>John Hill at 01:30, 15 April 2021

2021-04-15T01:30:38Z

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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name = Likir Monastery
|image =Likir Gompa.jpg
|alt =
|caption =
|map_type = India Ladakh
|coordinates = {{coord|34|16|36|N|77|12|54|E|type:landmark_region:IN-JK|display=inline,title}}
|map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
|location=[[Likir]], [[Ladakh]], [[India]]
|founded_by =Duwang Chosje and [[Lhachen Gyalpo]]
|date_renovated =
|sect = [[Gelug]]
|lineage=Ngari Rinpoche
|dedicated_to =
|head_lama =
|no._of_monks =120
|architecture =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Likir Monastery''' or '''Likir Gompa''' ('''Klud-kyil''') is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] monastery in [[Ladakh]], Northern [[India]]. It is located at 3700m elevation, approximately {{convert|52|km}} in the west of [[Leh]]. It is picturesquely situated on a little hill in the valley,<ref>Francke (1914), p. 88.</ref> in [[Likir]] village near the [[Indus River]] about {{convert|9.5|km}} north of the [[Srinigar]] to [[Leh]] highway.<ref name="Jina 1996">{{cite book|author=Singh Jina, Prem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjhcZgDy-WMC&pg=PA210 |title=Ladakh: the land and the people|publisher=Indus Publishing|year=1996|pages=210|isbn=81-7387-057-8}}</ref> It belongs to the [[Gelugpa]] sect of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] and was established in 1065 by Lama Duwang Chosje, under the command of the fifth king of Ladakh, [[Lhachen Gyalpo]] (Lha-chen-rgyal-po).<ref name="Temples">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhist-temples.com/buddhist-monastery/ladakh/likir.html|title=Likir Gompa|publisher=Buddhist-temples.com|access-date=6 October 2009}}</ref>

Although Likir is relatively isolated, it was once on a major trade route which travelled via [[Tingmosgang]], [[Hemis]] and Likir to Leh.<ref>Francke (1977), p. 91.</ref>

==History==
[[File:Likir-Gompa-02.jpg|left|240px]]

Likir is mentioned in the Ladakhi chronicles as having been erected by King [[Lhachen Gyalpo]] (Lha-chen-rgyal-po) (c. 1050-1080 CE).<ref name="Francke 1914, p. 87">Francke (1914), p. 87.</ref><ref name="Jina 1996"/> It presumably, originally belonged to the early [[Kadampa]] order of Tibetan Buddhism.<ref>Rizvi (1994), p. 241.</ref><ref name="bt">{{cite web|url=http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/india/monasteries/jammukashmir/likir-monastery.html|title=Likir monastery|publisher=Buddhist Tourism|access-date=6 October 2009|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68q7Ivns5?url=http://www.buddhist-tourism.com/countries/india/monasteries/jammukashmir/likir-monastery.html|archive-date=1 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

When Francke visited the monastery in 1909 he was shown a long inscription written in black ink on a wall which outlined the history of the monastery. Francke had it copied and interprets it as follows:

<blockquote>
"King Lha-chen-rgyal-po founded the monastery in the 11th century. In the 15th century, Lama Lha-dbang-chos-rje [a famous pupil of [[Tsongkhapa]]] converted the lamas to the reformed doctrines of the Ge-lug-pa order, and thus founded the monastery afresh as a Ge-lug-pa establishment. Then it is stated that seven generations after Lha-chen-rgyal-po, King Lha-chen-dngos-grub [c. 1290-1320] arose, and that he introduced the custom of sending all the novices to Lhasa. This statement is found in exactly the same words as we find in the rGyal-rabs"<ref>Francke (1914), pp. 24, 87.</ref>
</blockquote>

Eighteen generations later King bDe-legs-rnam-rgyal reigned, but his name has been erased from the inscription because he embraced Islam after the battle of [[Basgo]] in 1646-1647. The inscription itself is dated to the reign of King Thse-dbang-rnam-rgyal II (Tsewang namgyal II, c. 1760-1780), who repaired the monastery after a conflagration.<ref name="Francke 1914, p. 87"/><ref>Francke (1977), p. 130.</ref>
|
Below the monastery was a large [[chorten]] with frescoes inside representing Tsongkapa and other lamas of his time. "Painted above the door, a very strange figure is found which looks much like one of the ordinary representations of Srong-btsan-sgam-po ([[Songtsän Gampo]]). I was told by the lamas that it represents a lama of Srong-btsan-sgam-po's times. The figure wears a three-pointed hat of white colour and carries two leopard skins under his arms." The lower part of the chorten is a square room which a lama said was the earliest temple at Likir, and was already there when King Lha-chenrgyal-po built the monastery.<ref name="Francke 1914, p. 87"/>

The monastery currently has approximately 120 Buddhist monks and a school with almost thirty students.<ref name="Temples"/> The [[Central Institute of Buddhist Studies, Leh|Central Institute of Buddhist Studies]] runs it and teaches in three languages, [[Hindi]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[English language|English]].<ref name="Jina 1996"/><ref name="Temples"/>
[[File:Sign at front of Likir Gompa.jpg|thumb|300px|Sign at front of Likir Gompa]]
Historical notes on sign outside gompa:
<blockquote>
Lu.Khyil (water spirits circled) popularly known as “Likil” Gonpa gives its name to Nagas (water spirits) who once lived there. It is another important Ge.lug.pa monastery in Ladakh.
Lachen Gyalpo, the fifth king of Ladakh is said to have offered to Lama Duwans Chosje, a great master of meditation, the land for building a monastery in 1065, This monastery joined the Gelugpa order in the 15th century.
The Du-Khang (Assembly Hall) contains Mar.ime.zat, Shakyamuni, and Maitreya (Buddhas of the past, present and future) an imposing statue of Tsong.Kha.pa and Kangyur & Tangyur. In Nyenes Khang are the life-like paintings of the Tung-Shah (the thirty-five confessional Buddhas and Nas.Tan.Chu.Tuk, sixteen arahats)
The Gon,Khang houses the statue of Se.Ta.Pa an imposing protective deity of the monastery and Yamantaka.
Likir Dos.mo.che, the annual festival of the monastery is held from 27th to the 29th of the 12th Tibetan month.
By Courtesy of Tourism Deptt. Leh
</blockquote>

It is the seat of the Ngari Rinpoche, the present emanation of the younger brother of the Dalai Lama. Although he does not permanently reside here, he attends the more important [[puja (Buddhism)|puja]]s.<ref>Rizvi (1996), pp. 242-242.</ref>

==Layout and interior==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Likir Monastery. 2010.jpg|View of Likir Monastery, [[Ladakh]], India.
Likir-Gompa-04.jpg|View of Likir Gompa, Ladakh, India.
Likir (224).jpg|Hanging prayer flags on the 23 m (75 ft) statue of [[Maitreya]].
File:Buddha statue. Likir Gompa. Ladakh. 2010.jpg|thumb|Side view Maitreya statue. Likir Gompa
File:Closeup of Maitreya statue. Likir Gompa.jpg|thumb|Closeup of Maitreya statue. Likir Gompa
Likir-Gompa-03.jpg|A [[Mahakala]] thangka in Likir.
</gallery>
The monastery has two assembly halls, known as Dukhangs and the older one is located on the right of the central courtyard with six rows of seats for the lamas and a throne for the Head Lama of Likir.<ref name="bt"/> The Dukhangs contain statues of [[Bodhisattva]], [[Amitabha]], three large statues of [[Sakyamuni]], [[Maitreya]] and [[Tsong Khapa]], founder of the yellow-hat sect.<ref name="Temples"/><ref name="bt"/> The monastery is also a repository of old manuscripts, has a notable thangka collection and old costumes and earthen pots.<ref name="Jina 1996"/><ref name="bt"/> Sitting on the roof is a 23-metre (75 ft) high gilded gold statue of [[Maitreya]] (the future) Buddha. It was completed in 1999.<ref>Banerjee (2010), p. 131.</ref><ref name="bt" />

Bookcases stand at the statue sides, with the volumes of the [[Sumbum]], describing the life and teachings of Tsong Khapa. The left wall has paintings of the 35 Confessional Buddhas while the right wall has an image of Sakyamuni with two of his chiefs by his side.<ref name="bt"/>

A ladder leads out of the hall, which leads to the [[Zinchun]], which is the head lama's room which contains mainly thangkas and images of lamas and the 21 manifestations of the White Tara, the consort of Avalokitesvara.<ref name="bt"/> The Gonkhang was created in 1983 when the monastery underwent renovation and was completed a year later<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cultureholidays.com/buddha/likir-gompa.htm|title=Likir Gompa Tibet|publisher=Culture Holidays|access-date=4 October 2009}}</ref> The walls of the Gonkhang contain thangkas of the divinities.<ref name="bt"/>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Likir1.jpg|
File:Likir2.jpg|
File:Likir3.jpg|
File:Likir4.jpg|
File:Likir5.jpg|
File:Likir_Gompa_(Leh-India).jpg|
</gallery>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*Banerjee, Partha, S. (2010). ''Ladakh, Kashmir & Manali: The Essential Guide. 2nd Edition''. Milestone Books, Calcutta. {{ISBN|978-81-903270-2-2}}.
*Francke, A. H. 1914, 1926. ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet. Vol. 1: Personal Narrative; Vol. 2: The Chronicles of Ladak and Minor Chronicles, texts and translations, with Notes and Maps''. Reprint 1972. S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
*Francke, A. H. (1977). ''A History of Ladakh''. 1907 edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergen & F. M. Hassnaian. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
*Rizvi, Janet. 1996. ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3rd Impression 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
{{commons category|Likir Monastery}}

{{Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh}}
{{TibetanBuddhism}}

[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Ladakh]]
[[Category:1065 establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:Gelug monasteries]]
[[Category:11th-century establishments in India]]

Likir Monastery - Revision history

>John Hill at 01:30, 15 April 2021