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|70|34|[[Nezak Huns|NEZAKS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|75|48|[[Alchon Huns|'''ALCHONS''']]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|155|155|[[Eastern Ganga dynasty|KALINGAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|155|130|[[Panduvamshis of Dakshina Kosala|PANDUVAMSHIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}

{{Annotation|text-align=center|165|143|[[Shailodbhava dynasty|SHAILODBHAVAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|102|40|[[Gonanda dynasty (II)|GONANDAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|130|92|[[Maukhari dynasty|MAUKHARIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|90|60|[[Takka Kingdom|TAKKA]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=6|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|5|5|[[Western Turks|WESTERN TURKS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8.5|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|160|3|[[Tocharians|TOCHARIANS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|60|125|'''[[Maitraka dynasty|MAITRAKAS]]'''|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|55|95|[[Rai dynasty|RAIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|80|97|[[Pratiharas of Mandavyapura|PRATIHARAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|110|70|[[Pushyabhuti dynasty|PUSHYA- BHUTIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|100|160|[[Chalukya dynasty|CHALUKYAS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}

{{Annotation|text-align=center|110|125|[[Kalachuri dynasty|EARLY KALA- CHURIS]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=7|color=#000000}}
{{Annotation|text-align=center|5|55|[[Sasanian Empire|SASANIAN EMPIRE]]|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=8.5|color=#000000}}

{{Annotation|262|250|[[Template:South Asia in 500 CE| ◁ ]] [[Template:South Asia in 800 CE| ▷ ]]|text-align=center|font-weight=bold|font-style=normal|font-size=12|color=#000000}}
|caption={{center|The Later Gupta kingdom at its zenith around {{Circa|590 CE}}, and its neighbours.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=145, map XIV.1 (i)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/pager.html?object=182}}</ref>}}
}}
| image_map_caption =
| image_map2 = South Asia historical AD625 EN.svg
| image_map2_caption = The Later Gupta [[Harsha]], {{Circa|625 CE}}
| p1 = Gupta Empire
| p2 = Alchon Huns
| s1 = Pushyabhuti dynasty
| p3 = Maukhari dynasty
}}
The '''Gupta dynasty''' or '''Guptas of Magadha''' (Sanskrit: गुप्त राजवंश) were an Indian dynasty founded by Guptavarman, a Chandel prince of Haihaya lineage of [[Lunar dynasty|Somvansh]]. This dynasty ruled between the 6th and 8th centuries CE. Kucha historians connect Gupta with the Gupta Empire, that is why it is called later Guptas, but there is no evidence connecting the two dynasties; these appear to be two distinct families.{{sfn|Karl J. Schmidt|2015|p=26}} The "Later Guptas" are so-called because the names of their rulers ended with the suffix "-gupta" ([[Gupta script|Late Brahmi]]: [[File:Gupta in the Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena.jpg|30px]] ''gu-pta'', as appearing in the [[Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena]]).{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=246}}

== History ==

After the decline of the [[Gupta Empire]], the Later Guptas succeeded them as the rulers of [[Magadha]].{{sfn|Karl J. Schmidt|2015|p=26}} The daughter of the dynasty's founder Krishnagupta is said to have married prince Adityavarman of the [[Maukhari]] dynasty. According to the [[Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena]], Krishnagupta's grandson Jivitagupta carried out military expeditions in the Himalayan region and southwestern [[Bengal]].{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=247}}

During the reign of Jivitagupta's son Kumaragupta, the dynasty developed a rivalry with the Maukharis. Kumaragupta defeated the Maukhari king [[Ishanavarman]] in 554 CE, and died at [[Prayaga]]. His son Damodaragupta suffered reverses against the Maukharis.{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=247}}

Damodaragupta's son Mahasenagupta allied with the [[Pushyabhuti dynasty]]. His sister married the ruler [[Adityavardhana]]. He invaded [[Kamarupa]] and defeated [[Susthita Varman]].{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=247}} But he subsequently faced three invaders: the Maukhari king [[Sharvavarman]], the Kamarupa king [[Supratisthita Varman|Supratishthita-varman]], and the [[Tibetan Empire|Tibetan]] king [[Songtsen Gampo|Songtsen]]. His vassal [[Shashanka]] also abandoned him (and later established the independent [[Gauda Kingdom]]). The Maukhari king [[Sharvavarman]] is thought to have defeated Damodaragupta, invading Magadha circa 575 CE, which made him ruler of the entire [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="BPS">{{cite book |last1=Sinha |first1=Bindeshwari Prasad |title=Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450-1200 A.D. |date=1977 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |pages=119–120 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V3KDaZY85wYC&pg=PA119 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mookerji |first1=Radha Kumud |title=Harsha: Calcutta University Readership Lectures 1925 |date=1 January 2016 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0862-1 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q30zEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA55 |language=en}}</ref> Under these circumstances, Mahasenagupta was forced to flee Magadha, and take shelter in [[Malwa]]. Subsequently, the Pushyabhuti emperor [[Harsha]] (ruled {{Circa|606|647 CE}}) restored the Later Gupta rule in Magadha, and they ruled as Harsha's vassals.{{sfn|Karl J. Schmidt|2015|p=26}}

After Harsha's death, the Later Gupta ruler Adityasena became the sovereign ruler of a large kingdom extending from the [[Ganges]] in the north to the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau|Chhota Nagpur]] in the south; and from [[Gomati River]] in the east to the [[Bay of Bengal]] in the west.{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=248}} However, he was defeated by the [[Chalukya]]s.{{sfn|Alain Daniélou|2003|p=151}}

Jivitagupta II, the last known ruler of the dynasty, appears to have been defeated by [[Yashovarman]] of the [[Varman dynasty of Kannauj]] circa 750 CE.{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|p=248}}

== Rulers ==

The known Gupta rulers include:{{sfn|Ronald M. Davidson|2012|p=35}}{{sfn|Sailendra Nath Sen|1999|pp=247-248}}{{sfn|Hans Bakker|2014|p=83}}
[[File:Aphsad Stone of Adityasena (photograph).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|The [[Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena]] (r. {{Circa|655}}-680 CE) establishes the genealogy of the Later Gupta dynasty down to Ādityasena.]]
*'''Nrpa Shri ''Guptavarman deva Chandel''' [Founder)
Rulers of dynasty:
* ''Nrpa Shri'' [[Krishna-gupta]] (Kṛṣṇavarman deva gupta), r. {{Circa|490}}-505 CE
* ''Deva Shri'' [[Harsha-gupta]] (Harṣavarman deva gupta), r. {{Circa|505}}-525 CE
* ''Shri'' Jivita-gupta I, (Jivitavarman deva gupta)r. {{Circa|525}}-550 CE
* ''Shri'' Kumara-gupta,(Kumaravarman deva gupta) r. {{Circa|550}}-560 CE
* ''Shri'' [[Damodara-gupta]], (Damodaravarman deva gupta) r. {{Circa|560}}-562 CE
* ''Shri'' Mahasena-gupta, (Mahasenavarman deca gupta) r. {{Circa|562}}-601 CE
* ''Shri'' [[Madhava-gupta]], (Madhavavarman deva gupta) r. {{Circa|601}}-655 CE (Queen: Shrimati)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' [[Aditya-sena]], (Adityasenavarman deva gupta)r. {{Circa|655}}-680 CE (Queen: Konadevi)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' [[Deva-gupta]], (Devavarman deva gupta)r. {{Circa|680}}-700 CE (Queen: Kamaladevi)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' [[Vishnu-gupta]] (Viṣnuvarman deva gupta) (Queen: Ijjadevi)
* ''Maharajadhiraja'' [[Jivita-gupta II]] (Jivitavarman deva gupta)

== Guptas of Jayapura ==
A small kingdom that ruled the area around [[Lakhisarai district]] during the 11th and 12th centuries bore the name ''Gupta'' and have subsequently been linked as a surviving line of the Later Gupta.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chakrabarty |first1=Dilip |title=The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India: The Geographical Frames of the Ancient Indian Dynasties |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199088324 |pages=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EIAyDwAAQBAJ&dq=khayaravala+pithi&pg=PT115}}</ref>
Evidence of their rule comes from the Panchob copper-plate inscription which was discovered in 1919.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Anil |title=THE PANCHOBH COPPER-PLATE OF SAMGRAMA GUPTA: A STUDY |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2000 |volume=61 |page=1316}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Asia 576 CE|right|The Later Gupta and main polities in Central Asia and South Asia {{circa|576}}.|{{Annotation|150|101|[[File:Rectangle (plain).svg|35px]]}}}}
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Alain Daniélou |title=A Brief History of India |url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofin00dani |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofin00dani/page/151 151] |year=2003 |publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co |isbn=978-1-59477-794-3 }}
* {{cite book |author=Hans Bakker |title=The World of the Skandapurāṇa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6p2XCgAAQBAJ |year=2014 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-27714-4 }}
* {{cite book |author=Karl J. Schmidt |title=An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqdzCQAAQBAJ |isbn=9781317476818 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |isbn=9780231501026 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sailendra Nath Sen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA246 |title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization |publisher=New Age |year=1999 |isbn=9788122411980 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Bihar]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 6th century]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 8th century]]
[[Category:Ancient empires and kingdoms of India]]

Later Guptas - Revision history

Bharatwiki Socrates at 06:06, 20 May 2024